Speciation of Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles and Other Paramagnetic Intermediates during High-Temperature Oxidative Pyrolysis of 1-Methylnaphthalene
Low Temperature Matrix Isolation - Electron
Paramagnetic Resonance (LTMI-EPR) Spectroscopy was utilized to
identify the species of iron oxide nanoparticles generated during the
oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN). The otherwise
gas-phase reactions of 1--MN were impacted by a polypropylenimine
tetra-hexacontaamine dendrimer complexed with iron (III) nitrate
nonahydrate diluted in air under atmospheric conditions. The EPR
fine structure of Fe (III)2O3 nanoparticles clusters, characterized by gfactors
of 2.00, 2.28, 3.76 and 4.37 were detected on a cold finger
maintained at 77 K after accumulation over a multitude of
experiments. Additionally, a high valence Fe (IV) paramagnetic
intermediate and superoxide anion-radicals, O2•- adsorbed on
nanoparticle surfaces in the form of Fe (IV) --- O2•- were detected
from the quenching area of Zone 1 in the gas-phase.
[1] Herring MP, Potter PM, Wu H, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Fe2O3
nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the
oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute 2013;34:1749-57.
[2] Feitelberg AS, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF. Metal enhanced soot and PAH
formation. Combustion and Flame 1993;92:241-53.
[3] Hirasawa T, Sung C-J, Yang Z, Joshi A, Wang H. Effect of ferrocene
addition on sooting limits in laminar premixed ethylene–oxygen–argon
flames. Combustion and Flame 2004;139:288-99.
[4] Hahn DW, Kim KB, Masiello KA. Reduction of soot emissions by iron
pentacarbonyl in isooctane diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame
2008;154:164-80.
[5] Ritrievi KE, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF. The Effects of Ferrocene
Addition on Soot Particle Inception and Growth in Premixed Ethylene
Flames. Combustion and Flame 1987;70:17-31.
[6] Linteris GT, Babushok VI. Promotion or inhibition of hydrogen-air
ignition by iron-containing compounds. Proceedings of the Combustion
Institute 2009;32:2535-42.
[7] Zhang J, Megaridis CM. Iron/soot interaction in a laminar ethylene
nonpremixed flame. Symposium (International) on Combustion
1994;25:593-600.
[8] Kasper M, Sattler K, Siegmann K, Matter U, Siegmann HC. The
influence of fuel additives on the formation of carbon during
combustion. Journal of Aerosol Science 1999;30:217-25.
[9] Lomnicki S, Truong H, Vejerano E, Dellinger B. Copper oxide-based
model of persistent free radical formation on combustion-derived
particulate matter. Environmental Science & Technology 2008;42:4982-
8.
[10] Vejerano E, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Formation and Stabilization of
Combustion-Generated Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on an
Fe(III)2O3/Silica Surface. Environmental Science & Technology
2010;45:589-94.
[11] Dellinger B, Lomnicki S, Khachatryan L, Maskos Z, Hall RW,
Adounkpe J, et al. Formation and stabilization of persistent free radicals.
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2007;31:521-8.
[12] Nganai S, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Ferric Oxide Mediated Formation of
PCDD/Fs from 2-Monochlorophenol. Environmental Science &
Technology 2008;43:368-73.
[13] Nganai S, Lomnicki SM, Dellinger B. Formation of PCDD/Fs from the
Copper Oxide-Mediated Pyrolysis and Oxidation of 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene. Environmental Science & Technology 2010;45:1034-
40.
[14] Khachatryan L, Adounkpe J, Maskos M, and, Dellinger B. Formation of
Cyclopentadienyl Radicals from the Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of
Hydroquinone, Catechol, and Phenol. Environ Sci Technol 2006;
40:5071-6.
[15] M. P. Herring, L.Khachatryan, Lomnicki S, Dellinger aB. Paramagnetic
Centers in Particulate Formed from the Oxidative Pyrolysis of 1-
Methylnaphthalene in the Presence of Fe(III)2O3 Nanoparticles. Comb
and Flame 2013; in press.
[16] Basu P. Use of EPR Spectroscopy in Elucidating Electronic Structures
of Paramagnetic Transition Metal Complexes. Journal of Chemical
Education 2001; 78:666.
[17] Ledoux F, Zhilinskaya E, Bouhsina S, Courcot L, Bertho ML, Aboukais
A, et al. EPR investigations of Mn2+, Fe3+ ions and carbonaceous
radicals in atmospheric particulate aerosols during their transport over
the eastern coast of the English Channel. Atmospheric Environment
2002; 36:939-47.
[18] Wawros A, Talik E, Zelechower M, Pastuszka JS, Skrzypek D, Ujma Z.
Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and morphology of
aerosol particles in the centre of Katowice, Poland. Polish Journal of
Environmental Studies 2003; 12:619-27.
[19] Guskos N, Papadopoulos GJ, Likodimos V, Patapis S, Yarmis D,
Przepiera A, et al. Photoacoustic, EPR and electrical conductivity
investigations of three synthetic mineral pigments: hematite, goethite
and magnetite. Materials Research Bulletin 2002; 37:1051-61.
[20] Gehring A, Karthein R. ESR study of Fe(III) and Cr(III) hydroxides.
Naturwissenschaften 1989;76:172-3.
[21] Ibrahim MM, Edwards G, Seehra MS, Ganguly B, Huffman GP.
Magnetism and Spin Dynamics of Nanoscale Feooh Particles. Journal of
Applied Physics 1994;75:5873-5.
[22] Roy S, Ganguli D. Spectroscopic properties of low Fe3+-doped silica
gels. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1996;195:38-44.
[23] Schultz PC. Optical Absorption of the Transition Elements in Vitreous
Silica. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1974;57:309-13.
[24] Legein C, Buzare JY, Emery J, Jacoboni C. Electron-Paramagnetic-
Resonance Determination of the Local-Field Distribution Acting on
Cr3+ and Fe3+ in Transition-Metal Fluoride Glasses (Tmfg). Journal of
Physics-Condensed Matter 1995;7:3853-62.
[25] Bishay AM, Makar L. Role of Iron in Calcium Phosphate Glasses.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1969;52:605-&.
[26] Camara B, Oel HJ. Behavior and Effect of Iron in X-Ray-Irradiated
Silicate Glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1984;65:161-76.
[27] Baiocchi E, Montenero A, Momo F, Sotgiu A. High-Temperature
Electron-Spin-Resonance Study of Fe(Iii) in Lead Silicate Glass. Journal
of Non-Crystalline Solids 1980;37:143-7.
[28] Iwamoto N, Makino Y, Kasahara S. State of Fe-3+ Ion and Fe-3+--FInteraction
in Calcium Fluorosilicate Glasses. Journal of Non-
Crystalline Solids 1983;55:113-24.
[29] Ledoux F, Zhilinskaya EA, Courcot D, Aboukais A, Puskaric E. EPR
investigation of iron in size segregated atmospheric aerosols collected at
Dunkerque, Northern France. Atmospheric Environment 2004;38:1201-
10.
[30] Roy S, Ganguli D. Spectroscopic properties of low Fe3+-doped silica
gels. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1996;195:38-44.
[31] The Organic Chemistry of Iron. . Editors: Maitlis, PM, Stone, FGA,
West, R 1978;1:257-97.
[32] Ennas G, Musinu A, Piccaluga G, Zedda D. Characterization of Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles in an Fe2O3−SiO2 Composite Prepared by a
Sol−Gel Method. Chemistry of Materials 1998;10:495-502.
[33] Cannas C, Gatteschi D, Musinu A, Piccaluga G, Sangregorio C.
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed
over a silica matrix. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 1998;102:7721-6. [34] Burke NA, Stöver HD, Dawson FP. Magnetic nanocomposites:
preparation and characterization of polymer-coated iron nanoparticles.
Chemistry of materials 2002;14:4752-61.
[35] Huber DL. Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles.
Small 2005;1:482-501.
[36] Baranov P, Badalyan A, Azamat D, Trepakov V, Bundakova A,
Ruzanova E, et al. EPR investigation of iron-related centers in^{57} Fedoped
KTaO_ {3}. Physical Review B 2006;74:054111.
[37] Beinert H, Orme-Johnson WH. Electron-nuclear and electron-electron
spin interactions in the study of enzyme structure and function Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences 1969;158:336-60.
[38] Madadi-Kahkesh S, Duin EC, Heim S, Albracht SPJ, Johnson MK,
Hedderich R. A paramagnetic species with unique EPR characteristics in
the active site of heterodisulfide reductase from methanogenic archaea.
European Journal of Biochemistry 2001;268:2566-77.
[39] Tsibris JCM, Tsai RL, Gunsalus IC, Ormejohn.W.h., Hansen RE,
Beinert H. Number of Iron Atoms in Paramagnetic Center (g = 1.94) of
Reduced Putidaredoxin a Nonheme Iron Protein. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1968;59:959-&.
[40] Lunsford JH. ESR of Adsorbed Oxygen Species. Catalysis Reviews-
Science and Engineering 1973;8:135-57.
[41] Giamello E, Sojka Z, Che M, Zecchina A. Spectroscopic Study of
Superoxide Species Formed by Low-Temperature Adsorption of Oxygen
onto Coo-Mgo Solid-Solutions - an Example of Synthetic
Heterogeneous Oxygen Carriers. Journal of Physical Chemistry
1986;90:6084-91.
[42] Petr A, Kataev V, Buchner B. First Direct In Situ EPR
Spectroelectrochemical Evidence of the Superoxide Anion Radical.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2011;115:12036-9.
[43] Novara C, Alfayate A, Berlier G, Maurelli S, Chiesa M. The interaction
of H2O2 with TiAlPO-5 molecular sieves: probing the catalytic potential
of framework substituted Ti ions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
2013;15:11099-105.
[44] Kanzig W, Cohen MH. Paramagnetic Resonance of Oxygen in Alkali
Halides. Physical Review Letters 1959;3:509-10.
[45] Che M, Tench AJ. Non Equivalency of Oxygen Nuclei in O-17
Adsorbed on Oxides. Chemical Physics Letters 1973;18:199-202.
[46] Chiesa M, Giamello E, Paganini MC, Sojka Z, Murphy DM. Continuous
wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of the hyperfine
structure of O-17(2)- adsorbed on the MgO surface. Journal of Chemical
Physics 2002;116:4266-74.
[47] Taarit YB, Lunsford JH. Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance Evidence for
a Peroxy Type Superoxide Ion on Surfaces. Journal of Physical
Chemistry 1973;77:780-3.
[48] Dyrek K. Chemisorption of Oxygen on Transition-Metal Oxides Studied
by Epr. Advances in Molecular Relaxation Processes 1973;5:211-8.
[49] Xue DP, Lu JF, Wang K. The bidirectional effect of vanadyl ion on the
oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. Journal of Inorganic
Biochemistry 1998;71:79-85.
[50] Green MR, Allen H, Hill O, Turner DR. Nature of the Superoxide Ion in
Dipolar Aprotic-Solvents - Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance-Spectra of
the Superoxide Ion in N,N-Dimethylformamide - Evidence for Hydrated
Forms. Febs Letters 1979;103:176-80.
[51] Clarkson RB, Cirillo AC. EPR Observation of O2- Chemisorbed on a
Metallic Silver Surface. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology
1972;9:1073-&.
[52] Attwood AL, Murphy DM, Edwards JL, Egerton TA, Harrison RW. An
EPR study of thermally and photochemically generated oxygen radicals
on hydrated and dehydrated titania surfaces. Research on Chemical
Intermediates 2003;29:449-65.
[53] Yu JH, Chen JR, Li C, Wang XS, Zhang BW, Ding HY. ESR signal of
superoxide radical anion adsorbed on TiO(2) generated at room
temperature. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2004;108:2781-3.
[54] Kasai PH. Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Gamma- and X-Ray-
Irradiated Zeolites. Journal of Chemical Physics 1965;43:3322-&.
[55] Harischandra DN, Zhang R, Newcomb M. Photochemical generation of
a highly reactive iron-oxo intermediate. A true iron(V)-oxo species?
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005;127:13776-7.
[56] Groves JT, Haushalter RC, Nakamura M, Nemo TE, Evans BJ. High-
Valent Iron-Porphyrin Complexes Related to Peroxidase and
Cytochrome-P-450. Journal of the American Chemical Society
1981;103:2884-6.
[57] Krebs C, Fujimori DG, Walsh CT, Bollinger JM. Non-heme Fe(IV)-oxo
intermediates. Accounts of Chemical Research 2007;40:484-92.
[58] Lacy DC, Gupta R, Stone KL, Greaves J, Ziller JW, Hendrich MP, et al.
Formation, Structure, and EPR Detection of a High Spin Fe-IV-Oxo
Species Derived from Either an Fe-III-Oxo or Fe-III-OH Complex.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132:12188-90.
[59] Ye SF, Neese F. Nonheme oxo-iron(IV) intermediates form an oxyl
radical upon approaching the C-H bond activation transition state.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America 2011;108:1228-33.
[60] Liu JG, Shimizu Y, Ohta T, Naruta Y. Formation of an End-On Ferric
Peroxo Intermediate upon One-Electron Reduction of a Ferric Superoxo
Heme. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132:3672-+.
[61] Chung LW, Li X, Hirao H, Morokuma K. Comparative Reactivity of
Ferric-Superoxo and Ferryl-Oxo Species in Heme and Non-Heme
Complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011;133:20076-
9.
[62] Zent AP, Ichimura AS, Quinn RC, Harding HK. The formation and
stability of the superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) on rock-forming minerals:
Band gaps, hydroxylation state, and implications for Mars oxidant
chemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research-Planets 2008;113.
[63] Maricle DL, Hodgson WG. Reduction of Oxygen to Superoxide Anion
in Aprotic Solvents. Analytical Chemistry 1965;37:1562-&.
[64] Que L. The road to non-heme oxoferryls and beyond. Accounts of
Chemical Research 2007;40:493-500.
[65] Berry JF, George SD, Neese F. Electronic structure and spectroscopy of
"superoxidized" iron centers in model systems: theoretical and
experimental trends. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
2008;10:4361-74.
[1] Herring MP, Potter PM, Wu H, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Fe2O3
nanoparticle mediated molecular growth and soot inception from the
oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene. Proceedings of the
Combustion Institute 2013;34:1749-57.
[2] Feitelberg AS, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF. Metal enhanced soot and PAH
formation. Combustion and Flame 1993;92:241-53.
[3] Hirasawa T, Sung C-J, Yang Z, Joshi A, Wang H. Effect of ferrocene
addition on sooting limits in laminar premixed ethylene–oxygen–argon
flames. Combustion and Flame 2004;139:288-99.
[4] Hahn DW, Kim KB, Masiello KA. Reduction of soot emissions by iron
pentacarbonyl in isooctane diffusion flames. Combustion and Flame
2008;154:164-80.
[5] Ritrievi KE, Longwell JP, Sarofim AF. The Effects of Ferrocene
Addition on Soot Particle Inception and Growth in Premixed Ethylene
Flames. Combustion and Flame 1987;70:17-31.
[6] Linteris GT, Babushok VI. Promotion or inhibition of hydrogen-air
ignition by iron-containing compounds. Proceedings of the Combustion
Institute 2009;32:2535-42.
[7] Zhang J, Megaridis CM. Iron/soot interaction in a laminar ethylene
nonpremixed flame. Symposium (International) on Combustion
1994;25:593-600.
[8] Kasper M, Sattler K, Siegmann K, Matter U, Siegmann HC. The
influence of fuel additives on the formation of carbon during
combustion. Journal of Aerosol Science 1999;30:217-25.
[9] Lomnicki S, Truong H, Vejerano E, Dellinger B. Copper oxide-based
model of persistent free radical formation on combustion-derived
particulate matter. Environmental Science & Technology 2008;42:4982-
8.
[10] Vejerano E, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Formation and Stabilization of
Combustion-Generated Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals on an
Fe(III)2O3/Silica Surface. Environmental Science & Technology
2010;45:589-94.
[11] Dellinger B, Lomnicki S, Khachatryan L, Maskos Z, Hall RW,
Adounkpe J, et al. Formation and stabilization of persistent free radicals.
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 2007;31:521-8.
[12] Nganai S, Lomnicki S, Dellinger B. Ferric Oxide Mediated Formation of
PCDD/Fs from 2-Monochlorophenol. Environmental Science &
Technology 2008;43:368-73.
[13] Nganai S, Lomnicki SM, Dellinger B. Formation of PCDD/Fs from the
Copper Oxide-Mediated Pyrolysis and Oxidation of 1,2-
Dichlorobenzene. Environmental Science & Technology 2010;45:1034-
40.
[14] Khachatryan L, Adounkpe J, Maskos M, and, Dellinger B. Formation of
Cyclopentadienyl Radicals from the Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of
Hydroquinone, Catechol, and Phenol. Environ Sci Technol 2006;
40:5071-6.
[15] M. P. Herring, L.Khachatryan, Lomnicki S, Dellinger aB. Paramagnetic
Centers in Particulate Formed from the Oxidative Pyrolysis of 1-
Methylnaphthalene in the Presence of Fe(III)2O3 Nanoparticles. Comb
and Flame 2013; in press.
[16] Basu P. Use of EPR Spectroscopy in Elucidating Electronic Structures
of Paramagnetic Transition Metal Complexes. Journal of Chemical
Education 2001; 78:666.
[17] Ledoux F, Zhilinskaya E, Bouhsina S, Courcot L, Bertho ML, Aboukais
A, et al. EPR investigations of Mn2+, Fe3+ ions and carbonaceous
radicals in atmospheric particulate aerosols during their transport over
the eastern coast of the English Channel. Atmospheric Environment
2002; 36:939-47.
[18] Wawros A, Talik E, Zelechower M, Pastuszka JS, Skrzypek D, Ujma Z.
Seasonal variation in the chemical composition and morphology of
aerosol particles in the centre of Katowice, Poland. Polish Journal of
Environmental Studies 2003; 12:619-27.
[19] Guskos N, Papadopoulos GJ, Likodimos V, Patapis S, Yarmis D,
Przepiera A, et al. Photoacoustic, EPR and electrical conductivity
investigations of three synthetic mineral pigments: hematite, goethite
and magnetite. Materials Research Bulletin 2002; 37:1051-61.
[20] Gehring A, Karthein R. ESR study of Fe(III) and Cr(III) hydroxides.
Naturwissenschaften 1989;76:172-3.
[21] Ibrahim MM, Edwards G, Seehra MS, Ganguly B, Huffman GP.
Magnetism and Spin Dynamics of Nanoscale Feooh Particles. Journal of
Applied Physics 1994;75:5873-5.
[22] Roy S, Ganguli D. Spectroscopic properties of low Fe3+-doped silica
gels. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1996;195:38-44.
[23] Schultz PC. Optical Absorption of the Transition Elements in Vitreous
Silica. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1974;57:309-13.
[24] Legein C, Buzare JY, Emery J, Jacoboni C. Electron-Paramagnetic-
Resonance Determination of the Local-Field Distribution Acting on
Cr3+ and Fe3+ in Transition-Metal Fluoride Glasses (Tmfg). Journal of
Physics-Condensed Matter 1995;7:3853-62.
[25] Bishay AM, Makar L. Role of Iron in Calcium Phosphate Glasses.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society 1969;52:605-&.
[26] Camara B, Oel HJ. Behavior and Effect of Iron in X-Ray-Irradiated
Silicate Glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1984;65:161-76.
[27] Baiocchi E, Montenero A, Momo F, Sotgiu A. High-Temperature
Electron-Spin-Resonance Study of Fe(Iii) in Lead Silicate Glass. Journal
of Non-Crystalline Solids 1980;37:143-7.
[28] Iwamoto N, Makino Y, Kasahara S. State of Fe-3+ Ion and Fe-3+--FInteraction
in Calcium Fluorosilicate Glasses. Journal of Non-
Crystalline Solids 1983;55:113-24.
[29] Ledoux F, Zhilinskaya EA, Courcot D, Aboukais A, Puskaric E. EPR
investigation of iron in size segregated atmospheric aerosols collected at
Dunkerque, Northern France. Atmospheric Environment 2004;38:1201-
10.
[30] Roy S, Ganguli D. Spectroscopic properties of low Fe3+-doped silica
gels. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 1996;195:38-44.
[31] The Organic Chemistry of Iron. . Editors: Maitlis, PM, Stone, FGA,
West, R 1978;1:257-97.
[32] Ennas G, Musinu A, Piccaluga G, Zedda D. Characterization of Iron
Oxide Nanoparticles in an Fe2O3−SiO2 Composite Prepared by a
Sol−Gel Method. Chemistry of Materials 1998;10:495-502.
[33] Cannas C, Gatteschi D, Musinu A, Piccaluga G, Sangregorio C.
Structural and magnetic properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed
over a silica matrix. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 1998;102:7721-6. [34] Burke NA, Stöver HD, Dawson FP. Magnetic nanocomposites:
preparation and characterization of polymer-coated iron nanoparticles.
Chemistry of materials 2002;14:4752-61.
[35] Huber DL. Synthesis, properties, and applications of iron nanoparticles.
Small 2005;1:482-501.
[36] Baranov P, Badalyan A, Azamat D, Trepakov V, Bundakova A,
Ruzanova E, et al. EPR investigation of iron-related centers in^{57} Fedoped
KTaO_ {3}. Physical Review B 2006;74:054111.
[37] Beinert H, Orme-Johnson WH. Electron-nuclear and electron-electron
spin interactions in the study of enzyme structure and function Annals of
the New York Academy of Sciences 1969;158:336-60.
[38] Madadi-Kahkesh S, Duin EC, Heim S, Albracht SPJ, Johnson MK,
Hedderich R. A paramagnetic species with unique EPR characteristics in
the active site of heterodisulfide reductase from methanogenic archaea.
European Journal of Biochemistry 2001;268:2566-77.
[39] Tsibris JCM, Tsai RL, Gunsalus IC, Ormejohn.W.h., Hansen RE,
Beinert H. Number of Iron Atoms in Paramagnetic Center (g = 1.94) of
Reduced Putidaredoxin a Nonheme Iron Protein. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1968;59:959-&.
[40] Lunsford JH. ESR of Adsorbed Oxygen Species. Catalysis Reviews-
Science and Engineering 1973;8:135-57.
[41] Giamello E, Sojka Z, Che M, Zecchina A. Spectroscopic Study of
Superoxide Species Formed by Low-Temperature Adsorption of Oxygen
onto Coo-Mgo Solid-Solutions - an Example of Synthetic
Heterogeneous Oxygen Carriers. Journal of Physical Chemistry
1986;90:6084-91.
[42] Petr A, Kataev V, Buchner B. First Direct In Situ EPR
Spectroelectrochemical Evidence of the Superoxide Anion Radical.
Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2011;115:12036-9.
[43] Novara C, Alfayate A, Berlier G, Maurelli S, Chiesa M. The interaction
of H2O2 with TiAlPO-5 molecular sieves: probing the catalytic potential
of framework substituted Ti ions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
2013;15:11099-105.
[44] Kanzig W, Cohen MH. Paramagnetic Resonance of Oxygen in Alkali
Halides. Physical Review Letters 1959;3:509-10.
[45] Che M, Tench AJ. Non Equivalency of Oxygen Nuclei in O-17
Adsorbed on Oxides. Chemical Physics Letters 1973;18:199-202.
[46] Chiesa M, Giamello E, Paganini MC, Sojka Z, Murphy DM. Continuous
wave electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of the hyperfine
structure of O-17(2)- adsorbed on the MgO surface. Journal of Chemical
Physics 2002;116:4266-74.
[47] Taarit YB, Lunsford JH. Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance Evidence for
a Peroxy Type Superoxide Ion on Surfaces. Journal of Physical
Chemistry 1973;77:780-3.
[48] Dyrek K. Chemisorption of Oxygen on Transition-Metal Oxides Studied
by Epr. Advances in Molecular Relaxation Processes 1973;5:211-8.
[49] Xue DP, Lu JF, Wang K. The bidirectional effect of vanadyl ion on the
oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. Journal of Inorganic
Biochemistry 1998;71:79-85.
[50] Green MR, Allen H, Hill O, Turner DR. Nature of the Superoxide Ion in
Dipolar Aprotic-Solvents - Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance-Spectra of
the Superoxide Ion in N,N-Dimethylformamide - Evidence for Hydrated
Forms. Febs Letters 1979;103:176-80.
[51] Clarkson RB, Cirillo AC. EPR Observation of O2- Chemisorbed on a
Metallic Silver Surface. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology
1972;9:1073-&.
[52] Attwood AL, Murphy DM, Edwards JL, Egerton TA, Harrison RW. An
EPR study of thermally and photochemically generated oxygen radicals
on hydrated and dehydrated titania surfaces. Research on Chemical
Intermediates 2003;29:449-65.
[53] Yu JH, Chen JR, Li C, Wang XS, Zhang BW, Ding HY. ESR signal of
superoxide radical anion adsorbed on TiO(2) generated at room
temperature. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2004;108:2781-3.
[54] Kasai PH. Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Gamma- and X-Ray-
Irradiated Zeolites. Journal of Chemical Physics 1965;43:3322-&.
[55] Harischandra DN, Zhang R, Newcomb M. Photochemical generation of
a highly reactive iron-oxo intermediate. A true iron(V)-oxo species?
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2005;127:13776-7.
[56] Groves JT, Haushalter RC, Nakamura M, Nemo TE, Evans BJ. High-
Valent Iron-Porphyrin Complexes Related to Peroxidase and
Cytochrome-P-450. Journal of the American Chemical Society
1981;103:2884-6.
[57] Krebs C, Fujimori DG, Walsh CT, Bollinger JM. Non-heme Fe(IV)-oxo
intermediates. Accounts of Chemical Research 2007;40:484-92.
[58] Lacy DC, Gupta R, Stone KL, Greaves J, Ziller JW, Hendrich MP, et al.
Formation, Structure, and EPR Detection of a High Spin Fe-IV-Oxo
Species Derived from Either an Fe-III-Oxo or Fe-III-OH Complex.
Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132:12188-90.
[59] Ye SF, Neese F. Nonheme oxo-iron(IV) intermediates form an oxyl
radical upon approaching the C-H bond activation transition state.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
of America 2011;108:1228-33.
[60] Liu JG, Shimizu Y, Ohta T, Naruta Y. Formation of an End-On Ferric
Peroxo Intermediate upon One-Electron Reduction of a Ferric Superoxo
Heme. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010;132:3672-+.
[61] Chung LW, Li X, Hirao H, Morokuma K. Comparative Reactivity of
Ferric-Superoxo and Ferryl-Oxo Species in Heme and Non-Heme
Complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011;133:20076-
9.
[62] Zent AP, Ichimura AS, Quinn RC, Harding HK. The formation and
stability of the superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) on rock-forming minerals:
Band gaps, hydroxylation state, and implications for Mars oxidant
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@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:70735", author = "Michael P. Herring and Lavrent Khachatryan and Barry Dellinger", title = "Speciation of Iron (III) Oxide Nanoparticles and Other Paramagnetic Intermediates during High-Temperature Oxidative Pyrolysis of 1-Methylnaphthalene", abstract = "Low Temperature Matrix Isolation - Electron
Paramagnetic Resonance (LTMI-EPR) Spectroscopy was utilized to
identify the species of iron oxide nanoparticles generated during the
oxidative pyrolysis of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN). The otherwise
gas-phase reactions of 1--MN were impacted by a polypropylenimine
tetra-hexacontaamine dendrimer complexed with iron (III) nitrate
nonahydrate diluted in air under atmospheric conditions. The EPR
fine structure of Fe (III)2O3 nanoparticles clusters, characterized by gfactors
of 2.00, 2.28, 3.76 and 4.37 were detected on a cold finger
maintained at 77 K after accumulation over a multitude of
experiments. Additionally, a high valence Fe (IV) paramagnetic
intermediate and superoxide anion-radicals, O2•- adsorbed on
nanoparticle surfaces in the form of Fe (IV) --- O2•- were detected
from the quenching area of Zone 1 in the gas-phase.", keywords = "Cryogenic trapping, EPFRs, dendrimer, Fe2O3 doped
silica, soot.", volume = "9", number = "7", pages = "870-9", }
