Speciation Analysis by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Application to Atrazine
The main hypothesis of the dynamics of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is that steady-state mass transfer is respected throughout the SPME extraction process. It considers steady-state diffusion is established in the two phases and fast exchange of the analyte at the solid phase film/water interface. An improved model is proposed in this paper to handle with the situation when the analyte (atrazine) is in contact with colloid suspensions (carboxylate latex in aqueous solution). A mathematical solution is obtained by substituting the diffusion coefficient by the mean of diffusion coefficient between analyte and carboxylate latex, and also thickness layer by the mean thickness in aqueous solution. This solution provides an equation relating the extracted amount of the analyte to the extraction a little more complicated than previous models. It also gives a better description of experimental observations. Moreover, the rate constant of analyte obtained is in satisfactory agreement with that obtained from the initial curve fitting.
[1] W. C. Yang, W. Hunter, F. Spurlock, J. Gan, “Bioavailability of permethrin and cyfluthrin in surface waters with low levels of dissolved organic matter,” J. Environ. Qual. Vol. 36, pp. 1678-1685, 2007.
[2] J. L. Gomez-Eyles, M. T. O. Jonker, M. E. Hodson, C. D. Collins, “Passive samplers provide a better prediction of PAH bioaccumulation in earthworms and plant roots than exhaustive, mild solvent, and cyclodextrin extractions,” Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.46, pp.962-969, 2012.
[3] A. D. Harwood, P. F. Landrum, M. J. Lydy, “Can SPME fiber and Tenax methods predict the bioavailability of biotransformed insecticides," Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.46, pp.2413-2419, 2012.
[4] P. Toscano, B. Gioli, S. Dugheri, A. Salvini, A. Matese, A. Bonacchi, A. Zaldei, V. Cupelli, F. Miglietta, “Locating industrial VOC sources with aircraft observations,” Environ. Poll. Vol.159, pp.1174-1182, 2011.
[5] M. B. Heringa, J. L. M. Hermens, “Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME),” Trends Anal. Chem. Vol.22, pp.575-587, 2003.
[6] N. I. Kramer, J. C. H. van Eijkeren, J. L. M. Hermens, “Influence of albumin on sorption kinetics in solid-phase microextraction: consequences for chemical analyses and uptake processes,” Anal. Chem. Vol.79, pp.6941-6948, 2007.
[7] K. Benhabib, R. M. Town, H. P. van Leeuwen, “Dynamic speciation analysis of atrazine in aqueous latex nanoparticle dispersions using solid phase microextraction (SPME),” Langmuir, vol.25, pp.3381-3386, 2009.
[8] Junk, G. A; Richard, J. J. “Organics in water: solid phase extraction on a small scale,” J. Anal. Chem. vol. 60, pp.451-454, 2003.
[9] E. Bolygo, N. C. Atreya, “Solid-phase extraction for multi-residue analysis of some triazole and pyrimidine pesticides in water,” Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, vol.339, pp.423-430, 1991.
[10] J. Pawliszyn, “Theory and Practice of SPME, in Solid phase Microextraxtion,” Wiley-VCH, New York, USA; 1997.
[11] C. L. Arthur, L. M. Killam, S. Motlagh, M. Lim, D. W. Potter, J. Pawliszyn, “Analysis of Substituted Benzene Compounds In Groundwater Using Solid-Phase Microextraction,” Environ. Sci. Technol. vol.26, pp. 979-983, 1992.
[12] D. Louch, S. Motlagh, J. Pawliszyn, “Dynamics of Organic Compound Extraction from Water Using Liquid-Coated Fused Silica Fibers,” Anal Chem. vol.64, pp.1187-1199, 1992.
[13] M. Chai,; Arthur, C. L.; Pawliszyn, J.; Belardi, R. P.; Pratt, K. F. “Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase microextraction,” Analyst. 1993, 188, 1501-1505.
[14] Z. Zhang, J. Pawliszyn, “Sampling Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Modified Solid Phase Microextraction Device,” J. High. Resolut. Chromatogr. Vol. 16, pp. 689-692, 1993.
[15] K Benhabib, G. Mimanne, “Optimized parameters of SMPE analysis for Atrazine and its application to measure speciation,” Appl. clay Sc. vol. 87, pp. 260,264, 2014.
[16] K. D. Buchholz, J. Pawliszyn, “Determination of Phenols by Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatographic Analysis,” Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.27, pp. 2844-2848, 1993.
[17] K. D Buchholz, J. Pawliszyn, “Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Conditions for Phenol Analysis,” J. Anal Chem. Vol 66, pp 160-167, 1994.
[18] K. Benhabib, T. L. ter Laak, H. P. van Leeuwe, “Steady-state diffusion regime in solid-phase microextraction kinetics,” Anal. Chem. Acta. pp. 113-119, 2008.
[19] K Benhabib, M Chkir, G Mimanne, “Measure the speciation by SPME technique for Atrazine,” 1st Global Conference on Enrivonmental Studies. vol.1, pp.34-37, 2013, Antalya, Turquie.
[20] Dugay J.; Miege C.; Hennion M.-C. “Effect of the various parameters governing solid-phase microextraction for the trace-determination of pesticides in water,” J. Chromatogr. vol 795, pp 27-42, 1998.
[21] J Ai, “Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Analysis in nonequilibrium situations,” Anal. Chem. Vol 69, pp 1230-1235, 1997.
[22] I Valor; J. C Molto, D. Apraiz, G. Font, “Direct solid phase microextraction for the determination of BTEX in water and wastewater,” J. Chromatogr. A. Vol 767, pp 195-203, 1997.
[23] W. H Vaes, C. Hamwijk, E. U. Ramos, H. J. M. Verhaar, J. L. M. Hermens, “Partitioning of organic chemicals to polyacrylate-coated solid phase microextrction fibers: kinetic behavior and quantitave strcture- property relationships,” Anal. Chem. Vol 68, pp 4458-4462, 1996.
[24] M. B. Heringa, J. L. M. Hermens, “Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME),” Trends. Anal. Chem. Vol 22, pp 575-587, 2003.
[25] K. Benhabib, R. M. Town, H. P. vanLeeuwen, “Dynamic speciation analysis of atrazine in aqueous latex nanoparticle dispersions using solid phase microextraction (SPME),” Langmuir, vol 25, pp 3381-3386, 2009.
[26] D. Louch; S. Motlagh; J. Pawliszyn, “Dynamics of organic compound extraction from water using liquid-coated fused silica fibers,” Anal. Chem. Vol. 64, pp 1187-1199, 1992.
[1] W. C. Yang, W. Hunter, F. Spurlock, J. Gan, “Bioavailability of permethrin and cyfluthrin in surface waters with low levels of dissolved organic matter,” J. Environ. Qual. Vol. 36, pp. 1678-1685, 2007.
[2] J. L. Gomez-Eyles, M. T. O. Jonker, M. E. Hodson, C. D. Collins, “Passive samplers provide a better prediction of PAH bioaccumulation in earthworms and plant roots than exhaustive, mild solvent, and cyclodextrin extractions,” Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.46, pp.962-969, 2012.
[3] A. D. Harwood, P. F. Landrum, M. J. Lydy, “Can SPME fiber and Tenax methods predict the bioavailability of biotransformed insecticides," Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.46, pp.2413-2419, 2012.
[4] P. Toscano, B. Gioli, S. Dugheri, A. Salvini, A. Matese, A. Bonacchi, A. Zaldei, V. Cupelli, F. Miglietta, “Locating industrial VOC sources with aircraft observations,” Environ. Poll. Vol.159, pp.1174-1182, 2011.
[5] M. B. Heringa, J. L. M. Hermens, “Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME),” Trends Anal. Chem. Vol.22, pp.575-587, 2003.
[6] N. I. Kramer, J. C. H. van Eijkeren, J. L. M. Hermens, “Influence of albumin on sorption kinetics in solid-phase microextraction: consequences for chemical analyses and uptake processes,” Anal. Chem. Vol.79, pp.6941-6948, 2007.
[7] K. Benhabib, R. M. Town, H. P. van Leeuwen, “Dynamic speciation analysis of atrazine in aqueous latex nanoparticle dispersions using solid phase microextraction (SPME),” Langmuir, vol.25, pp.3381-3386, 2009.
[8] Junk, G. A; Richard, J. J. “Organics in water: solid phase extraction on a small scale,” J. Anal. Chem. vol. 60, pp.451-454, 2003.
[9] E. Bolygo, N. C. Atreya, “Solid-phase extraction for multi-residue analysis of some triazole and pyrimidine pesticides in water,” Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, vol.339, pp.423-430, 1991.
[10] J. Pawliszyn, “Theory and Practice of SPME, in Solid phase Microextraxtion,” Wiley-VCH, New York, USA; 1997.
[11] C. L. Arthur, L. M. Killam, S. Motlagh, M. Lim, D. W. Potter, J. Pawliszyn, “Analysis of Substituted Benzene Compounds In Groundwater Using Solid-Phase Microextraction,” Environ. Sci. Technol. vol.26, pp. 979-983, 1992.
[12] D. Louch, S. Motlagh, J. Pawliszyn, “Dynamics of Organic Compound Extraction from Water Using Liquid-Coated Fused Silica Fibers,” Anal Chem. vol.64, pp.1187-1199, 1992.
[13] M. Chai,; Arthur, C. L.; Pawliszyn, J.; Belardi, R. P.; Pratt, K. F. “Determination of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in air and water with solid-phase microextraction,” Analyst. 1993, 188, 1501-1505.
[14] Z. Zhang, J. Pawliszyn, “Sampling Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Modified Solid Phase Microextraction Device,” J. High. Resolut. Chromatogr. Vol. 16, pp. 689-692, 1993.
[15] K Benhabib, G. Mimanne, “Optimized parameters of SMPE analysis for Atrazine and its application to measure speciation,” Appl. clay Sc. vol. 87, pp. 260,264, 2014.
[16] K. D. Buchholz, J. Pawliszyn, “Determination of Phenols by Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatographic Analysis,” Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol.27, pp. 2844-2848, 1993.
[17] K. D Buchholz, J. Pawliszyn, “Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Conditions for Phenol Analysis,” J. Anal Chem. Vol 66, pp 160-167, 1994.
[18] K. Benhabib, T. L. ter Laak, H. P. van Leeuwe, “Steady-state diffusion regime in solid-phase microextraction kinetics,” Anal. Chem. Acta. pp. 113-119, 2008.
[19] K Benhabib, M Chkir, G Mimanne, “Measure the speciation by SPME technique for Atrazine,” 1st Global Conference on Enrivonmental Studies. vol.1, pp.34-37, 2013, Antalya, Turquie.
[20] Dugay J.; Miege C.; Hennion M.-C. “Effect of the various parameters governing solid-phase microextraction for the trace-determination of pesticides in water,” J. Chromatogr. vol 795, pp 27-42, 1998.
[21] J Ai, “Solid Phase Microextraction for Quantitative Analysis in nonequilibrium situations,” Anal. Chem. Vol 69, pp 1230-1235, 1997.
[22] I Valor; J. C Molto, D. Apraiz, G. Font, “Direct solid phase microextraction for the determination of BTEX in water and wastewater,” J. Chromatogr. A. Vol 767, pp 195-203, 1997.
[23] W. H Vaes, C. Hamwijk, E. U. Ramos, H. J. M. Verhaar, J. L. M. Hermens, “Partitioning of organic chemicals to polyacrylate-coated solid phase microextrction fibers: kinetic behavior and quantitave strcture- property relationships,” Anal. Chem. Vol 68, pp 4458-4462, 1996.
[24] M. B. Heringa, J. L. M. Hermens, “Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME),” Trends. Anal. Chem. Vol 22, pp 575-587, 2003.
[25] K. Benhabib, R. M. Town, H. P. vanLeeuwen, “Dynamic speciation analysis of atrazine in aqueous latex nanoparticle dispersions using solid phase microextraction (SPME),” Langmuir, vol 25, pp 3381-3386, 2009.
[26] D. Louch; S. Motlagh; J. Pawliszyn, “Dynamics of organic compound extraction from water using liquid-coated fused silica fibers,” Anal. Chem. Vol. 64, pp 1187-1199, 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:77534", author = "K. Benhabib and X. Pierens and V-D Nguyen and G. Mimanne", title = "Speciation Analysis by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Application to Atrazine", abstract = "The main hypothesis of the dynamics of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is that steady-state mass transfer is respected throughout the SPME extraction process. It considers steady-state diffusion is established in the two phases and fast exchange of the analyte at the solid phase film/water interface. An improved model is proposed in this paper to handle with the situation when the analyte (atrazine) is in contact with colloid suspensions (carboxylate latex in aqueous solution). A mathematical solution is obtained by substituting the diffusion coefficient by the mean of diffusion coefficient between analyte and carboxylate latex, and also thickness layer by the mean thickness in aqueous solution. This solution provides an equation relating the extracted amount of the analyte to the extraction a little more complicated than previous models. It also gives a better description of experimental observations. Moreover, the rate constant of analyte obtained is in satisfactory agreement with that obtained from the initial curve fitting.
", keywords = "Pesticide, SPME methods, polyacrylate, steady state.", volume = "12", number = "7", pages = "466-4", }
