Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jujube Fruit

In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of jujube fruits, were measured and compared at constant moisture content of 15.5% w.b. The results showed that the mean length, width and thickness of jujube fruits were 18.88, 16.79 and 15.9 mm, respectively. The mean projected areas of jujube perpendicular to length, width, and thickness were 147.01, 224.08 and 274.60 mm2, respectively. The mean mass and volume were 1.51 g and 2672.80 mm3, respectively. The arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter and equivalent diameter varied from 14.53 to 20 mm, 14.5 to 19.94 mm, and 14.52 to 19.97 mm, respectively. The sphericity, aspect ratio and surface area of jujube fruits were 0.91, 0.89 and 926.28 mm2, respectively. Whole fruit density, bulk density and porosity of jujube fruits were measured and found to be 1.52 g/cm3, 0.3 g/cm3 and 79.3%, respectively. The angle of repose of jujube fruit was 14.66° (±0.58°). The static coefficient of friction on galvanized iron steel was higher than that on plywood and lower than that on glass surface. The values of rupture force, deformation, hardness and energy absorbed were found to be between 11.13-19.91N, 2.53- 4.82mm, 3.06-5.81N mm and 20.13-39.08 N/mm, respectively.

Authors:

• D. Zare
• H. Safiyari
• F. Salmanizade

Keywords:

• Mechanical and Physical properties
• Jujube fruits
• friction coefficient

References:

[1] P. Sirisomboon, P. Kitchaiya, T.Pholpho, W. Mahuttanyavanitch,
"Physical and mechanical properties of Jatropha curcas L. fruits, nuts
and kernels," J. Food Eng., vol. 97, pp. 201-207, 2007
[2] I. Ozturk, S. Ercisli, M. Kara, "Chosen physical properties of olive
cultivars (Olea europaea L.)," Int. Agrophysics, vol. 23, pp. 309-312,
2009.
[3] A. Koocheki, S.M.A. Razavi, E. Milani, T.M. Moghadan, M. Abedini,
S. Alamatiyan, "Physical properties of watermelon seed as a function of
moisture content and variety," Int. Agrophysics, vol. 21: pp. 349-359,
2007.
[4] M. Keramat Jahromi, A. Jafari, S. Rafiee, A.R. Keyhani, R. Mirasheh,
and S.S. Mohtasebi, "Determining some physical properties of date fruit
(cv. Lasht)," Agric. Eng. Int.: the CIGR Ejournal. Manuscript FP 07
019, IX, 2007.
[5] R. M., Davies. "Some physical properties of arigo seeds". Int.
Agrophysics, vol. 24, pp. 89-92, 2010.
[6] E. Altuntas, M. Yildiz, "Effect of moisture content on some physical and
mechanical properties of faba bean (Viciafaba L.) grains,". J. Food Eng.,
vol. 78, pp.174-183, 2007.
[7] S. Ercisli, I. Ozturk, M. Kara, F. Kalkan, H. Seker, O. Duyar, Y. Erturk,
"Physical properties of hazelnuts," Int. Agrophysics, vol. 25, pp. 115-
121, 2011.
[8] K. Peleg, "Produce handling, packaging and distribution," The AVI
Publ. Comp., Inc., Westport, CT, 1985.
[9] P.C. Correa, F. Schwanz da Silva, C. Jaren, P.C. Afonso J├║nior, I.
Arana, "Physical and mechanical properties in rice processing," J. Food
Eng., vol. 79, pp. 137-142, 2007.
[10] M. Nazari Galedar, A. Tabatabaeefar, A. Jafari, A. Sharifi, M.J.
O-Dogherty, S., Rafee, G. Richard, "Effects of moisture content and
level in the crop on the engineering properties of alfalfa stems," Biosys.
Eng., vol. 101(2), pp. 199-208, 2008.
[11] N.N. Mohsenin, "Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials,"
Gordon& Breach, New York, USA, 1996.
[12] K. Sacilik, R. Öztürk, R. Keskin, "Some physical properties of hemp
seed,". Biosys. Eng., vol. 86(2), pp. 191-198, 2003.