Simultaneously Reduction of NOx and Soot Emissions in a DI Heavy Duty diesel Engine Operating at High Cooled EGR Rates
One promising way to achieve low temperature
combustion regime is the use of a large amount of cooled EGR. In
this paper, the effect of injection timing on low temperature
combustion process and emissions were investigated via three
dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedures in a DI
diesel engine using high EGR rates. The results show when
increasing EGR from low levels to levels corresponding to reduced
temperature combustion, soot emission after first increasing, is
decreased beyond 40% EGR and get the lowest value at 58% EGR
rate. Soot and NOx emissions are simultaneously decreased at
advanced injection timing before 20.5 ºCA BTDC in conjunction
with 58% cooled EGR rate in compared to baseline case.
[1] Ryan, T. W., Callahan, T. J. "Homogeneous Charge Compression
Ignition of Diesel Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 961160, 1996.
[2] Dec, J. E. "A computational study of the effects of low fuel loading and
EGR on heat release rates and combustion limits in HCCI engines." SAE
Paper. NO. 2002-01-1309, 2002.
[3] Hosseini, V. W Stuart Neill, Wally L. Chippior. "Influence of Engine
Speed on HCCI Combustion Characteristics using Dual-Stage
Autoignition Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 2009-01-1107, 2009.
[4] Lee, C. S., Lee, K. H., and Kim, D. S. "Experimental and Numerical
Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Partially Premixed Charge
Compression Ignition Engine With Dual Fuel." Fuel, NO.82, pp. 553-
560 , 2003.
[5] Kanda, T., Hakozaki, T., Uchimoto, T., Hatano, J., Kitayama, N., and
Sono, H. "PCCI Operation with Early Injection of Conventional Diesel
Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 2005-01-0378, 2005.
[6] Sasaki, S., Ito, T. and Iguchi, S., "Smoke-less Rich Combustion by Low
Temperature Oxidation in Diesel Engines", 9. Aachen Colloquium
Automobile and Engine Technology 2000, 767, 2000.
[7] Akihama, K., Takatori, Y., Inagaki, K., Sasaki, S., and Dean, A. M.
"Mechanism of the Smokeless Rich Diesel Combustion by Reducing
Temperature." SAE Paper, NO. 2001-01-0655, 2001.
[8] Bianchi, G.M., Cazzoli, G., Pelloni, P. and Corcione, F. E., "Numerical
Study Towards Smoke-Less and NOx-Less HSDI Diesel Engine
Combustion", SAE Paper, NO. 2002-01-1115, 2002.
[9] Amsden A.A., O-Rourke P.J., Butler T.D. "KIVA ll: a computer
program for chemically reactive flows with sprays." Los Alamos
National Laboratory, NO. LA-11560-MS, 1989.
[10] Han Z., Reits R.D. "Turbulence modelling of internal combustion engine
using RNG k-╬Á models." Combustion Science Technology, in press.
[11] Beale, J.C., and Reitz, R.D. "Modeling Spray Atomization with the
Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model." Atomization and
Sprays, NO. 9, pp. 623-650, 1999.
[12] Dukowicz, J.K. "Quasi-Steady Droplet Phase Change In the Presence of
Convection." Informal Report Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory,
LA7997-MS, 1979.
[13] S Halstead, M., Kirsch, L. and Quinn, C., "The Auto Ignition of
Hydrocarbon Fueled at High Temperatures and Pressures-Fitting of a
Mathematical Model." Combustion Flame, NO. 30, pp. 45-60, 1977.
[14] Versteeg, Malalasekera, An Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics. Mc Grow- Hill Book Company, ISBN 964-454-375-
0, 1995.
[15] Zeldovich, Y. B., Sadovnikov, P. Y. and Frank Kamenetskii, D. A.
"Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion." Translation by M. Shelef,
Academy of Sciences of USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow-
Leningrad, 1947.
[16] Kong, S.-C., Sun, Y., and Reitz, R. D. "Modeling Diesel Spray Flame
Lift-Off, Sooting Tendency and NOx Emissions Using Detailed
Chemistry with Phenomenological Soot Model." ASME J. Eng. Gas
Turbines Power, 2007.
[17] Rutland, C. J., Ayoub, N. Z., Han, Z., et al., "Diesel engine model and
development and experiments." SAE Paper, NO. 951200, 1995.
[18] Ciajolo, A., d-Anna, A., Barbella, R., Tregrossi, A and Violi, A. "The
Effect of Temperature on Soot Inception in Premixed Ethylene Flames.",
Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The
Combustion Institute, 1996.
[19] Lee S., Gonzalez M.A., Reitz R.D., "Stoichiometric combustion in a
HSDI diesel engine to allow use of a three-way exhaust catalyst.", SAE
Paper, NO. 2006-01-1148, 2006.
[20] Baumgarten, Carsten. Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion
Engines. Springer Publications, 2006.
[1] Ryan, T. W., Callahan, T. J. "Homogeneous Charge Compression
Ignition of Diesel Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 961160, 1996.
[2] Dec, J. E. "A computational study of the effects of low fuel loading and
EGR on heat release rates and combustion limits in HCCI engines." SAE
Paper. NO. 2002-01-1309, 2002.
[3] Hosseini, V. W Stuart Neill, Wally L. Chippior. "Influence of Engine
Speed on HCCI Combustion Characteristics using Dual-Stage
Autoignition Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 2009-01-1107, 2009.
[4] Lee, C. S., Lee, K. H., and Kim, D. S. "Experimental and Numerical
Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Partially Premixed Charge
Compression Ignition Engine With Dual Fuel." Fuel, NO.82, pp. 553-
560 , 2003.
[5] Kanda, T., Hakozaki, T., Uchimoto, T., Hatano, J., Kitayama, N., and
Sono, H. "PCCI Operation with Early Injection of Conventional Diesel
Fuel." SAE Paper, NO. 2005-01-0378, 2005.
[6] Sasaki, S., Ito, T. and Iguchi, S., "Smoke-less Rich Combustion by Low
Temperature Oxidation in Diesel Engines", 9. Aachen Colloquium
Automobile and Engine Technology 2000, 767, 2000.
[7] Akihama, K., Takatori, Y., Inagaki, K., Sasaki, S., and Dean, A. M.
"Mechanism of the Smokeless Rich Diesel Combustion by Reducing
Temperature." SAE Paper, NO. 2001-01-0655, 2001.
[8] Bianchi, G.M., Cazzoli, G., Pelloni, P. and Corcione, F. E., "Numerical
Study Towards Smoke-Less and NOx-Less HSDI Diesel Engine
Combustion", SAE Paper, NO. 2002-01-1115, 2002.
[9] Amsden A.A., O-Rourke P.J., Butler T.D. "KIVA ll: a computer
program for chemically reactive flows with sprays." Los Alamos
National Laboratory, NO. LA-11560-MS, 1989.
[10] Han Z., Reits R.D. "Turbulence modelling of internal combustion engine
using RNG k-╬Á models." Combustion Science Technology, in press.
[11] Beale, J.C., and Reitz, R.D. "Modeling Spray Atomization with the
Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor Hybrid Model." Atomization and
Sprays, NO. 9, pp. 623-650, 1999.
[12] Dukowicz, J.K. "Quasi-Steady Droplet Phase Change In the Presence of
Convection." Informal Report Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory,
LA7997-MS, 1979.
[13] S Halstead, M., Kirsch, L. and Quinn, C., "The Auto Ignition of
Hydrocarbon Fueled at High Temperatures and Pressures-Fitting of a
Mathematical Model." Combustion Flame, NO. 30, pp. 45-60, 1977.
[14] Versteeg, Malalasekera, An Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics. Mc Grow- Hill Book Company, ISBN 964-454-375-
0, 1995.
[15] Zeldovich, Y. B., Sadovnikov, P. Y. and Frank Kamenetskii, D. A.
"Oxidation of Nitrogen in Combustion." Translation by M. Shelef,
Academy of Sciences of USSR, Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow-
Leningrad, 1947.
[16] Kong, S.-C., Sun, Y., and Reitz, R. D. "Modeling Diesel Spray Flame
Lift-Off, Sooting Tendency and NOx Emissions Using Detailed
Chemistry with Phenomenological Soot Model." ASME J. Eng. Gas
Turbines Power, 2007.
[17] Rutland, C. J., Ayoub, N. Z., Han, Z., et al., "Diesel engine model and
development and experiments." SAE Paper, NO. 951200, 1995.
[18] Ciajolo, A., d-Anna, A., Barbella, R., Tregrossi, A and Violi, A. "The
Effect of Temperature on Soot Inception in Premixed Ethylene Flames.",
Twenty-Sixth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The
Combustion Institute, 1996.
[19] Lee S., Gonzalez M.A., Reitz R.D., "Stoichiometric combustion in a
HSDI diesel engine to allow use of a three-way exhaust catalyst.", SAE
Paper, NO. 2006-01-1148, 2006.
[20] Baumgarten, Carsten. Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion
Engines. Springer Publications, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:60121", author = "Sh. Khalilarya and S. Jafarmadar and H. Khatamnezhad and Gh. Javadirad and M. Pourfallah", title = "Simultaneously Reduction of NOx and Soot Emissions in a DI Heavy Duty diesel Engine Operating at High Cooled EGR Rates", abstract = "One promising way to achieve low temperature
combustion regime is the use of a large amount of cooled EGR. In
this paper, the effect of injection timing on low temperature
combustion process and emissions were investigated via three
dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedures in a DI
diesel engine using high EGR rates. The results show when
increasing EGR from low levels to levels corresponding to reduced
temperature combustion, soot emission after first increasing, is
decreased beyond 40% EGR and get the lowest value at 58% EGR
rate. Soot and NOx emissions are simultaneously decreased at
advanced injection timing before 20.5 ºCA BTDC in conjunction
with 58% cooled EGR rate in compared to baseline case.", keywords = "Diesel Engine, Low Temperature Combustion, High Cooled EGR Rates, Combustion, Emissions", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "1874-9", }
