Separation of Hazardous Brominated Plastics from Waste Plastics by Froth Flotation after Surface Modification with Mild Heat-Treatment
This study evaluated to facilitate separation of ABS
plastics from other waste plastics by froth flotation after surface
hydrophilization of ABS with heat treatment. The mild heat treatment
at 100oC for 60s could selectively increase the hydrophilicity of the
ABS plastics surface (i.e., ABS contact angle decreased from 79o to
65.8o) among other plastics mixture. The SEM and XPS results of
plastic samples sufficiently supported the increase in hydrophilic
functional groups and decrease contact angle on ABS surface, after
heat treatment. As a result of the froth flotation (at mixing speed 150
rpm and airflow rate 0.3 L/min) after heat treatment, about 85% of
ABS was selectively separated from other heavy plastics with 100%
of purity. The effect of optimum treatment condition and detailed
mechanism onto separation efficiency in the froth floatation was also
investigated. This research is successful in giving a simple, effective,
and inexpensive method for ABS separation from waste plastics.
[1] F. Burat, A. Güney, M. O. Kangal, Selective separation of virgin and
post-consumer polymers (PET and PVC) by flotation method, Waste
Management, 29 (2009) 1807–1813.
[2] I. C. Nnorom, O. Osibanjo, Sound management of brominated flame
retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and
options in Nigeria, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52 (2008)
1362–1372.
[3] Flame retardants & PVC in electronics, in: Green Chemistry Vs Toxic
Technology, Electronics TakeBack Coalition, A Project of the Tides
Center, http://www.electronicstakeback.com/toxics-in-electronics/flameretardants-
pvc-and-electronics/.
[4] P. A. Wäger, R. Hischier, Life cycle assessment of post-consumer
plastics production from waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) treatment residues in a Central European plastics recycling
plant, Science of The Total Environment, 529 (2015) 158–167.
[5] R. C. Thompson, C. J. Moore, F. S. vom Saal, S. H. Swan, Plastics, the
environment and human health: current consensus and future trends,
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364 (2009) 2153–
2166.
[6] P. M. Subramanian, Plastics recycling and waste management in the US,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 28 (2000) 253-263.
[7] J. Hopewell, R. Dvorak, E. Kosior, Plastics recycling: challenges and
opportunities, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, 364 (2009) 2115-2126.
[8] S. M. Al-Salem, P. Lettieri, J. Baeyens, Recycling and recovery routes
of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review, Waste Management, 29 (2009)
2625–2643.
[9] O. O. Leah, B.. M. van Vliet, A. P. J. Mol, Managing plastic waste in
East Africa: Niche innovations in plastic production and solid waste,
Habitat International, 48 (2015) 188–197.
[10] Korea Environmental Corporation, Present situation of waste generation
and treatment, (2013).
[11] C. Wang, H. Wang, Q. Liu, J. Fu, Y. Liu, Separation of polycarbonate
and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene waste plastics by froth flotation
combined with ammonia pretreatment, Waste Management, 34 (2014)
2656-2661.
[12] S. Pongstabodee, N. Kunachitpimol, S. Damronglerd, Combination of
threestage sink-float method and selective flotation technique for
separation of mixed post-consumer plastic waste, Waste Management,
28 (2008) 475-483.
[13] R. D. Pascoe, Investigation of hydrocyclones for the separation of
shredded fridge plastics, Waste Management, 26 (2006) 1126-1132.
[14] D. S. Achilias, C. Roupakias, P. Megalokonomos, A. A. Lappas, E. V.
Antonakou, Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from
polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP), Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 149 (2007) 536-542.
[15] G. Pappa, C. Boukouvalas, C. Giannaris, N. Ntaras, V. Zografos, K.
Magoulas, A. Lygeros, D. Tassios, The selective
dissolution/precipitation technique for polymer recycling: a pilot unit
application, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 34 (2001) 33-44.
[16] M. S. Reddy, T. Okuda, K. Kurose, T. Y. Tsai, S. Nakai, W. Nishijima,
M. Okada, Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation
from waste plastic mixture by froth fl oatation, Journal of Material
Cycles and Waste Management 12 (2010) 326–331.
[17] M. S. Reddy, T.Yamaguchi, T. Okuda, T. Y.Tsai, S. Nakai, W.
Nishijima, M. Okada, Feasibility study of the separation of chlorinated
films from plastic packaging wastes, Waste Management, 30 (2010)
597–601.
[18] H. Wang, X. L. Chen, Y. Bai, C. Guo, Z. Li, Application of dissolved air
flotation on separation of waste plastics ABS and PS, Waste
Management, 32 (2012) 1297–1305.
[19] T. Takoungsakdakun, S. Pongstabodee, Separation of mixed postconsumer
PET–POM–PVC plastic waste using selective flotation,
Separation and Purification Technology, 54 (2007) 248–252.
[20] S. Bigot, G. Louarn, N. Kébir, F. Burel, Facile grafting of bioactive
cellulose derivativesonto PVC surfaces, Appl. Surf. Sci., 283 (2013)
411-416.
[21] N. Fraunholcz, Separation of waste plastics by froth flotation-a review,
Part I, Minerals Engineering, 17 (2004) 261-268.
[22] H. Alter, The recovery of plastics from waste with reference to froth
flotation, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 43 (2005) 119-132.
[23] H. Shen, E. Forssburg, R.J. Pugh, Selective flotation separation of
polymers by particle control, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 33
(2001) 37-50.
[24] K. Kojio, S. Kugumia, Y. Uchiba, Y. Nishino, M. Furukaw, The
microphase-separated structure of polyurethane bulk and thin films,
Polymer Journal, 41 (2009) 118-124.
[25] S. Bigot, G. Louarn, N. Kébir, F. Burel, Facile grafting of bioactive
cellulose derivativesonto PVC surfaces, Applied Surface Science, 283
(2013) 411-416.
[26] R. D. Pascoe, B. O'Connell, Flame treatment for the selective wetting
and separation of PVC and PET, Waste Management, 23 (2003) 845-850.
[27] M. S. Reddy, K. Kurose, T. Okuda, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from automobile shredder residue (ASR) by
froth flotation with ozonation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147
(2007) 1051-1055.
[28] M. S. Reddy, K. Kurose, T. Okuda, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Selective
recovery of PVC-free polymers from ASR polymers by ozonation and
froth flotation, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 52 (2008) 941-
946.
[29] T. Okuda, K. Kurose, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation of polyvinyl
chloride from plastic mixture by froth flotation after surface
modification with ozone, Ozone: Science and Engineering, 29 (2007)
373-377.
[30] K. Kurose, T. Okuda, S. Nakai, T.-Y. Tsai, W. Nishijima, M. Okada,
Hydrophilization of polyvinyl chloride surface by ozonation, Surface
Review and Letters, 15 (2008) 711-715.
[31] C. Q. Wang, H. Wang, B. X. Wu, Q. Liu, Boiling treatment of ABS and
PS plastics for flotation separation, Waste Management, 34 (2014) 1206-
1210.
[1] F. Burat, A. Güney, M. O. Kangal, Selective separation of virgin and
post-consumer polymers (PET and PVC) by flotation method, Waste
Management, 29 (2009) 1807–1813.
[2] I. C. Nnorom, O. Osibanjo, Sound management of brominated flame
retarded (BFR) plastics from electronic wastes: State of the art and
options in Nigeria, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 52 (2008)
1362–1372.
[3] Flame retardants & PVC in electronics, in: Green Chemistry Vs Toxic
Technology, Electronics TakeBack Coalition, A Project of the Tides
Center, http://www.electronicstakeback.com/toxics-in-electronics/flameretardants-
pvc-and-electronics/.
[4] P. A. Wäger, R. Hischier, Life cycle assessment of post-consumer
plastics production from waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) treatment residues in a Central European plastics recycling
plant, Science of The Total Environment, 529 (2015) 158–167.
[5] R. C. Thompson, C. J. Moore, F. S. vom Saal, S. H. Swan, Plastics, the
environment and human health: current consensus and future trends,
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364 (2009) 2153–
2166.
[6] P. M. Subramanian, Plastics recycling and waste management in the US,
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 28 (2000) 253-263.
[7] J. Hopewell, R. Dvorak, E. Kosior, Plastics recycling: challenges and
opportunities, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, 364 (2009) 2115-2126.
[8] S. M. Al-Salem, P. Lettieri, J. Baeyens, Recycling and recovery routes
of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review, Waste Management, 29 (2009)
2625–2643.
[9] O. O. Leah, B.. M. van Vliet, A. P. J. Mol, Managing plastic waste in
East Africa: Niche innovations in plastic production and solid waste,
Habitat International, 48 (2015) 188–197.
[10] Korea Environmental Corporation, Present situation of waste generation
and treatment, (2013).
[11] C. Wang, H. Wang, Q. Liu, J. Fu, Y. Liu, Separation of polycarbonate
and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene waste plastics by froth flotation
combined with ammonia pretreatment, Waste Management, 34 (2014)
2656-2661.
[12] S. Pongstabodee, N. Kunachitpimol, S. Damronglerd, Combination of
threestage sink-float method and selective flotation technique for
separation of mixed post-consumer plastic waste, Waste Management,
28 (2008) 475-483.
[13] R. D. Pascoe, Investigation of hydrocyclones for the separation of
shredded fridge plastics, Waste Management, 26 (2006) 1126-1132.
[14] D. S. Achilias, C. Roupakias, P. Megalokonomos, A. A. Lappas, E. V.
Antonakou, Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from
polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP), Journal of
Hazardous Materials, 149 (2007) 536-542.
[15] G. Pappa, C. Boukouvalas, C. Giannaris, N. Ntaras, V. Zografos, K.
Magoulas, A. Lygeros, D. Tassios, The selective
dissolution/precipitation technique for polymer recycling: a pilot unit
application, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 34 (2001) 33-44.
[16] M. S. Reddy, T. Okuda, K. Kurose, T. Y. Tsai, S. Nakai, W. Nishijima,
M. Okada, Surface ozonation of polyvinyl chloride for its separation
from waste plastic mixture by froth fl oatation, Journal of Material
Cycles and Waste Management 12 (2010) 326–331.
[17] M. S. Reddy, T.Yamaguchi, T. Okuda, T. Y.Tsai, S. Nakai, W.
Nishijima, M. Okada, Feasibility study of the separation of chlorinated
films from plastic packaging wastes, Waste Management, 30 (2010)
597–601.
[18] H. Wang, X. L. Chen, Y. Bai, C. Guo, Z. Li, Application of dissolved air
flotation on separation of waste plastics ABS and PS, Waste
Management, 32 (2012) 1297–1305.
[19] T. Takoungsakdakun, S. Pongstabodee, Separation of mixed postconsumer
PET–POM–PVC plastic waste using selective flotation,
Separation and Purification Technology, 54 (2007) 248–252.
[20] S. Bigot, G. Louarn, N. Kébir, F. Burel, Facile grafting of bioactive
cellulose derivativesonto PVC surfaces, Appl. Surf. Sci., 283 (2013)
411-416.
[21] N. Fraunholcz, Separation of waste plastics by froth flotation-a review,
Part I, Minerals Engineering, 17 (2004) 261-268.
[22] H. Alter, The recovery of plastics from waste with reference to froth
flotation, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 43 (2005) 119-132.
[23] H. Shen, E. Forssburg, R.J. Pugh, Selective flotation separation of
polymers by particle control, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 33
(2001) 37-50.
[24] K. Kojio, S. Kugumia, Y. Uchiba, Y. Nishino, M. Furukaw, The
microphase-separated structure of polyurethane bulk and thin films,
Polymer Journal, 41 (2009) 118-124.
[25] S. Bigot, G. Louarn, N. Kébir, F. Burel, Facile grafting of bioactive
cellulose derivativesonto PVC surfaces, Applied Surface Science, 283
(2013) 411-416.
[26] R. D. Pascoe, B. O'Connell, Flame treatment for the selective wetting
and separation of PVC and PET, Waste Management, 23 (2003) 845-850.
[27] M. S. Reddy, K. Kurose, T. Okuda, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation
of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from automobile shredder residue (ASR) by
froth flotation with ozonation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147
(2007) 1051-1055.
[28] M. S. Reddy, K. Kurose, T. Okuda, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Selective
recovery of PVC-free polymers from ASR polymers by ozonation and
froth flotation, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 52 (2008) 941-
946.
[29] T. Okuda, K. Kurose, W. Nishijima, M. Okada, Separation of polyvinyl
chloride from plastic mixture by froth flotation after surface
modification with ozone, Ozone: Science and Engineering, 29 (2007)
373-377.
[30] K. Kurose, T. Okuda, S. Nakai, T.-Y. Tsai, W. Nishijima, M. Okada,
Hydrophilization of polyvinyl chloride surface by ozonation, Surface
Review and Letters, 15 (2008) 711-715.
[31] C. Q. Wang, H. Wang, B. X. Wu, Q. Liu, Boiling treatment of ABS and
PS plastics for flotation separation, Waste Management, 34 (2014) 1206-
1210.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:71673", author = "Nguyen Thi Thanh Truc and Chi-Hyeon Lee and Byeong-Kyu Lee and Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati", title = "Separation of Hazardous Brominated Plastics from Waste Plastics by Froth Flotation after Surface Modification with Mild Heat-Treatment", abstract = "This study evaluated to facilitate separation of ABS
plastics from other waste plastics by froth flotation after surface
hydrophilization of ABS with heat treatment. The mild heat treatment
at 100oC for 60s could selectively increase the hydrophilicity of the
ABS plastics surface (i.e., ABS contact angle decreased from 79o to
65.8o) among other plastics mixture. The SEM and XPS results of
plastic samples sufficiently supported the increase in hydrophilic
functional groups and decrease contact angle on ABS surface, after
heat treatment. As a result of the froth flotation (at mixing speed 150
rpm and airflow rate 0.3 L/min) after heat treatment, about 85% of
ABS was selectively separated from other heavy plastics with 100%
of purity. The effect of optimum treatment condition and detailed
mechanism onto separation efficiency in the froth floatation was also
investigated. This research is successful in giving a simple, effective,
and inexpensive method for ABS separation from waste plastics.", keywords = "ABS, hydrophilic, heat treatment, froth flotation,
contact angle.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "1380-4", }
