SEM and AFM Investigations of Surface Defects and Tool Wear of Multilayers Coated Carbide Inserts
Coated tool inserts can be considered as the backbone
of machining processes due to their wear and heat resistance.
However, defects of coating can degrade the integrity of these inserts
and the number of these defects should be minimized or eliminated if
possible. Recently, the advancement of coating processes and
analytical tools open a new era for optimizing the coating tools.
First, an overview is given regarding coating technology for cutting
tool inserts. Testing techniques for coating layers properties, as well
as the various coating defects and their assessment are also surveyed.
Second, it is introduced an experimental approach to examine the
possible coating defects and flaws of worn multicoated carbide
inserts using two important techniques namely scanning electron
microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Finally, it is
recommended a simple procedure for investigating manufacturing
defects and flaws of worn inserts.
[1] M.S. Srikant Nekkanty, "Characterization of damage & optimization of
thin film coatings on ductile substrates," Ph. D, Industrial& Systems
Engineering Program, The Ohio State University, 2009.
[2] J. J. Roa, et al., "Study of the friction, adhesion and mechanical
properties of single crystals, ceramics and ceramic coatings by AFM,"
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.
[3] Jan-Erik Schmutz, et al., "Measuring wear by combining friction force
and dynamic force microscopy," Wear, vol. 268, pp. 526-532, 2010.
[4] S Carrera, et al., "Performance of CrN/MoS2 (Ti) coatings for high wear
low friction applications," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 167,
pp. 25-32, 2003.
[5] MR Begley, et al., "Analysis of a wedge impression test for measuring
the interface toughness between films/coatings and ductile substrates,"
Acta Materialia, vol. 48, pp. 3211-3220, 2000.
[6] DC Agrawal and R Raj, "Measurement of the ultimate shear strength of
a metal-ceramic interface," Acta Metallurgica, vol. 37, pp. 1265-1270,
1989.
[7] A Persson, et al., "Influence of deposition temperature and time during
PVD coating of CrN on corrosive wear in liquid aluminium," Surface
and Coatings Technology, vol. 146, pp. 42-47, 2001.
[8] M Cekada, et al., "SEM study of defects in PVD hard coatings,"
Vacuum, vol. 82, pp. 252-256, 2007.
[9] S Creasey, et al., "SEM image analysis of droplet formation during
metal ion etching by a steered arc discharge," Surface and Coatings
Technology, vol. 97, pp. 163-175, 1997.
[10] P Panjan, et al., "SEM study of defects in PVD hard coatings using
focused ion beam milling," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 202,
pp. 2302-2305, 2008.
[11] M Huang, et al., "Macro-particle reduction mechanism in biased arc ion
plating of TiN," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 176, pp. 109-
114, 2003.
[12] Y Taki, et al., "Shielded arc ion plating and structural characterization of
amorphous carbon nitride thin films," Thin Solid Films, vol. 304, pp.
183-190, 1997.
[13] Y Taki, et al., "Amorphous carbon nitride hard coatings by multistep
shielded arc ion plating," Jpn. J. Appi. Phys. Vol, vol. 36, pp. 4901-
4906, 1997.
[14] Y Taki, et al., "Preparation of diamond-like carbon thin films by
shielded arc ion plating," Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 16,
pp. 553-556, 1997.
[15] J Vetter, et al., "Growth effects in carbon coatings deposited by
magnetron sputtering," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 168, pp.
169-178, 2003.
[16] A Anders, "Approaches to rid cathodic arc plasmas of macro-and
nanoparticles: a review," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 120,
pp. 319-330, 1999.
[17] SG Harris, et al., "Reducing the macroparticle content of cathodic arc
evaporated TiN coatings," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 183,
pp. 283-294, 2004.
[18] S. E. Oraby and D. R. Hayhurst, "Tool life determination based on the
measurement of wear and tool force ratio variation," International
Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 44, pp. 1261-1269,
2004.
[19] C Baur, et al., "Nanoparticle manipulation by mechanical pushing:
underlying phenomena and real-time monitoring," Nanotechnology, vol.
9, p. 360, 1998.
[20] Andreas Ebner, et al., "Recognition Imaging Using Atomic Force
Microscopy," in Handbook of Single-Molecule Biophysics, P.
Hinterdorfer and A. Oijen, Eds., ed: Springer New York, 2009, pp. 525-
554.
[21] P Hinterdorfer and A Van Oijen, Handbook of single-molecule
biophysics: Springer Verlag, 2009.
[22] Egbert Oesterschulze, "Recent developments of probes for scanning
probe microscopy," in Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics. vol.
Volume 118, W. H. Peter, Ed., ed: Elsevier, 2001, pp. 129-206.
[23] D. Brabazon and A. Raffer, "Advanced Characterization Techniques for
Nanostructures," in Emerging Nanotechnologies for Manufacturing, A.
Waqar and J. J. Mark, Eds., ed Boston: William Andrew Publishing,
2010, pp. 59-91.
[24] Pieter Samyn, et al., "Evaluation of morphology and deposits on worn
polyimide/graphite composite surfaces by contact-mode AFM," Wear,
vol. 270, pp. 57-72, 2010.
[1] M.S. Srikant Nekkanty, "Characterization of damage & optimization of
thin film coatings on ductile substrates," Ph. D, Industrial& Systems
Engineering Program, The Ohio State University, 2009.
[2] J. J. Roa, et al., "Study of the friction, adhesion and mechanical
properties of single crystals, ceramics and ceramic coatings by AFM,"
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.
[3] Jan-Erik Schmutz, et al., "Measuring wear by combining friction force
and dynamic force microscopy," Wear, vol. 268, pp. 526-532, 2010.
[4] S Carrera, et al., "Performance of CrN/MoS2 (Ti) coatings for high wear
low friction applications," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 167,
pp. 25-32, 2003.
[5] MR Begley, et al., "Analysis of a wedge impression test for measuring
the interface toughness between films/coatings and ductile substrates,"
Acta Materialia, vol. 48, pp. 3211-3220, 2000.
[6] DC Agrawal and R Raj, "Measurement of the ultimate shear strength of
a metal-ceramic interface," Acta Metallurgica, vol. 37, pp. 1265-1270,
1989.
[7] A Persson, et al., "Influence of deposition temperature and time during
PVD coating of CrN on corrosive wear in liquid aluminium," Surface
and Coatings Technology, vol. 146, pp. 42-47, 2001.
[8] M Cekada, et al., "SEM study of defects in PVD hard coatings,"
Vacuum, vol. 82, pp. 252-256, 2007.
[9] S Creasey, et al., "SEM image analysis of droplet formation during
metal ion etching by a steered arc discharge," Surface and Coatings
Technology, vol. 97, pp. 163-175, 1997.
[10] P Panjan, et al., "SEM study of defects in PVD hard coatings using
focused ion beam milling," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 202,
pp. 2302-2305, 2008.
[11] M Huang, et al., "Macro-particle reduction mechanism in biased arc ion
plating of TiN," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 176, pp. 109-
114, 2003.
[12] Y Taki, et al., "Shielded arc ion plating and structural characterization of
amorphous carbon nitride thin films," Thin Solid Films, vol. 304, pp.
183-190, 1997.
[13] Y Taki, et al., "Amorphous carbon nitride hard coatings by multistep
shielded arc ion plating," Jpn. J. Appi. Phys. Vol, vol. 36, pp. 4901-
4906, 1997.
[14] Y Taki, et al., "Preparation of diamond-like carbon thin films by
shielded arc ion plating," Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 16,
pp. 553-556, 1997.
[15] J Vetter, et al., "Growth effects in carbon coatings deposited by
magnetron sputtering," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 168, pp.
169-178, 2003.
[16] A Anders, "Approaches to rid cathodic arc plasmas of macro-and
nanoparticles: a review," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 120,
pp. 319-330, 1999.
[17] SG Harris, et al., "Reducing the macroparticle content of cathodic arc
evaporated TiN coatings," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 183,
pp. 283-294, 2004.
[18] S. E. Oraby and D. R. Hayhurst, "Tool life determination based on the
measurement of wear and tool force ratio variation," International
Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, vol. 44, pp. 1261-1269,
2004.
[19] C Baur, et al., "Nanoparticle manipulation by mechanical pushing:
underlying phenomena and real-time monitoring," Nanotechnology, vol.
9, p. 360, 1998.
[20] Andreas Ebner, et al., "Recognition Imaging Using Atomic Force
Microscopy," in Handbook of Single-Molecule Biophysics, P.
Hinterdorfer and A. Oijen, Eds., ed: Springer New York, 2009, pp. 525-
554.
[21] P Hinterdorfer and A Van Oijen, Handbook of single-molecule
biophysics: Springer Verlag, 2009.
[22] Egbert Oesterschulze, "Recent developments of probes for scanning
probe microscopy," in Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics. vol.
Volume 118, W. H. Peter, Ed., ed: Elsevier, 2001, pp. 129-206.
[23] D. Brabazon and A. Raffer, "Advanced Characterization Techniques for
Nanostructures," in Emerging Nanotechnologies for Manufacturing, A.
Waqar and J. J. Mark, Eds., ed Boston: William Andrew Publishing,
2010, pp. 59-91.
[24] Pieter Samyn, et al., "Evaluation of morphology and deposits on worn
polyimide/graphite composite surfaces by contact-mode AFM," Wear,
vol. 270, pp. 57-72, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:54148", author = "Ayman M. Alaskari and Samy E. Oraby and Abdulla I. Almazrouee", title = "SEM and AFM Investigations of Surface Defects and Tool Wear of Multilayers Coated Carbide Inserts", abstract = "Coated tool inserts can be considered as the backbone
of machining processes due to their wear and heat resistance.
However, defects of coating can degrade the integrity of these inserts
and the number of these defects should be minimized or eliminated if
possible. Recently, the advancement of coating processes and
analytical tools open a new era for optimizing the coating tools.
First, an overview is given regarding coating technology for cutting
tool inserts. Testing techniques for coating layers properties, as well
as the various coating defects and their assessment are also surveyed.
Second, it is introduced an experimental approach to examine the
possible coating defects and flaws of worn multicoated carbide
inserts using two important techniques namely scanning electron
microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Finally, it is
recommended a simple procedure for investigating manufacturing
defects and flaws of worn inserts.", keywords = "AFM, Coated inserts, Defects, SEM.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "69-5", }
