Security, Securitization and Human Capital: The New Wave of Canadian Immigration Laws
This paper analyzes the linkage between migration,
economic globalization and terrorism concerns. On a broad level, I
analyze Canadian economic and political considerations, searching
for causal relationships between political and economic actors on the
one hand, and Canadian immigration law on the other. Specifically,
the paper argues that there are contradictory impulses affecting state
sovereignty. These impulses are are currently being played out in the
field of Canadian immigration law through several proposed changes
to Canada-s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA). These
changes reflect an ideological conception of sovereignty that is
intrinsically connected with decision-making capacity centered on an
individual. This conception of sovereign decision-making views
Parliamentary debate and bureaucratic inefficiencies as both equally
responsible for delaying essential decisions relating to the protection
of state sovereignty, economic benefits and immigration control This
paper discusses these concepts in relation to Canadian immigration
policy under Canadian governments over the past twenty five years.
[1] J. P. McCormick, Carl Schmitt-s Critique of Liberalism: Against Politics
as Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 211.
[2] J. W. P. Veugelers, "Canadian Immigration Policy During the Mulroney
Era," CRSA/RCSA, vol. 37:1, p. 97.
[3] M. Boldt, Surviving as Indians: The Challenge of Self-Government.
Toronto: University of Toronto, 1993, p. 294.
[4] E. Nielsen, "Citizenship, Labour and Immigration," in Ministerial Task
Force on Program Review, vol. 15, Ottawa: Government of Canada,
1995, p. 100.
[5] J.P. Stafford, "Welcome But Why? Recent changes in Canadian
immigration policy." in Perspectives on Canada's Population: An
Introduction to Concepts and Issues, F. Trovato and C.F. Grindstaff,
Eds. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 328-29.
[6] L. Hardcastle, A. Parkin, A. Simmons and N. Suyama. "The Making of
Immigration and Refugee Policy: Politicians, Bureaucrats and Citizens,"
in Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared,
H. Adelman, A. Borowski, M. Burstein and L. Foster, Eds. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1994, p. 12.
[7] G.P. Freeman, "Can Liberal States Control Unwanted Migration?" in
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, No.
534, 1994, pp. 19-22
[8] Immigration Consultations Report, Citizenship and Immigration Canada,
Ottawa, 1994, pp. 16-17.
[9] The Blue Book: Principles and Policies, Reform Party of Canada,
Calgary, 1990, p. 23.
[10] L. Gunter and F. Touby, "Toughen Immigration, Demands the RPC," in
Alberta Report, vol. 20:38, 1993, p. 6.
[11] M. Percy, "The Macro Economic Impacts of Immigration" in The
Immigration Dilemma, Ed. Steven Globerman, Fraser Institute, 1992, pp.
147-172.
[12] J. Tully, Strange Multiplicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1995.
[13] I. M. Young, "Polity and Group difference: A Critique of the Ideal of
Universal Citizenship," in Ronald Beiner, Ed. Theorizing Citizenship,
New York: State University of New York Press, 1995, p. 202.
[14] S Patten, "The Reform Party's re-imagining of the Canadian nation" in
Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 34:1, 1999, p. 27.
[15] S. Patten, "Preston Manning's Populism: Constructing the Common
Sense of the Common People" in Studies in Political Economy, Summer
1996, p. 50
[16] K. Archer and F. Ellis, "Opinion Structure of Party Activists: The
Reform Party" in Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 27:2, 1994,
p. 295.
[17] A. Pratt, Securing Borders: Detention and Deportation in Canada.
Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005, p. 248.
[18] C. R. Singer, "Key Concerns respecting Bill C-31, Immigration and
Refugee Protection Act" in Address to National Congress of Italian-
Canadians, (10 June 2000).
[19] Government Response to the Standing Committee on Citizenship and
Immigration, PWGSC, Ottawa, 2002, p. 16.
[20] D. Hamilton, Inside Canadian Intelligence. Toronto: Dundurn Press,
2007, pp. 37,50.
[21] Bordering on Failure: The U.S.-Canada Safe Third Country Agreement
Fifteen Months After Implementation, Harvard Law School Human
Rights (March 2006). Available: http://www.law.harvard.edu/
[22] Statement by Matrixvisa Inc., Available: http://www.matrixvisa.com/
[23] "Stop Deportations," in Herizons, Winter 2006, p. 11.
[24] K. Roach, September 11: Consequences for Canada. Montreal: McGill-
Queen's University Press, 2003.
[25] D. R. O'Connor, Report of the Events Relating to Maher Arar:
Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in
Relation to Maher Arar. Ottawa: Public Works and Government
Services Canada, 2006. Available: http://www.ararcommission.ca/
[26] K. M. Grace "The Devil in Stephen Harper," in Now Magazine, vol. 23,
no. 40, 2004. Available: http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2004-06-
03/news_insight.php.
[27] P. Brimelow, Alien Nation. New York: Harper Perennial, 1996,
afterword to 2nd ed.
[28] "Stephen Harper: The Report Interview," in The Report (7 January
2002)
[29] "Regulations Amending The Immigration And Refugee Protection
Regulations (Section 303 Fee)," in Canada Gazette, Vol. 140:11 (31
May 2006). Available: http://canadagazette.gc.ca
[30] C. Dauvergne, Making People Illegal. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1997, p. 100.
[31] G. Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford:
Stanford University Press, 1998, pp. 12, 22-23.
[1] J. P. McCormick, Carl Schmitt-s Critique of Liberalism: Against Politics
as Technology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 211.
[2] J. W. P. Veugelers, "Canadian Immigration Policy During the Mulroney
Era," CRSA/RCSA, vol. 37:1, p. 97.
[3] M. Boldt, Surviving as Indians: The Challenge of Self-Government.
Toronto: University of Toronto, 1993, p. 294.
[4] E. Nielsen, "Citizenship, Labour and Immigration," in Ministerial Task
Force on Program Review, vol. 15, Ottawa: Government of Canada,
1995, p. 100.
[5] J.P. Stafford, "Welcome But Why? Recent changes in Canadian
immigration policy." in Perspectives on Canada's Population: An
Introduction to Concepts and Issues, F. Trovato and C.F. Grindstaff,
Eds. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 328-29.
[6] L. Hardcastle, A. Parkin, A. Simmons and N. Suyama. "The Making of
Immigration and Refugee Policy: Politicians, Bureaucrats and Citizens,"
in Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared,
H. Adelman, A. Borowski, M. Burstein and L. Foster, Eds. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1994, p. 12.
[7] G.P. Freeman, "Can Liberal States Control Unwanted Migration?" in
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, No.
534, 1994, pp. 19-22
[8] Immigration Consultations Report, Citizenship and Immigration Canada,
Ottawa, 1994, pp. 16-17.
[9] The Blue Book: Principles and Policies, Reform Party of Canada,
Calgary, 1990, p. 23.
[10] L. Gunter and F. Touby, "Toughen Immigration, Demands the RPC," in
Alberta Report, vol. 20:38, 1993, p. 6.
[11] M. Percy, "The Macro Economic Impacts of Immigration" in The
Immigration Dilemma, Ed. Steven Globerman, Fraser Institute, 1992, pp.
147-172.
[12] J. Tully, Strange Multiplicity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1995.
[13] I. M. Young, "Polity and Group difference: A Critique of the Ideal of
Universal Citizenship," in Ronald Beiner, Ed. Theorizing Citizenship,
New York: State University of New York Press, 1995, p. 202.
[14] S Patten, "The Reform Party's re-imagining of the Canadian nation" in
Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 34:1, 1999, p. 27.
[15] S. Patten, "Preston Manning's Populism: Constructing the Common
Sense of the Common People" in Studies in Political Economy, Summer
1996, p. 50
[16] K. Archer and F. Ellis, "Opinion Structure of Party Activists: The
Reform Party" in Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 27:2, 1994,
p. 295.
[17] A. Pratt, Securing Borders: Detention and Deportation in Canada.
Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005, p. 248.
[18] C. R. Singer, "Key Concerns respecting Bill C-31, Immigration and
Refugee Protection Act" in Address to National Congress of Italian-
Canadians, (10 June 2000).
[19] Government Response to the Standing Committee on Citizenship and
Immigration, PWGSC, Ottawa, 2002, p. 16.
[20] D. Hamilton, Inside Canadian Intelligence. Toronto: Dundurn Press,
2007, pp. 37,50.
[21] Bordering on Failure: The U.S.-Canada Safe Third Country Agreement
Fifteen Months After Implementation, Harvard Law School Human
Rights (March 2006). Available: http://www.law.harvard.edu/
[22] Statement by Matrixvisa Inc., Available: http://www.matrixvisa.com/
[23] "Stop Deportations," in Herizons, Winter 2006, p. 11.
[24] K. Roach, September 11: Consequences for Canada. Montreal: McGill-
Queen's University Press, 2003.
[25] D. R. O'Connor, Report of the Events Relating to Maher Arar:
Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in
Relation to Maher Arar. Ottawa: Public Works and Government
Services Canada, 2006. Available: http://www.ararcommission.ca/
[26] K. M. Grace "The Devil in Stephen Harper," in Now Magazine, vol. 23,
no. 40, 2004. Available: http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2004-06-
03/news_insight.php.
[27] P. Brimelow, Alien Nation. New York: Harper Perennial, 1996,
afterword to 2nd ed.
[28] "Stephen Harper: The Report Interview," in The Report (7 January
2002)
[29] "Regulations Amending The Immigration And Refugee Protection
Regulations (Section 303 Fee)," in Canada Gazette, Vol. 140:11 (31
May 2006). Available: http://canadagazette.gc.ca
[30] C. Dauvergne, Making People Illegal. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 1997, p. 100.
[31] G. Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford:
Stanford University Press, 1998, pp. 12, 22-23.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:63993", author = "Robert M. Russo", title = "Security, Securitization and Human Capital: The New Wave of Canadian Immigration Laws", abstract = "This paper analyzes the linkage between migration,
economic globalization and terrorism concerns. On a broad level, I
analyze Canadian economic and political considerations, searching
for causal relationships between political and economic actors on the
one hand, and Canadian immigration law on the other. Specifically,
the paper argues that there are contradictory impulses affecting state
sovereignty. These impulses are are currently being played out in the
field of Canadian immigration law through several proposed changes
to Canada-s Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA). These
changes reflect an ideological conception of sovereignty that is
intrinsically connected with decision-making capacity centered on an
individual. This conception of sovereign decision-making views
Parliamentary debate and bureaucratic inefficiencies as both equally
responsible for delaying essential decisions relating to the protection
of state sovereignty, economic benefits and immigration control This
paper discusses these concepts in relation to Canadian immigration
policy under Canadian governments over the past twenty five years.", keywords = "Globalization, immigration law, security, anti-terrorism.", volume = "2", number = "8", pages = "969-10", }
