Regulatory Effects of Carbon Sources on Tabtoxin Production (A β-lactam Phytotoxin of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci)
The effects of divers carbon substrates were
investigated for the tabtoxin production of an isolated pathogenic
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, the causal agent of wildfire of
tobacco and are discussed in relation to the bacterium growth. The
isolated organism was grown in batch culture on Woolley's
medium (28°C, 200 rpm, during 5 days). The growth has been
measured by the optical density (OD) at 620 nm and the tabtoxin
production quantified by Escherichia coli (K-12) bioassay
technique. The growth and the tabtoxin production were both
influenced by the substrates (sugars, amino acids, organic acids)
used, each, as a sole carbon source and as a supplement for the
same amino acids. The most significant quantities of tabtoxin were
obtained in presence of some amino acids used as sole carbon
source and/or as supplement.
[1] D. K. Willis, J. J. Rich, T. G. Kinscherf, and T. Kitten, "Genetic
regulation in plant pathogenic pseudomonads," Genetic Engineering,
vol. 176, no. 24, pp. 167-193, Dec. 1994.
[2] R. E. Mitchell, "Structure: Bacterial," in Toxins in plant disease, R.
D. Durbin, Ed. New York: Academic, 1981, pp. 259-293.
[3] E. E. Clayton, "Toxin produced by Bacterium tabacum and its
relation to host range," J. Agric. Res., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 411-426,
Mar. 1934.
[4] D. K. Willis, T. M. Barta, and T. G. Kinscherf, "Genetics of toxin
production and resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria,"Experientia,
vol. 47, pp. 765-770, 1991.
[5] J. Johnson, and H.F. Murwin, "Experiments on the control of wildfire
tobacco," Wis. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., vol. 62, pp. 1925. 35.
[6] R. E. Mitchell, "Implications of toxins in the ecology and evolution of
plant pathogenic microorganisms: bacteria," Experientia, vol. 47, no.
8, pp. 791-803, Aug. 1991.
[7] C. Levi, and R. D. Durbin, "The isolation and proprieties tabtoxinhydrolizing
aminopeptidase from the periplasm of Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tabaci," Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., vol. 28, no. 3, pp.
345-352, May 1986.
[8] M. D. Thomas, P. J. Langston-Unkefer, T. F. Uchytil, and R. D.
Durbin, "Inhibition of glutamine synthetase from pea by tabtoxinine-
β-lactam," Plant Physiol., vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 912-915, Apr. 1983.
[9] T. J. Knight, R. D. Durbin, and P. J. Langston-Unkefer, "Selfprotection
of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci from its toxin,
tabtoxinine-β-lactam," J. Bacteriol., vol. 196, no. 5, pp. 1954-1959,
May 1987.
[10] C. J. Unkefer, R. E. London, R. D. Durbin, T. F. Uchytil, and P. J.
Langston-Unkefer, "The biosynthesis of tabtoxinine-β-lactam," J.
Biol.Chem., vol. 262, pp. 4994-4999, 1987.
[11] 11T. G. Kinscherf, R. H. Colman, T. M. Barta, and D. K. Willis,
"Cloning and expression of the tabtoxin biosynthesis region from
Pseudomonas syringae," J. Bacteriol., vol. 173, pp. 4124-4132, 1991.
[12] T. M. Barta, T. G. Kinscherf, and D. K. Willis, "Regulation of
tabtoxin production by the lemA gene in Pseudomonas syringae," J.
Bacteriol., vol. 174, no. 9, pp. 3021-3029, May 1992.
[13] C. L. Bender, F. Alar├│n-Chaidez, and D. C. Gross, "Pseudomonas
syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by
peptide and polyketide synthetases," Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Reviews,
vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 266-292, June 1999.
[14] J. F. Martin, and P. Liras, "Organization and expression of genes
involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary
metabolites," Annu. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 43, pp. 173-206, Oct. 1989.
[15] M. J. Gasson, "Indicator technique for antimetabolite toxin production
by phytopathogenic species of Pseudomonas," Appl. Envi. Microbiol.,
vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 25-29, Jan. 1980.
[16] D. W. Woolley, R. B. Pringle, and A. C. Braun, "Isolation of the
phytopathogenic toxin of Pseudomonas tabaci, an antagonist of
methionine," J. Biol. Chem., vol. 197, pp. 409-417, Feb. 1952.
[17] D. A. Palmer, and C. L. Bender, "Effects of environmental and
nutritional factors on production of polyketide phytotoxin coronatine
by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea," Appl. Envi. Microbiol., vol.
59, no. 5, pp. 1619-1626, May 1993.
[18] D. C. Gross, "Regulation of syringomycin synthesis in Pseudomonas
syringae pv. Syringae and defined conditions for its production," J.
Appl. bacteriol., vol. 58, pp. 167-174, 1985.
[19] B. Müller, A. Hädener, and C. Tamm, "Studies on the biosynthesis of
tabtoxin (wildfire toxin). Origin of the carbonyl C-atom of the β-
lactam moiety from the C1-pool," Helv., vol. 70, pp. 412-420, 1987.
[20] D. Harzallah, and L. Larous, "The synthesis of tabtoxin peptide bond
in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci," Biochemical Society
Transactions, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 5383, Nov. 1998.
[21] P. A. Taylor, and R. D. Durbin, "The production and proprieties of
chlorosis inducing toxins from a pseudomonad attacking timothy,"
Physiol. Plant Pathol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-17, Jan. 1973.
[1] D. K. Willis, J. J. Rich, T. G. Kinscherf, and T. Kitten, "Genetic
regulation in plant pathogenic pseudomonads," Genetic Engineering,
vol. 176, no. 24, pp. 167-193, Dec. 1994.
[2] R. E. Mitchell, "Structure: Bacterial," in Toxins in plant disease, R.
D. Durbin, Ed. New York: Academic, 1981, pp. 259-293.
[3] E. E. Clayton, "Toxin produced by Bacterium tabacum and its
relation to host range," J. Agric. Res., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 411-426,
Mar. 1934.
[4] D. K. Willis, T. M. Barta, and T. G. Kinscherf, "Genetics of toxin
production and resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria,"Experientia,
vol. 47, pp. 765-770, 1991.
[5] J. Johnson, and H.F. Murwin, "Experiments on the control of wildfire
tobacco," Wis. Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull., vol. 62, pp. 1925. 35.
[6] R. E. Mitchell, "Implications of toxins in the ecology and evolution of
plant pathogenic microorganisms: bacteria," Experientia, vol. 47, no.
8, pp. 791-803, Aug. 1991.
[7] C. Levi, and R. D. Durbin, "The isolation and proprieties tabtoxinhydrolizing
aminopeptidase from the periplasm of Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tabaci," Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., vol. 28, no. 3, pp.
345-352, May 1986.
[8] M. D. Thomas, P. J. Langston-Unkefer, T. F. Uchytil, and R. D.
Durbin, "Inhibition of glutamine synthetase from pea by tabtoxinine-
β-lactam," Plant Physiol., vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 912-915, Apr. 1983.
[9] T. J. Knight, R. D. Durbin, and P. J. Langston-Unkefer, "Selfprotection
of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci from its toxin,
tabtoxinine-β-lactam," J. Bacteriol., vol. 196, no. 5, pp. 1954-1959,
May 1987.
[10] C. J. Unkefer, R. E. London, R. D. Durbin, T. F. Uchytil, and P. J.
Langston-Unkefer, "The biosynthesis of tabtoxinine-β-lactam," J.
Biol.Chem., vol. 262, pp. 4994-4999, 1987.
[11] 11T. G. Kinscherf, R. H. Colman, T. M. Barta, and D. K. Willis,
"Cloning and expression of the tabtoxin biosynthesis region from
Pseudomonas syringae," J. Bacteriol., vol. 173, pp. 4124-4132, 1991.
[12] T. M. Barta, T. G. Kinscherf, and D. K. Willis, "Regulation of
tabtoxin production by the lemA gene in Pseudomonas syringae," J.
Bacteriol., vol. 174, no. 9, pp. 3021-3029, May 1992.
[13] C. L. Bender, F. Alar├│n-Chaidez, and D. C. Gross, "Pseudomonas
syringae phytotoxins: mode of action, regulation, and biosynthesis by
peptide and polyketide synthetases," Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Reviews,
vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 266-292, June 1999.
[14] J. F. Martin, and P. Liras, "Organization and expression of genes
involved in the biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary
metabolites," Annu. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 43, pp. 173-206, Oct. 1989.
[15] M. J. Gasson, "Indicator technique for antimetabolite toxin production
by phytopathogenic species of Pseudomonas," Appl. Envi. Microbiol.,
vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 25-29, Jan. 1980.
[16] D. W. Woolley, R. B. Pringle, and A. C. Braun, "Isolation of the
phytopathogenic toxin of Pseudomonas tabaci, an antagonist of
methionine," J. Biol. Chem., vol. 197, pp. 409-417, Feb. 1952.
[17] D. A. Palmer, and C. L. Bender, "Effects of environmental and
nutritional factors on production of polyketide phytotoxin coronatine
by Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea," Appl. Envi. Microbiol., vol.
59, no. 5, pp. 1619-1626, May 1993.
[18] D. C. Gross, "Regulation of syringomycin synthesis in Pseudomonas
syringae pv. Syringae and defined conditions for its production," J.
Appl. bacteriol., vol. 58, pp. 167-174, 1985.
[19] B. Müller, A. Hädener, and C. Tamm, "Studies on the biosynthesis of
tabtoxin (wildfire toxin). Origin of the carbonyl C-atom of the β-
lactam moiety from the C1-pool," Helv., vol. 70, pp. 412-420, 1987.
[20] D. Harzallah, and L. Larous, "The synthesis of tabtoxin peptide bond
in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci," Biochemical Society
Transactions, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 5383, Nov. 1998.
[21] P. A. Taylor, and R. D. Durbin, "The production and proprieties of
chlorosis inducing toxins from a pseudomonad attacking timothy,"
Physiol. Plant Pathol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9-17, Jan. 1973.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:57579", author = "N. Messaadia and D. Harzallah", title = "Regulatory Effects of Carbon Sources on Tabtoxin Production (A β-lactam Phytotoxin of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci)", abstract = "The effects of divers carbon substrates were
investigated for the tabtoxin production of an isolated pathogenic
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, the causal agent of wildfire of
tobacco and are discussed in relation to the bacterium growth. The
isolated organism was grown in batch culture on Woolley's
medium (28°C, 200 rpm, during 5 days). The growth has been
measured by the optical density (OD) at 620 nm and the tabtoxin
production quantified by Escherichia coli (K-12) bioassay
technique. The growth and the tabtoxin production were both
influenced by the substrates (sugars, amino acids, organic acids)
used, each, as a sole carbon source and as a supplement for the
same amino acids. The most significant quantities of tabtoxin were
obtained in presence of some amino acids used as sole carbon
source and/or as supplement.", keywords = "Amino acid supplement, carbon substrates, batch
culture, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "26-5", }
