Radio-Frequency Plasma Discharge Equipment for Conservation Treatments of Paper Supports
The application of cold Radio-Frequency (RF) plasma
in the conservation of cultural heritage became important in the last
decades due to the positive results obtained in decontamination
treatments. This paper presents an equipment especially designed for cold RF
plasma application on paper documents, developed within a research
project. The equipment consists in two modules: the first one is
designed for decontamination and cleaning treatments of any type of
paper supports, while the second one can be used for coating friable
papers with adequate polymers, for protection purposes. All these
operations are carried out in cold radio-frequency plasma, working in
gaseous nitrogen, at low pressure. In order to optimize the equipment parameters ancient paper
samples infested with microorganisms have been treated in nitrogen
plasma and the decontamination effects, as well as changes in surface
properties (color, pH) were assessed. The microbiological analysis
revealed complete decontamination at 6 minutes treatment duration;
only minor modifications of the surface pH were found and the
colorimetric analysis showed a slight yellowing of the support.
[1] E. Vassallo, L. Laguardia, D. Ricci, G. Bonizzoni “Innovative Plasma
Processes for Consolidation of Biodeteriorated Ancient Papers”,
Macromol. Symp., no. 238, pp. 46–51, 2006
[2] H. Szczepanowska, C. S. M. Lovett “A Study of the Removal and
Prevention of Fungal Stains on Paper”. JAIC.,vol.31, no.2, pp. 147-160,
1992
[3] M. Totolin, D. Macocinschi, G. E. Ioanid, D. Filip, and A. Ioanid,
Materials Supports for Cultural Heritage Objects Treated in Cold
Plasma,” Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.-Rapid Commun., vol. 1, no. 12, pp.
309–314, 2007.
[4] L. Favre-Quattropani, P. Groening, D. Ramseyer, L. Schlapbach “The
Protection of Metallic Archaeological Objects Using Plasma Polymer
Coatings”, Surf Coat Technol. vol. 125, no. 1-3, pp. 377-382, 2000
[5] V. Veprek, C. Eckmann, J. Elmer, “Recent Progress in the Restoration
of Archaeological Metallic Artefacts by Means of Low-Pressure Plasma
Treatment”, Plasma Chem Plasma Process, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 445–465.
1988
[6] J. Novakovic, O. Papadopoulou, P. Vassiliou, E. Filippaki, Y. Bassiakos
“Plasma Reduction of Bronze Corrosion Developed under Long-Term
Artificial Ageing” Anal Bioanal Chem., vol. 395 no. 7, pp. 2235–2244,
2009.
[7] E. G. Ioanid, A. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, and F. Doroftei, “Surface
Investigation of Some Medieval Silver Coins Cleaned in High
Frequency Cold Plasma,” J. Cult. Heritage, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 220 –226,
2011.
[8] M. I. Totolin, G. E. Ioanid, and I. Neamtu, “Plasma Chemistry and the
Environment,” Environ. Eng. Manag. J., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1501–1507,
2009.
[9] M. Totolin, G. Cazacu, C. Vasile, “Cellulosic Materials Modification by
Physical and Chemical Methods”, in Fine Structure of Papermaking
Fibres, COST Action E54 Book, (eds. P. Ander, W. Bauer, S.
Heinemann, P. Kallio, R. Passas and A. Treimanis), COST Office
Brussels, pp. 27-38, 2011
[10] A. Comiotto, “Miniaturized Cold Atmospheric Plasma for the
Conservation of Plastics in Modern and Contemporary Art,” CHIMIA
Int. J. Chem., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 877–881, 2008.
[11] U. Vohrer, I. Trick, J. Bernhard, C. Oehr, H. Brunner, “Plasma
Treatment—An Increasing Technology for Paper Restoration?” Surf.
Coat. Technol., vol. 142–144, pp. 1069–1073, Jul. 2001.
[12] E. G. Ioanid, A. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, C. M. Popescu, I. Stoica, “Surface
Changes upon high-frequency plasma treatment of Heritage
Photographs,” J. Cult. Heritage, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 399–407, 2011.
[13] E. G. Ioanid, S. Dunca, D. E. Rusu, C. Tanase, “Comparative Study on
Decontamination Treatment of Paper-Based Materials in Corona
Discharge and HF Cold Plasma,” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys, vol. 58, no.
1, pp. 58, 2012.
[14] M. I. Totolin and I. Neamtu, “Positive Findings for Plasma Polymer
(meth)Acrylate Thin Films in Heritage Protective Applications,” J. Cult.
Heritage, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 392–398, 2011.
[15] S. K. Rutledge, B. A. Banks, M. Forkapa, T. Stueber, E. Sechkar, K.
Malinowski, “Atomic Oxygen Treatment as a Method of Recovering
Smoke-Damaged Paintings,” J. Amer. Inst. Conservat., vol. 39, no. 1,
pp. 65–74, 2000.
[16] E. G. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, A. Ioanid, S. Dunca, and A. Muresan. (2009).
Installation and Process for Preserving Objects (Online). Available:
http://www.osim.ro/brevete/pbrev.html
[17] G. Beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers.
New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1992.
[18] E.G.Ioanid, D.Rusu, A.Ioanid, S.Dunca, A.Muresan, Patent Ro 122 396,
2009.
[19] Sarawut Rimdusit, Korapat Somsaeng, Prartana Kewsuwan, Chanchira
Jubsilp, Sunan Tiptipakorn, “Comparison of Gamma Radiation
Crosslinking and Chemical Crosslinking on Properties of
Methylcellulose Hydrogel”, Engineering Journal, vol.16, no.4, pp. 15-
28, 2012.
[1] E. Vassallo, L. Laguardia, D. Ricci, G. Bonizzoni “Innovative Plasma
Processes for Consolidation of Biodeteriorated Ancient Papers”,
Macromol. Symp., no. 238, pp. 46–51, 2006
[2] H. Szczepanowska, C. S. M. Lovett “A Study of the Removal and
Prevention of Fungal Stains on Paper”. JAIC.,vol.31, no.2, pp. 147-160,
1992
[3] M. Totolin, D. Macocinschi, G. E. Ioanid, D. Filip, and A. Ioanid,
Materials Supports for Cultural Heritage Objects Treated in Cold
Plasma,” Optoelectron. Adv. Mater.-Rapid Commun., vol. 1, no. 12, pp.
309–314, 2007.
[4] L. Favre-Quattropani, P. Groening, D. Ramseyer, L. Schlapbach “The
Protection of Metallic Archaeological Objects Using Plasma Polymer
Coatings”, Surf Coat Technol. vol. 125, no. 1-3, pp. 377-382, 2000
[5] V. Veprek, C. Eckmann, J. Elmer, “Recent Progress in the Restoration
of Archaeological Metallic Artefacts by Means of Low-Pressure Plasma
Treatment”, Plasma Chem Plasma Process, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 445–465.
1988
[6] J. Novakovic, O. Papadopoulou, P. Vassiliou, E. Filippaki, Y. Bassiakos
“Plasma Reduction of Bronze Corrosion Developed under Long-Term
Artificial Ageing” Anal Bioanal Chem., vol. 395 no. 7, pp. 2235–2244,
2009.
[7] E. G. Ioanid, A. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, and F. Doroftei, “Surface
Investigation of Some Medieval Silver Coins Cleaned in High
Frequency Cold Plasma,” J. Cult. Heritage, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 220 –226,
2011.
[8] M. I. Totolin, G. E. Ioanid, and I. Neamtu, “Plasma Chemistry and the
Environment,” Environ. Eng. Manag. J., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1501–1507,
2009.
[9] M. Totolin, G. Cazacu, C. Vasile, “Cellulosic Materials Modification by
Physical and Chemical Methods”, in Fine Structure of Papermaking
Fibres, COST Action E54 Book, (eds. P. Ander, W. Bauer, S.
Heinemann, P. Kallio, R. Passas and A. Treimanis), COST Office
Brussels, pp. 27-38, 2011
[10] A. Comiotto, “Miniaturized Cold Atmospheric Plasma for the
Conservation of Plastics in Modern and Contemporary Art,” CHIMIA
Int. J. Chem., vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 877–881, 2008.
[11] U. Vohrer, I. Trick, J. Bernhard, C. Oehr, H. Brunner, “Plasma
Treatment—An Increasing Technology for Paper Restoration?” Surf.
Coat. Technol., vol. 142–144, pp. 1069–1073, Jul. 2001.
[12] E. G. Ioanid, A. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, C. M. Popescu, I. Stoica, “Surface
Changes upon high-frequency plasma treatment of Heritage
Photographs,” J. Cult. Heritage, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 399–407, 2011.
[13] E. G. Ioanid, S. Dunca, D. E. Rusu, C. Tanase, “Comparative Study on
Decontamination Treatment of Paper-Based Materials in Corona
Discharge and HF Cold Plasma,” Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys, vol. 58, no.
1, pp. 58, 2012.
[14] M. I. Totolin and I. Neamtu, “Positive Findings for Plasma Polymer
(meth)Acrylate Thin Films in Heritage Protective Applications,” J. Cult.
Heritage, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 392–398, 2011.
[15] S. K. Rutledge, B. A. Banks, M. Forkapa, T. Stueber, E. Sechkar, K.
Malinowski, “Atomic Oxygen Treatment as a Method of Recovering
Smoke-Damaged Paintings,” J. Amer. Inst. Conservat., vol. 39, no. 1,
pp. 65–74, 2000.
[16] E. G. Ioanid, D. E. Rusu, A. Ioanid, S. Dunca, and A. Muresan. (2009).
Installation and Process for Preserving Objects (Online). Available:
http://www.osim.ro/brevete/pbrev.html
[17] G. Beamson and D. Briggs, High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers.
New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1992.
[18] E.G.Ioanid, D.Rusu, A.Ioanid, S.Dunca, A.Muresan, Patent Ro 122 396,
2009.
[19] Sarawut Rimdusit, Korapat Somsaeng, Prartana Kewsuwan, Chanchira
Jubsilp, Sunan Tiptipakorn, “Comparison of Gamma Radiation
Crosslinking and Chemical Crosslinking on Properties of
Methylcellulose Hydrogel”, Engineering Journal, vol.16, no.4, pp. 15-
28, 2012.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:70875", author = "Emil G. Ioanid and Viorica Frunză and Dorina Rusu and Ana Maria Vlad and Catalin Tanase and Simona Dunca", title = "Radio-Frequency Plasma Discharge Equipment for Conservation Treatments of Paper Supports", abstract = "The application of cold Radio-Frequency (RF) plasma
in the conservation of cultural heritage became important in the last
decades due to the positive results obtained in decontamination
treatments. This paper presents an equipment especially designed for cold RF
plasma application on paper documents, developed within a research
project. The equipment consists in two modules: the first one is
designed for decontamination and cleaning treatments of any type of
paper supports, while the second one can be used for coating friable
papers with adequate polymers, for protection purposes. All these
operations are carried out in cold radio-frequency plasma, working in
gaseous nitrogen, at low pressure. In order to optimize the equipment parameters ancient paper
samples infested with microorganisms have been treated in nitrogen
plasma and the decontamination effects, as well as changes in surface
properties (color, pH) were assessed. The microbiological analysis
revealed complete decontamination at 6 minutes treatment duration;
only minor modifications of the surface pH were found and the
colorimetric analysis showed a slight yellowing of the support.", keywords = "Cultural heritage, nitrogen plasma, paper support.", volume = "9", number = "6", pages = "760-5", }
