Process Simulation of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) Production from Naphtha Cracking Wastes
The production of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) was
simulated through Aspen Plus. The objective of this work was to use
the simulation results to be an alternative platform for ETBE
production from naphtha cracking wastes for the industry to develop.
ETBE is produced from isobutylene which is one of the wastes in
naphtha cracking process. The content of isobutylene in the waste is
less than 30% weight. The main part of this work was to propose a
process to save the environment and to increase the product value by
converting a great majority of the wastes into ETBE. Various
processes were considered to determine the optimal production of
ETBE. The proposed process increased ETBE production yield by
100% from conventional process with the purity of 96% weight. The
results showed a great promise for developing this proposed process
in an industrial scale.
[1] Vigné, F.; J. Haubrich; D. Loffreda; P. Sautet and F. Delbecq, "Highly
Selective Hydrogenation of Butadiene on Pt/Sn Alloy Elucidated by
First-Principles Calculations," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 275, 2010, pp.
129-139.
[2] Schmidt, Andrea and Reinhard Schomäcker, "Kinetics of 1,5-
Cyclooctadiene Hydrogenation on Pd/╬▒-Al2O3," Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 46, 2007, pp. 1677-1681.
[3] Zhao, Haibo and Bruce E. Koel, "Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on
Two Ordered Sn/Pt(111) Surface Alloys," Journal of Catalysis, vol 234,
2005, pp. 24-32.
[4] Lee, Doh Chang; Jae Hyung Kim; Woo Jae Kim; Jung Hwa Kang and
Sang Heup Moon, "Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on Tio2-
Modified Pd/Sio2 Catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 244,
2003, pp. 83-91.
[5] Silvestre-Albero, Joaquin; G├╝nther Rupprechter and Hans-Joachim
Freund, "Atmospheric Pressure Studies of Selective 1,3-Butadiene
Hydrogenation on Well-Defined Pd/Al2O3/Nial(110) Model Catalysts:
Effect of Pd Particle Size," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 240, 2006, pp. 58-
65.
[6] Seth, Deepyaman; Amitava Sarkar; Flora T. T. Ng and Garry L. Rempel,
"Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene in Mixture with Isobutene on
a Pd/╬▒-Alumina Catalyst in a Semi-Batch Reactor," Chemical
Engineering Science, vol. 62, 2007, pp. 4544-4557.
[7] Smirnova, I. M.; V. Sh Fel-Dblyum and T. A. Tsailingol-d, "Reaction
Kinetics of Isomerization of N-Butenes to Isobutylene," Petroleum
Chemistry U.S.S.R., vol. 21, 1981, pp. 7-13.
[8] Szabo, Janine; Georges Szabo; Jacob van Gestel and Daniel Cornet,
"Isomerization of N-Butenes to Isobutene Catalyzed by Fluorinated
Alumina: Reaction Kinetics," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 96,
1993, pp. 319-330.
[9] Choudhary, Vasant R. and L. K. Doraiswamy, "A Kinetic Model for the
Isomerization of N-Butene to Isobutene," Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Process Design and Development, vol. 14, 1975, pp. 227-235.
[10] Raghavan, N. S. and L. K. Doraiswamy, "On the Validity of Kinetic
Modeling for Vapor Phase Catalytic Reactions: Isomerization of NButene
to Isobutene," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 48, 1977, pp. 21-34.
[11] Fite, Carles; Montserrat Iborra; Javier Tejero; Jose F. Izquierdo and
Fidel Cunill, "Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Ethyl Tert-
Butyl Ether (Etbe)," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.
33, 1994, pp. 581-591.
[12] Izquierdo, Jose F.; Fidel Cunill; Meritxell Vila; Montserrat Iborra and
Javier Tejero, "Equilibrium Constants for Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether Liquid-Phase Syntheses Using C4 Olefinic Cut,"
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 33, 1994, pp. 2830-
2835.
[13] Sneesby, Martin G.; Moses O. Tade; Ravindra Datta and Terence N.
Smith, "Etbe Synthesis Via Reactive Distillation. 2. Dynamic Simulation
and Control Aspects," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,
vol. 36, 1997, pp. 1870-1881.
[14] Alc├íntara, Ram├│n; Elena Alc├íntara; Laureano Canoira; Mar├¡a José
Franco; Ismael Martín and Alberto Navarro, "Gas-Phase Synthesis of
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) on H-Zsm-5 Catalyst in Continuous Fixed-
Bed and Fluidized-Bed Reactors," Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis
Letters, vol. 69, 2000, pp. 239-246.
[15] Syed, Faisal H. and Ravindra Datta., "Nonideal Liquid-Phase
Intraparticle Transport and Reaction," Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Research, vol. 41, 2002, pp. 1754-1762.
[16] Jhon, Young H. and Tae-hee Lee, "Dynamic Simulation for Reactive
Distillation with Etbe Synthesis," Separation and Purification
Technology, vol. 31, 2003, pp. 301-317.
[17] Syed, Faisal; Prakob Kitchaiya; Kyle Jensen; Tiejun Zhang; Cory
Phillips and Ravindra Datta, "Kinetics of Tertiary-Alkyl Ether
Synthesis," In Handbook of Mtbe and Other Gasoline Oxygenates, 2004,
CRC Press.
[18] Micek-Ilnicka, A, "Kinetics of Gas Phase Synthesis of Ethyl-Tert-Butyl
Ether (Etbe) on Wells-Dawson Catalyst," Journal of Molecular
Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 260, 2006, pp. 170-178.
[19] Micek-Ilnicka, A, "The Effect of Water Vapour on Kinetics of Ethyl-
Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) and Tert-Butyl Alcohol (Tba) Synthesis in the
Gas Phase on Wells-Dawson Catalyst," Journal of Molecular Catalysis
A: Chemical, vol. 277, 2007, pp. 252-261.
[20] de Menezes, Eliana Weber and Renato Catalu├▒a, "Optimization of the
Etbe (Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether) Production Process," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 89, 2008, pp. 1148-1152.
[21] Umar, M.; D. Patel and B. Saha, "Kinetic Studies of Liquid Phase Ethyl
Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) Synthesis Using Macroporous and Gelular Ion
Exchange Resin Catalysts," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 64,
2009, pp. 4424-4432
[22] Lei, Zhigang; Rongqi Zhou and Zhanting Duan, "Process Improvement
on Separating C4 by Extractive Distillation," Chemical Engineering
Journal, vol. 85, 2002, pp. 379-386.
[23] Smith, Allen S. and Theo B. Braun, "Butadiene Purification by Solvent
Extraction," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol. 37, 1945, pp.
1047-1052.
[24] White, Wm Claude, "Butadiene Production Process Overview,"
Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 166, 2007, pp. 10-14.
[25] Yang, Xiaojian; Xuan Yin and Pingkai Ouyang, "Simulation of 1,3-
Butadiene Production Process by Dimethylfomamide Extractive
Distillation," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 17, 2009,
pp. 27-35.
[1] Vigné, F.; J. Haubrich; D. Loffreda; P. Sautet and F. Delbecq, "Highly
Selective Hydrogenation of Butadiene on Pt/Sn Alloy Elucidated by
First-Principles Calculations," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 275, 2010, pp.
129-139.
[2] Schmidt, Andrea and Reinhard Schomäcker, "Kinetics of 1,5-
Cyclooctadiene Hydrogenation on Pd/╬▒-Al2O3," Industrial &
Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 46, 2007, pp. 1677-1681.
[3] Zhao, Haibo and Bruce E. Koel, "Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on
Two Ordered Sn/Pt(111) Surface Alloys," Journal of Catalysis, vol 234,
2005, pp. 24-32.
[4] Lee, Doh Chang; Jae Hyung Kim; Woo Jae Kim; Jung Hwa Kang and
Sang Heup Moon, "Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on Tio2-
Modified Pd/Sio2 Catalysts," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 244,
2003, pp. 83-91.
[5] Silvestre-Albero, Joaquin; G├╝nther Rupprechter and Hans-Joachim
Freund, "Atmospheric Pressure Studies of Selective 1,3-Butadiene
Hydrogenation on Well-Defined Pd/Al2O3/Nial(110) Model Catalysts:
Effect of Pd Particle Size," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 240, 2006, pp. 58-
65.
[6] Seth, Deepyaman; Amitava Sarkar; Flora T. T. Ng and Garry L. Rempel,
"Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene in Mixture with Isobutene on
a Pd/╬▒-Alumina Catalyst in a Semi-Batch Reactor," Chemical
Engineering Science, vol. 62, 2007, pp. 4544-4557.
[7] Smirnova, I. M.; V. Sh Fel-Dblyum and T. A. Tsailingol-d, "Reaction
Kinetics of Isomerization of N-Butenes to Isobutylene," Petroleum
Chemistry U.S.S.R., vol. 21, 1981, pp. 7-13.
[8] Szabo, Janine; Georges Szabo; Jacob van Gestel and Daniel Cornet,
"Isomerization of N-Butenes to Isobutene Catalyzed by Fluorinated
Alumina: Reaction Kinetics," Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 96,
1993, pp. 319-330.
[9] Choudhary, Vasant R. and L. K. Doraiswamy, "A Kinetic Model for the
Isomerization of N-Butene to Isobutene," Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Process Design and Development, vol. 14, 1975, pp. 227-235.
[10] Raghavan, N. S. and L. K. Doraiswamy, "On the Validity of Kinetic
Modeling for Vapor Phase Catalytic Reactions: Isomerization of NButene
to Isobutene," Journal of Catalysis, vol. 48, 1977, pp. 21-34.
[11] Fite, Carles; Montserrat Iborra; Javier Tejero; Jose F. Izquierdo and
Fidel Cunill, "Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Ethyl Tert-
Butyl Ether (Etbe)," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.
33, 1994, pp. 581-591.
[12] Izquierdo, Jose F.; Fidel Cunill; Meritxell Vila; Montserrat Iborra and
Javier Tejero, "Equilibrium Constants for Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether Liquid-Phase Syntheses Using C4 Olefinic Cut,"
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 33, 1994, pp. 2830-
2835.
[13] Sneesby, Martin G.; Moses O. Tade; Ravindra Datta and Terence N.
Smith, "Etbe Synthesis Via Reactive Distillation. 2. Dynamic Simulation
and Control Aspects," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research,
vol. 36, 1997, pp. 1870-1881.
[14] Alc├íntara, Ram├│n; Elena Alc├íntara; Laureano Canoira; Mar├¡a José
Franco; Ismael Martín and Alberto Navarro, "Gas-Phase Synthesis of
Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) on H-Zsm-5 Catalyst in Continuous Fixed-
Bed and Fluidized-Bed Reactors," Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis
Letters, vol. 69, 2000, pp. 239-246.
[15] Syed, Faisal H. and Ravindra Datta., "Nonideal Liquid-Phase
Intraparticle Transport and Reaction," Industrial & Engineering
Chemistry Research, vol. 41, 2002, pp. 1754-1762.
[16] Jhon, Young H. and Tae-hee Lee, "Dynamic Simulation for Reactive
Distillation with Etbe Synthesis," Separation and Purification
Technology, vol. 31, 2003, pp. 301-317.
[17] Syed, Faisal; Prakob Kitchaiya; Kyle Jensen; Tiejun Zhang; Cory
Phillips and Ravindra Datta, "Kinetics of Tertiary-Alkyl Ether
Synthesis," In Handbook of Mtbe and Other Gasoline Oxygenates, 2004,
CRC Press.
[18] Micek-Ilnicka, A, "Kinetics of Gas Phase Synthesis of Ethyl-Tert-Butyl
Ether (Etbe) on Wells-Dawson Catalyst," Journal of Molecular
Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 260, 2006, pp. 170-178.
[19] Micek-Ilnicka, A, "The Effect of Water Vapour on Kinetics of Ethyl-
Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) and Tert-Butyl Alcohol (Tba) Synthesis in the
Gas Phase on Wells-Dawson Catalyst," Journal of Molecular Catalysis
A: Chemical, vol. 277, 2007, pp. 252-261.
[20] de Menezes, Eliana Weber and Renato Catalu├▒a, "Optimization of the
Etbe (Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether) Production Process," Fuel Processing
Technology, vol. 89, 2008, pp. 1148-1152.
[21] Umar, M.; D. Patel and B. Saha, "Kinetic Studies of Liquid Phase Ethyl
Tert-Butyl Ether (Etbe) Synthesis Using Macroporous and Gelular Ion
Exchange Resin Catalysts," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 64,
2009, pp. 4424-4432
[22] Lei, Zhigang; Rongqi Zhou and Zhanting Duan, "Process Improvement
on Separating C4 by Extractive Distillation," Chemical Engineering
Journal, vol. 85, 2002, pp. 379-386.
[23] Smith, Allen S. and Theo B. Braun, "Butadiene Purification by Solvent
Extraction," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol. 37, 1945, pp.
1047-1052.
[24] White, Wm Claude, "Butadiene Production Process Overview,"
Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 166, 2007, pp. 10-14.
[25] Yang, Xiaojian; Xuan Yin and Pingkai Ouyang, "Simulation of 1,3-
Butadiene Production Process by Dimethylfomamide Extractive
Distillation," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 17, 2009,
pp. 27-35.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:53873", author = "Pakorn Traiprasertpong and Apichit Svang-Ariyaskul", title = "Process Simulation of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE) Production from Naphtha Cracking Wastes", abstract = "The production of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) was
simulated through Aspen Plus. The objective of this work was to use
the simulation results to be an alternative platform for ETBE
production from naphtha cracking wastes for the industry to develop.
ETBE is produced from isobutylene which is one of the wastes in
naphtha cracking process. The content of isobutylene in the waste is
less than 30% weight. The main part of this work was to propose a
process to save the environment and to increase the product value by
converting a great majority of the wastes into ETBE. Various
processes were considered to determine the optimal production of
ETBE. The proposed process increased ETBE production yield by
100% from conventional process with the purity of 96% weight. The
results showed a great promise for developing this proposed process
in an industrial scale.", keywords = "ETBE, process simulation, naphtha cracking, Aspen
Plus", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "289-6", }
