Potential of Agro-Waste Extracts as Supplements for the Continuous Bioremediation of Free Cyanide Contaminated Wastewater
Different agricultural waste peels were assessed for
their suitability to be used as primary substrates for the
bioremediation of free cyanide (CN-) by a cyanide-degrading fungus
Aspergillus awamori isolated from cyanide containing wastewater.
The bioremediated CN- concentration were in the range of 36 to 110
mg CN-/L, with Orange (C. sinensis) > Carrot (D. carota) > Onion
(A. cepa) > Apple (M. pumila), being chosen as suitable substrates
for large scale CN- degradation processes due to: 1) the high
concentration of bioremediated CN-, 2) total reduced sugars released
into solution to sustain the biocatalyst, and 3) minimal residual NH4-
N concentration after fermentation. The bioremediation rate constants
(k) were 0.017h-1 (0h < t < 24h), with improved bioremediation rates
(0.02189h-1) observed after 24h. The averaged nitrilase activity was
~10 U/L.
[1] M.D. Adjei, and Y. Ohta, “Factors affecting the biodegradation of cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C3,” J. Biosci. Bioeng., vol. 89, pp. 274 – 277, 2000. [2] N. Gupta, C. Balomajumder, and V.K. Agarwal, “Enzymatic mechanism and biochemistry for cyanide degradation: A review,” J. Hazard Mater., vol. 176, pp 1 – 13, 2010. [3] Y.B. Patil, and K.M. Paknikar, “Development of a process for biodetoxification of metal cyanides from wastewaters,” Process Biochem., vol. 35, pp. 1139 – 1151, 2000.[4] Y.K. Ozel, S, Gedikli, P. Aytar, A. Unal, M. Yamac, A. Cabuk, and N. Kolankaya, “New fungal biomasses for cyanide biodegradation," J. Biosci. Bioeng., vol. 110, pp. 431 – 435, 2010.
[5] M. Cantarella, L. Cantarella, A. Gallifuoco, and A.Spera, “Use of a UF-membrane reactor for controlling selectively the nitrile hydratase amidase system in Microbacterium imperial CBS 498-74 resting cells. Case study: benzonitrile conversion,” Enzyme Microb. Tech., vol. 38, pp. 126 – 134, 2006. [6] J. Varga, J.C. Frisvad, S. Kocsubé, B. Brankovics, B. Tóth, G. Szigeti, and R.A. Samson, “New and revisited species in Aspergillus section Nigri,” Stud. Mycol., vol. 69, pp. 1 – 17, 2011.
[7] S. Mrudula, and R. Anitharaj, 2011. “Pectinase production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger using orange peel,” Global J. Biotech. Biochem., vol. 6, pp. 64 – 71, 2011. [8] S. Nataraja, D.M. Chetan, and M. Krishnappa, Effect of temperature on cellulose enzyme activity in crude extracts isolated from solid wastes microbes,” Int. J. Micr. Res., vol. 2, pp. 44 – 47, 2010.
[9] M.A. Rao, R. Scelza, R. Scotti, and L. Gianfreda, “Role of enzymes in the remediation of polluted environments,” J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., vol. 10, pp. 333 – 353, 2010. [10] S. Negi, and R. Banerjee, “Study of conformational changes in glucoamylase of Awamori nakazawa in presence of denaturants through CD-spectroscopy,” Bioresource Technol., vol. 101, pp. 7577 – 7580, 2010.
[11] B.A.Q. Santos, S.K.O. Ntwampe, J.H. Doughari, and G. Muchatibaya, “Application of citrus sinensis solid waste as a pseudo-catalyst for free cyanide conversion under alkaline conditions,” BioResources, vol. 8, pp. 3461 – 3467, 2013. [12] G.I. Miller, “Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars,” Anal. Chem., vol. 31, pp. 426 – 428, 1959.
[13] V. Vejvoda, D. Kubac, A. Davidova, O. Kaplan, M. Sulc, O. Sveda, R. Chaloupkova, and L. Martinkova, “Purification and characterization of nitrilase from Fusarium solani IMI196840,” Process Biochem., vol. 45, pp. 1115 – 1120, 2010.
[14] D. Suman, and S.C. Santra, “Cyanide degradation by Aspergillus niger strain isolated from steel-plant wastewater,” Elec. J. Env. Agricult. Food Chem., vol. 10, pp. 2516 – 2522, 2011.
[15] A.U. Mahmood, J. Greenman, and A.H. Scragg, “Orange and potato peel extracts: analysis and use as Bacillus substrates for the production of extracellular enzymes in continuous culture,” Enzyme Microb. Tech., vol. 22, pp. 130 – 137, 1998. [16] K. Anuradha, P. Naga-Padma, S. Venkateshwar, G. Reddy, “Fungal isolates from natural pectin substrates for polygalacturonase and multi-enzyme production,” Indian J. Microbiol., vol. 50, pp. 339 – 344, 2010.
[1] M.D. Adjei, and Y. Ohta, “Factors affecting the biodegradation of cyanide by Burkholderia cepacia strain C3,” J. Biosci. Bioeng., vol. 89, pp. 274 – 277, 2000. [2] N. Gupta, C. Balomajumder, and V.K. Agarwal, “Enzymatic mechanism and biochemistry for cyanide degradation: A review,” J. Hazard Mater., vol. 176, pp 1 – 13, 2010. [3] Y.B. Patil, and K.M. Paknikar, “Development of a process for biodetoxification of metal cyanides from wastewaters,” Process Biochem., vol. 35, pp. 1139 – 1151, 2000.[4] Y.K. Ozel, S, Gedikli, P. Aytar, A. Unal, M. Yamac, A. Cabuk, and N. Kolankaya, “New fungal biomasses for cyanide biodegradation," J. Biosci. Bioeng., vol. 110, pp. 431 – 435, 2010.
[5] M. Cantarella, L. Cantarella, A. Gallifuoco, and A.Spera, “Use of a UF-membrane reactor for controlling selectively the nitrile hydratase amidase system in Microbacterium imperial CBS 498-74 resting cells. Case study: benzonitrile conversion,” Enzyme Microb. Tech., vol. 38, pp. 126 – 134, 2006. [6] J. Varga, J.C. Frisvad, S. Kocsubé, B. Brankovics, B. Tóth, G. Szigeti, and R.A. Samson, “New and revisited species in Aspergillus section Nigri,” Stud. Mycol., vol. 69, pp. 1 – 17, 2011.
[7] S. Mrudula, and R. Anitharaj, 2011. “Pectinase production in solid state fermentation by Aspergillus niger using orange peel,” Global J. Biotech. Biochem., vol. 6, pp. 64 – 71, 2011. [8] S. Nataraja, D.M. Chetan, and M. Krishnappa, Effect of temperature on cellulose enzyme activity in crude extracts isolated from solid wastes microbes,” Int. J. Micr. Res., vol. 2, pp. 44 – 47, 2010.
[9] M.A. Rao, R. Scelza, R. Scotti, and L. Gianfreda, “Role of enzymes in the remediation of polluted environments,” J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., vol. 10, pp. 333 – 353, 2010. [10] S. Negi, and R. Banerjee, “Study of conformational changes in glucoamylase of Awamori nakazawa in presence of denaturants through CD-spectroscopy,” Bioresource Technol., vol. 101, pp. 7577 – 7580, 2010.
[11] B.A.Q. Santos, S.K.O. Ntwampe, J.H. Doughari, and G. Muchatibaya, “Application of citrus sinensis solid waste as a pseudo-catalyst for free cyanide conversion under alkaline conditions,” BioResources, vol. 8, pp. 3461 – 3467, 2013. [12] G.I. Miller, “Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugars,” Anal. Chem., vol. 31, pp. 426 – 428, 1959.
[13] V. Vejvoda, D. Kubac, A. Davidova, O. Kaplan, M. Sulc, O. Sveda, R. Chaloupkova, and L. Martinkova, “Purification and characterization of nitrilase from Fusarium solani IMI196840,” Process Biochem., vol. 45, pp. 1115 – 1120, 2010.
[14] D. Suman, and S.C. Santra, “Cyanide degradation by Aspergillus niger strain isolated from steel-plant wastewater,” Elec. J. Env. Agricult. Food Chem., vol. 10, pp. 2516 – 2522, 2011.
[15] A.U. Mahmood, J. Greenman, and A.H. Scragg, “Orange and potato peel extracts: analysis and use as Bacillus substrates for the production of extracellular enzymes in continuous culture,” Enzyme Microb. Tech., vol. 22, pp. 130 – 137, 1998. [16] K. Anuradha, P. Naga-Padma, S. Venkateshwar, G. Reddy, “Fungal isolates from natural pectin substrates for polygalacturonase and multi-enzyme production,” Indian J. Microbiol., vol. 50, pp. 339 – 344, 2010.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:57064", author = "Seteno K. O. Ntwampe and Bruno A. Q. Santos", title = "Potential of Agro-Waste Extracts as Supplements for the Continuous Bioremediation of Free Cyanide Contaminated Wastewater", abstract = "Different agricultural waste peels were assessed for
their suitability to be used as primary substrates for the
bioremediation of free cyanide (CN-) by a cyanide-degrading fungus
Aspergillus awamori isolated from cyanide containing wastewater.
The bioremediated CN- concentration were in the range of 36 to 110
mg CN-/L, with Orange (C. sinensis) > Carrot (D. carota) > Onion
(A. cepa) > Apple (M. pumila), being chosen as suitable substrates
for large scale CN- degradation processes due to: 1) the high
concentration of bioremediated CN-, 2) total reduced sugars released
into solution to sustain the biocatalyst, and 3) minimal residual NH4-
N concentration after fermentation. The bioremediation rate constants
(k) were 0.017h-1 (0h < t < 24h), with improved bioremediation rates
(0.02189h-1) observed after 24h. The averaged nitrilase activity was
~10 U/L.
", keywords = "Agricultural waste, Bioremediation, Cyanide,
Wastewater.", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "480-9", }
