Phytoremediation of Cd and Pb by Four Tropical Timber Species Grown on an Ex-tin Mine in Peninsular Malaysia
Contamination of heavy metals in tin tailings has
caused an interest in the scientific approach of their remediation. One
of the approaches is through phytoremediation, which is using tree
species to extract the heavy metals from the contaminated soils. Tin
tailings comprise of slime and sand tailings. This paper reports only
on the finding of the four timber species namely Acacia mangium,
Hopea odorata, Intsia palembanica and Swietenia macrophylla on
the removal of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from the slime tailings.
The methods employed for sampling and soil analysis are established
methods. Six trees of each species were randomly selected from a
0.25 ha plot for extraction and determination of their heavy metals.
The soil samples were systematically collected according to 5 x 5 m
grid from each plot. Results showed that the concentration of heavy
metals in soils and trees varied according to species. Higher
concentration of heavy metals was found in the stem than the
primary roots of all the species. A. Mangium accumulated the highest
total amount of Pb per hectare basis.
[1] Ang, L.H. and Ang, T.B. 2000. Greening the tin tailings area in
Malaysia. In: S. Appanah, M.Y. Yusmah, W.J. Astinah and K.C. Khoo
(eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Forestry and
Forest Products Research: 195-205. FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
[2] Ramli Mohd Osman & Ang, L.H. 1999. The occurrence of some
important potentially toxic trace elements in an ex-mining land located
in Bidor, Perak. In P120-127, Proceedings of Malaysian Science and
Technology Congress 1999. 8-10th November, Hilton Kuching, Sarawak.
[3] Ang, L.H., TB Ang and LT Ng. 1998. Site toxicity of tin tailings and its
implications on land use in Peninsular Malaysia. In P 116-123,
Proceedings of MSTC 1998. 23-25 November, 1998. Kota Kinabalu.
[4] Ang, L.H. & Ng, L.T. 2000. Trace element concentration in mango
(mangifera indica L.), seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.) and papaya
(Carica papaya L.) grown on agricultural and examining lands of Bidor,
Perak. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 23(1): 15-22.
[5] Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Ramli Mohd Osman, Maimon Abdullah, Chung,
P.Y. & Ng, L.T. 2000. The update of potentially toxic elements in some
economically important plants and fish produced from ex-mining sites in
Bidor, Perak. In Pxxxx, Proceedings of the Malaysian Science
Technology Convention 2000, 18-20 September, 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah.
[6] Pulford, I.D. & Watson, C. 2003. Environmental International 29
(2003):529-540
[7] Ho, W.M. and Ang L. H. 2003. Bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium,
arsenic and mercury from domestic sewage sludge in Acacia mangium
grown on sand tailings. Paper presented in COSTAM 2003, 12-14th
Kuching, Sarawak. 7p (Unpublished paper).
[8] Marcus Jopony. 1999. Phytoremediation as an alternative to
technologies for remediation of heavy metal contaminated site. In P128-
134, COSTAM, proceedings of MSTC 1999, 8-10 Nov, 1999. Kuching,
Sarawak.
[9] Li, M.S. 2006. Ecological restoration of ex-mineland with particular
reference to the metalliferous mine wasteland in China: A review of
research and practices Science and Environment 357 (2006):38-53
[10] AOAC methods. 1980. Official methods of analysis of the association
of official analytical chemists, Washington, D.C. P385-413.
[11] Ho, WM., Maimon A. & L.H. Ang. The concentrations of potentially
toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetables cultivated on sand tailings. In P109-
116, Proceedings of Malaysia Science and technology Congress 2000.
18-20, September 2000, USM, Sabah.
[12] Skorzynska-Polite, E. Basynski, T. 1997. Difference on sensitivity of the
photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to
their age. Plant Science 128: 11-21.
[13] Cunningham, S.D. & W. R. Beri. 2000. Phytoextraction and
phytostabilization: Technical, economic, and regulatory considerations
of the soil-Lead issue, Norman Terry(Ed.). Phytoremdiation of
contaminated soil and water. CRC Press LLC, Florida.
[14] Sharma P & R.S. Dubey. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Braz. J. Plant
Physiol. 17(1):35-52
[15] Mehra, R.K. & Tripathi, R.D. 2000. Phytochelatins and metal tolerance.
In Agrawal, S.B.. Agrawal, M.(Eds.). Environmental Pollution and
Plant Responses. Lewis Publisher. Boca Raton, FL, USA 367p.
[16] Rauser, W.F. 1995. Phytochelatins and related peptides structure,
biosynthesis, and functions. Plan Physio.109:1141-1149.
[17] Zenk, M.H. 1996. Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants- a review.
Gene 179:21-30.
[18] Larsson, H. Asp H., Bornman J. Influence of prior Cd2+ exposure on the
uptake od Cd2+ and other elements in the phytocheletion-deficient
mutant, cad1-3, of Arabidopsis thaliana, Jour. Experimental Botany,
2002:53(368):447-453.
[19] Liang YC. Wong JWC, Wei L. 2005. Silicon-mediated enhancement of
Cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Cadmium
contaminated soil. Chamosphere 58:475-483
[20] Song, A., Li, Z. Liang, Y. 2009. Silicon-mediated alleviation of
Cadmium toxicity in roots of Brassica chinensis is mainly attributable to
Silicon-enhanced antioxidant defense capacity and Silicon suppressed
oxidative damages. UC Davis. The proceedings of the International Plant
Nutrition Colloquium XVII. Retrieve from: http://
www.escholarship.org/UC/item/94p7w2cn
[21] Zhang CC, Wong LJ, Nie Q, Zhang WX, Zhang FS . 2008. Long-term
effects of exogenous silicon on Cadmium translocation and toxicity in
rice (Oryza sativa) Environ. Exp. Bot. 62:300-307.
[22] Redjala, Tanegmart, Streckeman, Thibault & Moral, Jean Louis. 2009.
Influence of plant cadmium content on root cadmium uptake. UC Davis.
The proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI..
Retrieve from: http://www.escholarship.org/UC/item/5xw4q4pm
[23] Niu, Z., Sun L., Sun T, Li Y.S. & Wang, H. 2006. Evaluation of
phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa abd
mustard in hydroponic culture.
[1] Ang, L.H. and Ang, T.B. 2000. Greening the tin tailings area in
Malaysia. In: S. Appanah, M.Y. Yusmah, W.J. Astinah and K.C. Khoo
(eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Forestry and
Forest Products Research: 195-205. FRIM, Kepong, Malaysia
[2] Ramli Mohd Osman & Ang, L.H. 1999. The occurrence of some
important potentially toxic trace elements in an ex-mining land located
in Bidor, Perak. In P120-127, Proceedings of Malaysian Science and
Technology Congress 1999. 8-10th November, Hilton Kuching, Sarawak.
[3] Ang, L.H., TB Ang and LT Ng. 1998. Site toxicity of tin tailings and its
implications on land use in Peninsular Malaysia. In P 116-123,
Proceedings of MSTC 1998. 23-25 November, 1998. Kota Kinabalu.
[4] Ang, L.H. & Ng, L.T. 2000. Trace element concentration in mango
(mangifera indica L.), seedless guava (Psidium guajava L.) and papaya
(Carica papaya L.) grown on agricultural and examining lands of Bidor,
Perak. Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 23(1): 15-22.
[5] Ang, L.H., Ho, W.M., Ramli Mohd Osman, Maimon Abdullah, Chung,
P.Y. & Ng, L.T. 2000. The update of potentially toxic elements in some
economically important plants and fish produced from ex-mining sites in
Bidor, Perak. In Pxxxx, Proceedings of the Malaysian Science
Technology Convention 2000, 18-20 September, 2000, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah.
[6] Pulford, I.D. & Watson, C. 2003. Environmental International 29
(2003):529-540
[7] Ho, W.M. and Ang L. H. 2003. Bioaccumulation of lead, cadmium,
arsenic and mercury from domestic sewage sludge in Acacia mangium
grown on sand tailings. Paper presented in COSTAM 2003, 12-14th
Kuching, Sarawak. 7p (Unpublished paper).
[8] Marcus Jopony. 1999. Phytoremediation as an alternative to
technologies for remediation of heavy metal contaminated site. In P128-
134, COSTAM, proceedings of MSTC 1999, 8-10 Nov, 1999. Kuching,
Sarawak.
[9] Li, M.S. 2006. Ecological restoration of ex-mineland with particular
reference to the metalliferous mine wasteland in China: A review of
research and practices Science and Environment 357 (2006):38-53
[10] AOAC methods. 1980. Official methods of analysis of the association
of official analytical chemists, Washington, D.C. P385-413.
[11] Ho, WM., Maimon A. & L.H. Ang. The concentrations of potentially
toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetables cultivated on sand tailings. In P109-
116, Proceedings of Malaysia Science and technology Congress 2000.
18-20, September 2000, USM, Sabah.
[12] Skorzynska-Polite, E. Basynski, T. 1997. Difference on sensitivity of the
photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to
their age. Plant Science 128: 11-21.
[13] Cunningham, S.D. & W. R. Beri. 2000. Phytoextraction and
phytostabilization: Technical, economic, and regulatory considerations
of the soil-Lead issue, Norman Terry(Ed.). Phytoremdiation of
contaminated soil and water. CRC Press LLC, Florida.
[14] Sharma P & R.S. Dubey. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Braz. J. Plant
Physiol. 17(1):35-52
[15] Mehra, R.K. & Tripathi, R.D. 2000. Phytochelatins and metal tolerance.
In Agrawal, S.B.. Agrawal, M.(Eds.). Environmental Pollution and
Plant Responses. Lewis Publisher. Boca Raton, FL, USA 367p.
[16] Rauser, W.F. 1995. Phytochelatins and related peptides structure,
biosynthesis, and functions. Plan Physio.109:1141-1149.
[17] Zenk, M.H. 1996. Heavy metal detoxification in higher plants- a review.
Gene 179:21-30.
[18] Larsson, H. Asp H., Bornman J. Influence of prior Cd2+ exposure on the
uptake od Cd2+ and other elements in the phytocheletion-deficient
mutant, cad1-3, of Arabidopsis thaliana, Jour. Experimental Botany,
2002:53(368):447-453.
[19] Liang YC. Wong JWC, Wei L. 2005. Silicon-mediated enhancement of
Cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in Cadmium
contaminated soil. Chamosphere 58:475-483
[20] Song, A., Li, Z. Liang, Y. 2009. Silicon-mediated alleviation of
Cadmium toxicity in roots of Brassica chinensis is mainly attributable to
Silicon-enhanced antioxidant defense capacity and Silicon suppressed
oxidative damages. UC Davis. The proceedings of the International Plant
Nutrition Colloquium XVII. Retrieve from: http://
www.escholarship.org/UC/item/94p7w2cn
[21] Zhang CC, Wong LJ, Nie Q, Zhang WX, Zhang FS . 2008. Long-term
effects of exogenous silicon on Cadmium translocation and toxicity in
rice (Oryza sativa) Environ. Exp. Bot. 62:300-307.
[22] Redjala, Tanegmart, Streckeman, Thibault & Moral, Jean Louis. 2009.
Influence of plant cadmium content on root cadmium uptake. UC Davis.
The proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium XVI..
Retrieve from: http://www.escholarship.org/UC/item/5xw4q4pm
[23] Niu, Z., Sun L., Sun T, Li Y.S. & Wang, H. 2006. Evaluation of
phytoextracting cadmium and lead by sunflower, ricinus, alfalfa abd
mustard in hydroponic culture.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:54784", author = "Lai Hoe Ang and Lai Kuen Tang and Wai Mun Ho and Ting Fui Hui and Gary W. Theseira", title = "Phytoremediation of Cd and Pb by Four Tropical Timber Species Grown on an Ex-tin Mine in Peninsular Malaysia", abstract = "Contamination of heavy metals in tin tailings has
caused an interest in the scientific approach of their remediation. One
of the approaches is through phytoremediation, which is using tree
species to extract the heavy metals from the contaminated soils. Tin
tailings comprise of slime and sand tailings. This paper reports only
on the finding of the four timber species namely Acacia mangium,
Hopea odorata, Intsia palembanica and Swietenia macrophylla on
the removal of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from the slime tailings.
The methods employed for sampling and soil analysis are established
methods. Six trees of each species were randomly selected from a
0.25 ha plot for extraction and determination of their heavy metals.
The soil samples were systematically collected according to 5 x 5 m
grid from each plot. Results showed that the concentration of heavy
metals in soils and trees varied according to species. Higher
concentration of heavy metals was found in the stem than the
primary roots of all the species. A. Mangium accumulated the highest
total amount of Pb per hectare basis.", keywords = "Cd, Pb, Phytoremediation of slimetailings, timber species.", volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "79-5", }
