Performance Analysis of Heat Pipe Using Copper Nanofluid with Aqueous Solution of n-Butanol
This study presents the improvement of thermal
performance of heat pipe using copper nanofluid with aqueous
solution of n-Butanol. The nanofluids kept in the suspension of
conventional fluids have the potential of superior heat transfer
capability than the conventional fluids due to their improved thermal
conductivity. In this work, the copper nanofluid which has a 40 nm
size with a concentration of 100 mg/lit is kept in the suspension of
the de-ionized (DI) water and an aqueous solution of n-Butanol and
these fluids are used as a working medium in the heat pipe. The study
discusses about the effect of heat pipe inclination, type of working
fluid and heat input on the thermal efficiency and thermal resistance.
The experimental results are evaluated in terms of its performance
metrics and are compared with that of DI water.
[1] S.H. Noie, "Heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed
thermosyphon", Applied Thermal Engineering vol.25, 2005, pp. 495-
506.
[2] D.A. Reay, P.A. Kew, Heat Pipes, fifth ed., Butterworth-Heinemann,
Oxford, 2006.
[3] Chandourene S, Gruss A, "Theoretical and experimental study of high
temperature heat pipe heat exchanger application to 1300kW respirator,"
Sixth International heat pipe Conference Grenoffle, France 1987.
[4] Littwin D.A, Willis D.B, "The use of heat pipes to conserve energy in
petroleum refineries", Energy Process, 1985, pp. 198-202.
[5] Kaminaga F, Hashimoto H, Feroz C, Goto K, Masumura K, "Heat
transfer characteristics of evaporation and condensation in a two-phase
closed thermosyphon", Proc. 10th Int. Heat pipe Conf., Germany,1987.
[6] Bloem H, De-Grijis J.C, Devaan R.L.C, "An evacuated tubular solar
collector incorporating a heat pipe", Philips Technical Rev, vol.40,
1982, pp. 181-191.
[7] Mariya Ivanova, Yvan Avenas, Christian Schaeffer, Jean-Bernard
Dezord, and Juergen Schulz-Harder, Heat Pipe Integrated in Direct
Bonded Copper (DBC) Technology for Cooling of Power Electronics
Packaging, IEEE Transactions of Power electronics, 21 (6) (2006) 1541-
1547.
[8] Sonan R, Harmand S, Pellé J, Leger D, Fakès M, "Transient thermal and
hydrodynamic model of flat heat pipe for the cooling of electronics
components", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.51,
2008, pp. 6006-6017.
[9] S. Lin, P.A. Kew, K. Cornwell, "Two-phase heat transfer to a refrigerant
in a 1 mm diameter tube", International Journal of Refrigeration, vol.24,
2001, pp. 51-56.
[10] F. Song, D. Ewing, C.Y. Ching, Experimental investigation on the heat
transfer characteristics of axial rotating heat pipes, International Journal
of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 4721-4731.
[11] Y. Xuan, Y. Hong, Q. Li, "Investigation on transient behaviors of flat
plate heat pipes", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 28,
2004, pp. 249-255.
[12] Liu D, Tang G.F, Zhao F.Y, Wang H.Q, "Modeling and experimental
investigation of looped separate heat pipe as waste heat recovery
facility", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.26, 2006, pp. 2433-2441.
[13] Nengli Zhang, "Innovative heat pipe systems using a new working
fluid", Inl. Comm. Heat & Mass Transfer, vol.28(8), 2001, pp. 1025-
1033.
[14] Vochten R, and Petre G, "Study of the Heat of Reversible Adsorption at
the Air-Solution Interface, II. Experimental Determination of the Heat of
Reversible Adsorption of Some Alcohols", J. Cillid and Interface
Science, vol.42, 1973, pp. 320-327.
[15] Alexander Oron and Philip Rosenau, "On a nonlinear thermocapillary
effect in thin liquid layers", J.Fluid Mech., vol.273, 1994, pp.361-374.
[16] S.U.S. Choi, "Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with
nanoparticles", vol. 231, ASME, FED, 1995.
[17] S. Lee, S.U.S. Choi, J.A. Eastman, S. Lee, "Measuring thermal
conductivity of fluids containing oxide nano-particles", Transaction of
ASME, vol. 121, 1999, pp. 280-289.
[18] S.U.S. Choi, X. Wang, W. Xu, "Thermal conductivity of nanoparticlefluid
mixture", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, vol.13 (4),
1999, pp. 474-480.
[19] H. Xie, J. Wang, T. Xi, "Thermal conductivity of suspensions containing
nano-sized SiC particles", International Journal of Thermophysics,
vol.23 (2),2002.
[20] Y. Xuan, Q. Li, "Investigation on convective heat transfer and flow
features of nano-fluids", Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 125, 2003, pp.
151-155.
[21] Z. Liu, J. Xiong, R. Bao, "Boiling heat transfer characteristics of
nanofluids in a flat heat pipe evaporator with micro-grooved heating
surface", Int. J. Multiphase Flow, vol.33, 2007, pp. 1284-1295.
[22] R.R. Riehl, "Analysis of loop heat pipe behavior using nanofluid" Heat
Powered Cycles International Conference (HPC), New Castle, UK,
Paper 06102, 2006.
[23] C.Y. Tsaia, H.T. Chiena, P.P. Dingb, B. Chanc, T.Y. Luhd, P.H. Chena,
"Effect of structural character of gold nanoparticles in nanofluid on heat
pipe thermal performance", Mater. Lett. vol.58, 2004, pp. 1461-1465.
[24] K.H. Do, S.P. Jang, "Effect of nanofluids on the thermal performance of
a flat micro heat pipe with a rectangular grooved wick", Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer, vol. 53, 2010, pp. 2183-2192.
[25] X.F. Yang, Z. Liu, J. Zhao, "Heat transfer performance of a horizontal
microgrooved heat pipe using CuO nanofluid", J. Micromech. Microeng.
vol.18, 2008, no. 035038.
[26] H.D. Kim, J. Kim, M.H. Kim, "Experimental studies on CHF
characteristics of nano-fluids at pool boiling", Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol.
33, 2007, pp. 691-706.
[1] S.H. Noie, "Heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed
thermosyphon", Applied Thermal Engineering vol.25, 2005, pp. 495-
506.
[2] D.A. Reay, P.A. Kew, Heat Pipes, fifth ed., Butterworth-Heinemann,
Oxford, 2006.
[3] Chandourene S, Gruss A, "Theoretical and experimental study of high
temperature heat pipe heat exchanger application to 1300kW respirator,"
Sixth International heat pipe Conference Grenoffle, France 1987.
[4] Littwin D.A, Willis D.B, "The use of heat pipes to conserve energy in
petroleum refineries", Energy Process, 1985, pp. 198-202.
[5] Kaminaga F, Hashimoto H, Feroz C, Goto K, Masumura K, "Heat
transfer characteristics of evaporation and condensation in a two-phase
closed thermosyphon", Proc. 10th Int. Heat pipe Conf., Germany,1987.
[6] Bloem H, De-Grijis J.C, Devaan R.L.C, "An evacuated tubular solar
collector incorporating a heat pipe", Philips Technical Rev, vol.40,
1982, pp. 181-191.
[7] Mariya Ivanova, Yvan Avenas, Christian Schaeffer, Jean-Bernard
Dezord, and Juergen Schulz-Harder, Heat Pipe Integrated in Direct
Bonded Copper (DBC) Technology for Cooling of Power Electronics
Packaging, IEEE Transactions of Power electronics, 21 (6) (2006) 1541-
1547.
[8] Sonan R, Harmand S, Pellé J, Leger D, Fakès M, "Transient thermal and
hydrodynamic model of flat heat pipe for the cooling of electronics
components", International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.51,
2008, pp. 6006-6017.
[9] S. Lin, P.A. Kew, K. Cornwell, "Two-phase heat transfer to a refrigerant
in a 1 mm diameter tube", International Journal of Refrigeration, vol.24,
2001, pp. 51-56.
[10] F. Song, D. Ewing, C.Y. Ching, Experimental investigation on the heat
transfer characteristics of axial rotating heat pipes, International Journal
of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 4721-4731.
[11] Y. Xuan, Y. Hong, Q. Li, "Investigation on transient behaviors of flat
plate heat pipes", Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol. 28,
2004, pp. 249-255.
[12] Liu D, Tang G.F, Zhao F.Y, Wang H.Q, "Modeling and experimental
investigation of looped separate heat pipe as waste heat recovery
facility", Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.26, 2006, pp. 2433-2441.
[13] Nengli Zhang, "Innovative heat pipe systems using a new working
fluid", Inl. Comm. Heat & Mass Transfer, vol.28(8), 2001, pp. 1025-
1033.
[14] Vochten R, and Petre G, "Study of the Heat of Reversible Adsorption at
the Air-Solution Interface, II. Experimental Determination of the Heat of
Reversible Adsorption of Some Alcohols", J. Cillid and Interface
Science, vol.42, 1973, pp. 320-327.
[15] Alexander Oron and Philip Rosenau, "On a nonlinear thermocapillary
effect in thin liquid layers", J.Fluid Mech., vol.273, 1994, pp.361-374.
[16] S.U.S. Choi, "Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with
nanoparticles", vol. 231, ASME, FED, 1995.
[17] S. Lee, S.U.S. Choi, J.A. Eastman, S. Lee, "Measuring thermal
conductivity of fluids containing oxide nano-particles", Transaction of
ASME, vol. 121, 1999, pp. 280-289.
[18] S.U.S. Choi, X. Wang, W. Xu, "Thermal conductivity of nanoparticlefluid
mixture", Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, vol.13 (4),
1999, pp. 474-480.
[19] H. Xie, J. Wang, T. Xi, "Thermal conductivity of suspensions containing
nano-sized SiC particles", International Journal of Thermophysics,
vol.23 (2),2002.
[20] Y. Xuan, Q. Li, "Investigation on convective heat transfer and flow
features of nano-fluids", Journal of Heat Transfer, vol. 125, 2003, pp.
151-155.
[21] Z. Liu, J. Xiong, R. Bao, "Boiling heat transfer characteristics of
nanofluids in a flat heat pipe evaporator with micro-grooved heating
surface", Int. J. Multiphase Flow, vol.33, 2007, pp. 1284-1295.
[22] R.R. Riehl, "Analysis of loop heat pipe behavior using nanofluid" Heat
Powered Cycles International Conference (HPC), New Castle, UK,
Paper 06102, 2006.
[23] C.Y. Tsaia, H.T. Chiena, P.P. Dingb, B. Chanc, T.Y. Luhd, P.H. Chena,
"Effect of structural character of gold nanoparticles in nanofluid on heat
pipe thermal performance", Mater. Lett. vol.58, 2004, pp. 1461-1465.
[24] K.H. Do, S.P. Jang, "Effect of nanofluids on the thermal performance of
a flat micro heat pipe with a rectangular grooved wick", Int. J. Heat
Mass Transfer, vol. 53, 2010, pp. 2183-2192.
[25] X.F. Yang, Z. Liu, J. Zhao, "Heat transfer performance of a horizontal
microgrooved heat pipe using CuO nanofluid", J. Micromech. Microeng.
vol.18, 2008, no. 035038.
[26] H.D. Kim, J. Kim, M.H. Kim, "Experimental studies on CHF
characteristics of nano-fluids at pool boiling", Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol.
33, 2007, pp. 691-706.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:58910", author = "Senthilkumar R and Vaidyanathan S and Sivaraman B", title = "Performance Analysis of Heat Pipe Using Copper Nanofluid with Aqueous Solution of n-Butanol", abstract = "This study presents the improvement of thermal
performance of heat pipe using copper nanofluid with aqueous
solution of n-Butanol. The nanofluids kept in the suspension of
conventional fluids have the potential of superior heat transfer
capability than the conventional fluids due to their improved thermal
conductivity. In this work, the copper nanofluid which has a 40 nm
size with a concentration of 100 mg/lit is kept in the suspension of
the de-ionized (DI) water and an aqueous solution of n-Butanol and
these fluids are used as a working medium in the heat pipe. The study
discusses about the effect of heat pipe inclination, type of working
fluid and heat input on the thermal efficiency and thermal resistance.
The experimental results are evaluated in terms of its performance
metrics and are compared with that of DI water.", keywords = "copper nanofluid with aqueous solution of n-Butanol, heat pipe, thermal efficiency, thermal resistance", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "393-6", }
