Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept in Greece
This study attempts to clarify major perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Greek market related to companies that have sufficient CSR. An empirical analysis was undertaken, based on literature review and previous observations and surveys, in order to provide a general analysis of the CSR concept in Greece. The results of Accountability Rating institution were used in order to identify companies that adopt an integrated social responsibility approach. Companies that responded to the survey are both regional and international and belong to different industrial fields. Some of the main survey results reveal: multiple aspects for the CSR concept, weak consensus as regards the importance of stakeholders and benefits from the CSR implementation, the important role of CSR in the decision procedure and CSR practices concerning social issues that affect mostly company-s competitiveness. Sharing companies- experience could address common social issues through CSR best practices and develop new knowledge.
[1] A. Azapagic, "Systems approach to corporate sustainability: A general
management framework," Process Safety & Environmental Protection:
Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B, vol. 81,
no. 5, pp.303-316, 2003.
[2] A. Tencati, F. Perrini, and S. Pogutz "New Tools to Foster Corporate
Socially Responsible Behavior," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 53, pp.
173-190, 2004.
[3] A. Waddock, and S. B. Graves, "The corporate social performancefinancial
performance link," Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, no.
4, pp. 303-319, 1997.
[4] B. Carroll, "A Commentary and an Overview of Key Questions on
Corporate Social Performance Measurement," BUSINESS & SOCIETY,
vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 466-478, 2000.
[5] B. Carroll, "The Four Faces of Corporate Citizenship," Business and
Society Review, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 1998.
[6] B. E. Clarkson, "A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating
corporate social performance," Acad Manage Rev, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 92-
117, 1995
[7] B. Tsakarestou, Corporate Social Responsibility in Greece. Issues and
Prospects. Executive summary. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Network for
Corporate Social Responsibility, 2001.
[8] B. Werther, and D. Chandler, "Strategic corporate social responsibility
as global brand insurance," Business Horizons, vol. 48, pp. 317-324,
2005.
[9] Business and Sustainable Development Global. Available at:
http://www.bsdglobal.com/
[10] Business for Social Responsibility (BSR). Available at:
http://www.bsr.org
[11] C. Mills, C. Siriopoulos, R. N. Markellos, and D. Harizanis "Seasonality
in the Athens stock exchange," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 10,
pp. 137-42, 2000.
[12] C. Schmidt, "Managing Delphi Surveys Using Nonparametric Statistical
Techniques", Decision Sciences, vol. 28, no. 3, pp.763-74, 1997.
[13] Calvert Index. Available at: www.calvert.com
[14] Commission of the European Communities, Corporate Social
Responsibility: A business contribution to Sustainable Development,
Brussels, 2002.
[15] Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper: Promoting a
European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, Brussels,
2001.
[16] D. Margolis, and J. P. Walsh, People and Profits: The Search for a Link
between a Company-s Social and Financial Performance, Erlbaum,
Mahwah, N.J., 2001.
[17] D. McGuire and M. Cseh, "The development of the field of HRD: a
Delphi study," Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 30, no. 8,
2006
[18] Deni Greene Consulting Services, "Socially Responsible Investment in
Australia", Benchmarking Survey conducted for the Ethical Investment,
Association, 2004. Available at:
http://eia.org.au/files/MNJLXB5Z5K/2004% 20SRI%
20benchmarking.pdf
[19] Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI). Available at:
http://www.sustainability-index.com
[20] E. Drimbetas, N. Sariannidis, and N. Porfiris, "The Effect of Derivatives
Trading on Volatility of the Underlying Asset: Evidence from the Greek
Stock Market," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 17, pp. 139-148,
2007.
[21] E. H. Creyer, and W. T. Ross, "The Influence of Firm Behavior on
Purchase Intention: Do Consumers Really Care About Business
Ethics?," Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 421-432,
1997.
[22] E. Porter, and M. R. Kramer, "Strategy and Society - The Link Between
Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility," Harvard
Business Review, HBR Spotlight, 2006.
[23] Economic and Social Committee of Greece, "Opinion on CSR," 2003.
Available at: www.oke.gr
[24] Ethibel Sustainable Index. Available at: www.ethibel.org
[25] Ethos Institute. Available at:
http://www.ethos.org.br/desktopdefault.aspx?alias=ethosenglish&lang=e
n-us
[26] EuroCharity. Available at: www.eurocharity.org
[27] European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR, (2004), "Corporate Social
Responsibility-Final results & recommendations," Final Report.
Available at:
http://circa.europa.eu/irc/empl/csr_eu_multi_stakeholder_forum/info/dat
a/en/CSR%20Forum%20final%20report.pdf
[28] FTSE4Good. Available at:
http://www.ftse.com/Indices/FTSE4Good_Index_Series/index.jsp
[29] Global Reporting Initiative. Available at: www.globalreporting.org
[30] H. Blumberg, C. Fuller, and A. Hare, "Response rates in postal survey,"
Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 38, pp. 113-23, 1974.
[31] Hellenic Network for Corporate Social Responsibility, Survey on CSR
in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Athens, Greece, 2006.
[32] Hellenic Network for Corporate Social Responsibility. Available at:
www.csrhellas.org
[33] I. Fafaliou, M. Lekakou, and I. Theotokas, "Is the European shipping
industry aware of corporate social responsibility? The case of the Greekowned
short sea shipping companies," Marine Policy, vol. 30, pp. 412-
419, 2006.
[34] I. Maignan, and O. C. Ferrell, "Corporate social responsibility and
marketing: an integrative framework," Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3-19, 2004.
[35] Institute of Social Innovation. Available at: www.socialinnovation.gr
[36] J. Dawkins and S. Lewis, "CSR in Stakeholder Expectations: And Their
Implication for Company Strategy," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 44,
pp. 185-193, 2003.
[37] J. J. Graafland, S. C. W. Eijffinger, and H. Smid, "Benchmarking of
Corporate Social Responsibility: Methodological Problems and
Robustness", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 53, pp. 137-52, 2004.
[38] Jantzi Social Index. Available at: www.jantzisocialindex.com
[39] JSE SRI Index. Available at: http://www.jse.co.za/sri
[40] KLD. Available at: www.kld.com
[41] KPMG, International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting
2005, KPMG Global Sustainable Services, Amsterdam, 2005.
[42] L. Stainer, "Performance management and corporate social
responsibility: the strategic connection," Strat. Change, vol. 15, pp. 253-
264, 2006.
[43] M. G. Kendall, Rank Correlation Methods. New York: Hafner
Publishing Co., 1955.
[44] M. Hopkins, "Corporate social responsibility: an issues paper," Working
Paper No. 27, Policy Integration Department World Commission on the
Social Dimension of Globalization International Labour Office Geneva,
2004.
[45] M. J. Epstein, and M.-J. Roy, "Sustainability in action: Identifying and
measuring the key performance drivers," Long Range Planning, vol. 34,
no. 5, pp. 585-604, 2001.
[46] M. J. Munoz-Torres, M. A. Fernandez-Izquierdo, and M. R. Balaguer-
Franch, "The Social Responsibility Performance of Ethical and
Solidarity Funds: An Approach to the Case of Spain," Business Ethics,
vol. 13, no. 2-3, pp. 200-218, 2004.
[47] M. Kontaxi, Survey for Corporate Social Responsibility in Greek
business, PriceWaterHouseCoopers, Athens, 2004.
[48] M. Longo, M. Mura, and A. Bonoli, "Corporate Social Responsibility
and Corporate Performance: The Case of Italian SMEs", Corporate
Governance, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 28-42, 2005.
[49] M. Palazzi, and G. Starcher, "Corporate Social Responsibility and
Business Success," 2001, paper found in the web-site:
http://www.ebbf.org.
[50] M. Roman, S. Hayibor, and B. R. Agle, "The Relationship Between
Social and Financial Performance," BUSINESS & SOCIETY, vol. 38, no.
1, pp. 109-125, 1999.
[51] M. Weber, "The business case for corporate social responsibility: A
company-level measurement approach for CSR," European
Management Journal, vol. 24, no. 4, 2008.
[52] M. Willmott, Citizen Brands. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2001.
[53] Maala Index. Available at:
http://www.maala.org.il/eng/tools/index/01/default.asp?ContentID=338
[54] MORI (2006) "Engaging Employees through Corporate Responsibility".
Available at: http://www.ipsos-mori.com/_assets/erm/engagingemployees-
through-corporate-responsibility.pdf
[55] N. Sariannidis, E. Drimbetas, and G. Konteos, "Impact of International
Volatility, the Euro, and Derivatives on a Small Stock Market,"
International Review of Applied Economic Research, vol.1, pp. 1-22,
2006.
[56] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Available at: www.oecd.org
[57] P. Alexakis, and M. Xanthakis, "Day of the week effect on the Greek
stock market," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 5, pp. 43-50, 1995.
[58] P. Arlow, and M. J. Gannon, "Social Responsiveness, Corporate
Structure and Economic Performance," Academy of Management
Review, Vol. 7, pp. 235-241, 1982.
[59] P. Bansal, and K. Roth, "Why Companies Go Green: A Model of
Ecological Responsiveness," The Academy of Management Journal, vol.
43, no. 4, pp. 717-736, 2000.
[60] P. Kotler, and N. Lee, Corporate Social Responsibility. Doing the Most
Good for Your Company and Your Cause. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
[61] P. Lantos, "The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility,"
Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 595-632, 2001.
[62] P. Matthew, and A. Aseem, "Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance:
ISO 14001 and Firms- Regulatory Compliance," American Journal of
Political Science, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 235-248, 2005.
[63] S. Brammer and A. Millington, "Corporate Reputation and Philanthropy:
An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 61, pp. 29-44,
2005.
[64] S. Gyves, and E. O'Higgins, "Corporate social responsibility: an avenue
for sustainable benefit for society and the firm?," Society and Business
Review, vol. 3, nol. 3, pp. 207-223, 2008.
[65] S. N. Craig "Corporate Social Responsibility: whether or how",
California Management Review, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 52-76, 2003.
[66] S. Sharma, J. Sharma, and A. Devi, "Corporate Social Responsibility:
The Key Role of Human Resource Management," Business Intelligence
Journal, vol. 2, no.1, 2009.
[67] S. Siegel, and N. Castellan, Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioral
Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1998.
[68] S. T. Cavusgil, and L. A. Elvey-Kirk, "Mail Survey Response Behavior;
A Conceptualization of Motivating Factors and Empirical Study,"
European Journal of Marketing, vol. 32, pp. 1165-92, 1998.
[69] Social Investment Forum, 2005 Report on Socially Responsible
Investing Trends in the United States 10-YEAR REVIEW, Washington
DC, 2006.
[70] T. Donaldson, and L. E. Preston, "The stakeholder theory of the
corporation: concepts, evidence, and implications," Acad Manage Rev,
vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 1995
[71] T. Kitchin, "Corporate social responsibility - a brand explanation,"
Brand Management, vol. 10, no. 4/5, pp. 312-326, 2002.
[72] United Nation Global Compact. Available at:
www.unglobalcompact.org
[73] W. Edwards and J. R. Newman, Multiattribute Evaluation, SAGE
Publications, In., 1982.
[74] W. Greening, and D. B. Turban, "Corporate social performance as a
competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce," Business and
Society, vol. 39, 254-280, 2000.
[75] W. Schiebel, and S. Pochtrager, "Corporate ethics as a factor for success
- the measurement instrument of the University of Agricultural Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna," Supply Chain Management: An International
Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 116-121, 2003.
[76] World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Available at:
www.wbcsd.or
[1] A. Azapagic, "Systems approach to corporate sustainability: A general
management framework," Process Safety & Environmental Protection:
Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, Part B, vol. 81,
no. 5, pp.303-316, 2003.
[2] A. Tencati, F. Perrini, and S. Pogutz "New Tools to Foster Corporate
Socially Responsible Behavior," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 53, pp.
173-190, 2004.
[3] A. Waddock, and S. B. Graves, "The corporate social performancefinancial
performance link," Strategic Management Journal, vol. 18, no.
4, pp. 303-319, 1997.
[4] B. Carroll, "A Commentary and an Overview of Key Questions on
Corporate Social Performance Measurement," BUSINESS & SOCIETY,
vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 466-478, 2000.
[5] B. Carroll, "The Four Faces of Corporate Citizenship," Business and
Society Review, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 1998.
[6] B. E. Clarkson, "A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating
corporate social performance," Acad Manage Rev, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 92-
117, 1995
[7] B. Tsakarestou, Corporate Social Responsibility in Greece. Issues and
Prospects. Executive summary. Athens, Greece: Hellenic Network for
Corporate Social Responsibility, 2001.
[8] B. Werther, and D. Chandler, "Strategic corporate social responsibility
as global brand insurance," Business Horizons, vol. 48, pp. 317-324,
2005.
[9] Business and Sustainable Development Global. Available at:
http://www.bsdglobal.com/
[10] Business for Social Responsibility (BSR). Available at:
http://www.bsr.org
[11] C. Mills, C. Siriopoulos, R. N. Markellos, and D. Harizanis "Seasonality
in the Athens stock exchange," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 10,
pp. 137-42, 2000.
[12] C. Schmidt, "Managing Delphi Surveys Using Nonparametric Statistical
Techniques", Decision Sciences, vol. 28, no. 3, pp.763-74, 1997.
[13] Calvert Index. Available at: www.calvert.com
[14] Commission of the European Communities, Corporate Social
Responsibility: A business contribution to Sustainable Development,
Brussels, 2002.
[15] Commission of the European Communities, Green Paper: Promoting a
European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility, Brussels,
2001.
[16] D. Margolis, and J. P. Walsh, People and Profits: The Search for a Link
between a Company-s Social and Financial Performance, Erlbaum,
Mahwah, N.J., 2001.
[17] D. McGuire and M. Cseh, "The development of the field of HRD: a
Delphi study," Journal of European Industrial Training, vol. 30, no. 8,
2006
[18] Deni Greene Consulting Services, "Socially Responsible Investment in
Australia", Benchmarking Survey conducted for the Ethical Investment,
Association, 2004. Available at:
http://eia.org.au/files/MNJLXB5Z5K/2004% 20SRI%
20benchmarking.pdf
[19] Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI). Available at:
http://www.sustainability-index.com
[20] E. Drimbetas, N. Sariannidis, and N. Porfiris, "The Effect of Derivatives
Trading on Volatility of the Underlying Asset: Evidence from the Greek
Stock Market," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 17, pp. 139-148,
2007.
[21] E. H. Creyer, and W. T. Ross, "The Influence of Firm Behavior on
Purchase Intention: Do Consumers Really Care About Business
Ethics?," Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 421-432,
1997.
[22] E. Porter, and M. R. Kramer, "Strategy and Society - The Link Between
Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility," Harvard
Business Review, HBR Spotlight, 2006.
[23] Economic and Social Committee of Greece, "Opinion on CSR," 2003.
Available at: www.oke.gr
[24] Ethibel Sustainable Index. Available at: www.ethibel.org
[25] Ethos Institute. Available at:
http://www.ethos.org.br/desktopdefault.aspx?alias=ethosenglish&lang=e
n-us
[26] EuroCharity. Available at: www.eurocharity.org
[27] European Multistakeholder Forum on CSR, (2004), "Corporate Social
Responsibility-Final results & recommendations," Final Report.
Available at:
http://circa.europa.eu/irc/empl/csr_eu_multi_stakeholder_forum/info/dat
a/en/CSR%20Forum%20final%20report.pdf
[28] FTSE4Good. Available at:
http://www.ftse.com/Indices/FTSE4Good_Index_Series/index.jsp
[29] Global Reporting Initiative. Available at: www.globalreporting.org
[30] H. Blumberg, C. Fuller, and A. Hare, "Response rates in postal survey,"
Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 38, pp. 113-23, 1974.
[31] Hellenic Network for Corporate Social Responsibility, Survey on CSR
in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Athens, Greece, 2006.
[32] Hellenic Network for Corporate Social Responsibility. Available at:
www.csrhellas.org
[33] I. Fafaliou, M. Lekakou, and I. Theotokas, "Is the European shipping
industry aware of corporate social responsibility? The case of the Greekowned
short sea shipping companies," Marine Policy, vol. 30, pp. 412-
419, 2006.
[34] I. Maignan, and O. C. Ferrell, "Corporate social responsibility and
marketing: an integrative framework," Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3-19, 2004.
[35] Institute of Social Innovation. Available at: www.socialinnovation.gr
[36] J. Dawkins and S. Lewis, "CSR in Stakeholder Expectations: And Their
Implication for Company Strategy," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 44,
pp. 185-193, 2003.
[37] J. J. Graafland, S. C. W. Eijffinger, and H. Smid, "Benchmarking of
Corporate Social Responsibility: Methodological Problems and
Robustness", Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 53, pp. 137-52, 2004.
[38] Jantzi Social Index. Available at: www.jantzisocialindex.com
[39] JSE SRI Index. Available at: http://www.jse.co.za/sri
[40] KLD. Available at: www.kld.com
[41] KPMG, International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting
2005, KPMG Global Sustainable Services, Amsterdam, 2005.
[42] L. Stainer, "Performance management and corporate social
responsibility: the strategic connection," Strat. Change, vol. 15, pp. 253-
264, 2006.
[43] M. G. Kendall, Rank Correlation Methods. New York: Hafner
Publishing Co., 1955.
[44] M. Hopkins, "Corporate social responsibility: an issues paper," Working
Paper No. 27, Policy Integration Department World Commission on the
Social Dimension of Globalization International Labour Office Geneva,
2004.
[45] M. J. Epstein, and M.-J. Roy, "Sustainability in action: Identifying and
measuring the key performance drivers," Long Range Planning, vol. 34,
no. 5, pp. 585-604, 2001.
[46] M. J. Munoz-Torres, M. A. Fernandez-Izquierdo, and M. R. Balaguer-
Franch, "The Social Responsibility Performance of Ethical and
Solidarity Funds: An Approach to the Case of Spain," Business Ethics,
vol. 13, no. 2-3, pp. 200-218, 2004.
[47] M. Kontaxi, Survey for Corporate Social Responsibility in Greek
business, PriceWaterHouseCoopers, Athens, 2004.
[48] M. Longo, M. Mura, and A. Bonoli, "Corporate Social Responsibility
and Corporate Performance: The Case of Italian SMEs", Corporate
Governance, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 28-42, 2005.
[49] M. Palazzi, and G. Starcher, "Corporate Social Responsibility and
Business Success," 2001, paper found in the web-site:
http://www.ebbf.org.
[50] M. Roman, S. Hayibor, and B. R. Agle, "The Relationship Between
Social and Financial Performance," BUSINESS & SOCIETY, vol. 38, no.
1, pp. 109-125, 1999.
[51] M. Weber, "The business case for corporate social responsibility: A
company-level measurement approach for CSR," European
Management Journal, vol. 24, no. 4, 2008.
[52] M. Willmott, Citizen Brands. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2001.
[53] Maala Index. Available at:
http://www.maala.org.il/eng/tools/index/01/default.asp?ContentID=338
[54] MORI (2006) "Engaging Employees through Corporate Responsibility".
Available at: http://www.ipsos-mori.com/_assets/erm/engagingemployees-
through-corporate-responsibility.pdf
[55] N. Sariannidis, E. Drimbetas, and G. Konteos, "Impact of International
Volatility, the Euro, and Derivatives on a Small Stock Market,"
International Review of Applied Economic Research, vol.1, pp. 1-22,
2006.
[56] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
Available at: www.oecd.org
[57] P. Alexakis, and M. Xanthakis, "Day of the week effect on the Greek
stock market," Applied Financial Economics, vol. 5, pp. 43-50, 1995.
[58] P. Arlow, and M. J. Gannon, "Social Responsiveness, Corporate
Structure and Economic Performance," Academy of Management
Review, Vol. 7, pp. 235-241, 1982.
[59] P. Bansal, and K. Roth, "Why Companies Go Green: A Model of
Ecological Responsiveness," The Academy of Management Journal, vol.
43, no. 4, pp. 717-736, 2000.
[60] P. Kotler, and N. Lee, Corporate Social Responsibility. Doing the Most
Good for Your Company and Your Cause. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Hoboken, NJ, 2005.
[61] P. Lantos, "The boundaries of strategic corporate social responsibility,"
Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 595-632, 2001.
[62] P. Matthew, and A. Aseem, "Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance:
ISO 14001 and Firms- Regulatory Compliance," American Journal of
Political Science, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 235-248, 2005.
[63] S. Brammer and A. Millington, "Corporate Reputation and Philanthropy:
An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 61, pp. 29-44,
2005.
[64] S. Gyves, and E. O'Higgins, "Corporate social responsibility: an avenue
for sustainable benefit for society and the firm?," Society and Business
Review, vol. 3, nol. 3, pp. 207-223, 2008.
[65] S. N. Craig "Corporate Social Responsibility: whether or how",
California Management Review, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 52-76, 2003.
[66] S. Sharma, J. Sharma, and A. Devi, "Corporate Social Responsibility:
The Key Role of Human Resource Management," Business Intelligence
Journal, vol. 2, no.1, 2009.
[67] S. Siegel, and N. Castellan, Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioral
Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1998.
[68] S. T. Cavusgil, and L. A. Elvey-Kirk, "Mail Survey Response Behavior;
A Conceptualization of Motivating Factors and Empirical Study,"
European Journal of Marketing, vol. 32, pp. 1165-92, 1998.
[69] Social Investment Forum, 2005 Report on Socially Responsible
Investing Trends in the United States 10-YEAR REVIEW, Washington
DC, 2006.
[70] T. Donaldson, and L. E. Preston, "The stakeholder theory of the
corporation: concepts, evidence, and implications," Acad Manage Rev,
vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 65-91, 1995
[71] T. Kitchin, "Corporate social responsibility - a brand explanation,"
Brand Management, vol. 10, no. 4/5, pp. 312-326, 2002.
[72] United Nation Global Compact. Available at:
www.unglobalcompact.org
[73] W. Edwards and J. R. Newman, Multiattribute Evaluation, SAGE
Publications, In., 1982.
[74] W. Greening, and D. B. Turban, "Corporate social performance as a
competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce," Business and
Society, vol. 39, 254-280, 2000.
[75] W. Schiebel, and S. Pochtrager, "Corporate ethics as a factor for success
- the measurement instrument of the University of Agricultural Sciences
(BOKU), Vienna," Supply Chain Management: An International
Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 116-121, 2003.
[76] World Business Council for Sustainable Development. Available at:
www.wbcsd.or
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:62708", author = "Grigoris Giannarakis and Nikolaos Litinas and Ioannis Theotokas", title = "Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept in Greece", abstract = "This study attempts to clarify major perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Greek market related to companies that have sufficient CSR. An empirical analysis was undertaken, based on literature review and previous observations and surveys, in order to provide a general analysis of the CSR concept in Greece. The results of Accountability Rating institution were used in order to identify companies that adopt an integrated social responsibility approach. Companies that responded to the survey are both regional and international and belong to different industrial fields. Some of the main survey results reveal: multiple aspects for the CSR concept, weak consensus as regards the importance of stakeholders and benefits from the CSR implementation, the important role of CSR in the decision procedure and CSR practices concerning social issues that affect mostly company-s competitiveness. Sharing companies- experience could address common social issues through CSR best practices and develop new knowledge.
", keywords = "Corporate Social Responsibility, Greece, Kendall's co-efficient of concordance.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "1206-7", }
