People Participation as Social Capital Form for Realizing Sustainable Ecotourism
As an entity of the tourism system, local communities
were considered have better understanding of their region as well as
influenced positively or negatively by the tourism activities in the
region. This paper aimed to study role of community involvement in
the development of ecotourism at Kintamani Bali from two
perspectives of view, i.e. participation in the process of initiatives and
participation in the utilizing the economic benefits of tourism.
Thorough participation as an antecedent of social capital form, the
sustainability of ecotourism at Kintamani could be expected.
[1] Brian Garrod, "Local Participation in the Planning and Management of
Ecotourism: A Revised Model Approach," Journal of Ecotourism, vol. 2,
no. 1, pp. 33-53, 2003.
[2] Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao, "Community-Based and -Driven
Development: A Critical Review," The World Bank Research Observer,
vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-39, 2004.
[3] Keith W. Sproule, "Community-based Ecotourism Development:
Identifying Partners in the Process," The Ecotourism Equation:
Measuring the Impacts, pp. 233-250, 1998.
[4] Cevat Tosun, "Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the
developing world: the case of Turkey," Tourism Management, vol. 22,
pp. 289-303, 2001.
[5] Potjana Suansri, Community Based Tourism Handbook. Bangkok:
Responsible Ecological Social Tour, 2003.
[6] Anucha Leksakundilok, "Ecotourism and Community-based Ecotourism
in the Mekong Region," University of Sidney, Sidney, Working Paper #
10 1 86487 222 5, 2004.
[7] John M. Cohen and Norman T. Uphoff, "Participation's place in rural
development: Seeking clarity through specificity," World Development,
Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 213-235, 1980.
[8] Paul Florin and Abraham Wandersman, "An Introduction to Citizen
Participation, Voluntary Organizations, and Community Development:
Insights for Empowerment Through Research," American Journal of
Community Psychology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41-52, February 1990.
[9] Masahiro Shoji, Keitaro Aoyagi, Ryuji Kasahara, and Yasuyuki Sawada,
"Motives behind Community Participation: Evidence from Natural and
Field Experiments in a Developing Country," JICA Research Institute,
Tokyo, Working Paper No. 16 2010.
[10] Dallen J. Timothy, "Participatory Planning: a View of tourism in
Indonesia," Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26, pp. 371-391, 1999.
[11] Cevat Tosun, "Towards a Typology of Community Participation in the
Tourism Development Process," Anatolia: An International Journal of
Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 113-134, 1999.
[12] Weibing Zhao and J. R. Brent Ritchie, "Tourism and Poverty
Alleviation: An Integrative Research Framework," Current Issues in
Tourism, vol. 10, pp. 119-143, 2007.
[13] Joseph E. Stiglitz, "Participation and Development: Pespectives from the
Comprehensive Development Paradigm," Review of Development
Economics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 163-182, 2002.
[14] Pierre Bourdieu, "The Forms of Capital," in Handbook of Theory and
Research for the Sociology of Education, J. Richardson, Ed. Westport:
Greenwood Press, 1986.
[15] Christian Mark Ringle, Sven Wende, and Alexander Will. (2005)
SmartPLS 2.0. [Online]. http://www.smartpls.de
[16] Michel Tenenhaus, Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi, Yves-Marie Chatelin, and
Carlo Lauro, "PLS path modeling," Computational Statistics & Data
Analysis, vol. 48, pp. 159-205, 2005.
[17] Michel Tenenhaus, Jerome Pages, Laurence Ambroisine, and Christiane
Guinot, "PLS methodology to study relationships between hedonic
judgements and product characteristics," Food Quality and Preference,
vol. 16, pp. 315-325, 2005.
[18] Jum C. Nunnaly, "Psychometric Theory. 25 Years Ago and Now,"
Educational Researcher, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 7-14;19-21, November 1975.
[19] Joseph F. Hair, Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C.
Black, Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 4th ed. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.
[20] Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr., "A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures
of Marketing Constructs," Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 16, no. 1,
pp. 64-73, February 1979.
[21] J. J. Hox and T. M. Bechger, "An Introduction to Structural Equation
Modeling," Family Science Review, vol. 11, pp. 354-373, 1998.
[22] David Xiaosong Peng and Fujun Lai, "Using partial least squares in
operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of
past research," Journal of Operation Management, vol. 30, pp. 467-480,
2012.
[23] Joe F. Hair, Marko Sarstedt, Christian M. Ringle, and Jeannette A.
Mena, "An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural
equation modeling in marketing research," Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, vol. 40, pp. 414-433, 2012.
[24] Wynne W. Chin, "The partial least squares approach to structural
equation modeling," in Modern Methods for Business Research, G. A.
Marcoulides, Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998, pp.
295-358.
[25] Cevat Tosun and Dallen J. Timothy, "Community Participation in the
Tourism Development Process," Journal of Tourism Studies, vol. 14, no.
2, pp. 1-15, December 2003.
[26] Muganda Michael, "Community Involvement and Participation in
Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities
in Barabarani Village, Mto Wa Mbu, Arusha - Tanzania," Victoria
University of Wellington, Wellington, Thesis 2009.
[27] Shui Wei, Xu Xueyi, Wei Yali, and Wang Xinggui, "Influencing factors
of community participation in tourism development: A case study of
Xingwen world Geopark," Journal of Geography and Regional Planning,
vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 207-211, April 2012.
[28] Akarapong Untong, Mingsarn Kaosa-Ard, Vicente Ramos, Korawan
Sangkakorn, and Javier Rey-Maquieira, "Factors Influencing Local
Resident Support for Tourism Development: A Structural Equation
Model," in The APTA Conference, Macau, China, 2010, pp. 1-21.
[29] Pham Hong Long, "Tourism Impacts and Support for Tourism Development
in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam: An Examination of Resident's
Perceptions," Asian Social Science, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 28-39, July 2012.
[1] Brian Garrod, "Local Participation in the Planning and Management of
Ecotourism: A Revised Model Approach," Journal of Ecotourism, vol. 2,
no. 1, pp. 33-53, 2003.
[2] Ghazala Mansuri and Vijayendra Rao, "Community-Based and -Driven
Development: A Critical Review," The World Bank Research Observer,
vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-39, 2004.
[3] Keith W. Sproule, "Community-based Ecotourism Development:
Identifying Partners in the Process," The Ecotourism Equation:
Measuring the Impacts, pp. 233-250, 1998.
[4] Cevat Tosun, "Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the
developing world: the case of Turkey," Tourism Management, vol. 22,
pp. 289-303, 2001.
[5] Potjana Suansri, Community Based Tourism Handbook. Bangkok:
Responsible Ecological Social Tour, 2003.
[6] Anucha Leksakundilok, "Ecotourism and Community-based Ecotourism
in the Mekong Region," University of Sidney, Sidney, Working Paper #
10 1 86487 222 5, 2004.
[7] John M. Cohen and Norman T. Uphoff, "Participation's place in rural
development: Seeking clarity through specificity," World Development,
Elsevier, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 213-235, 1980.
[8] Paul Florin and Abraham Wandersman, "An Introduction to Citizen
Participation, Voluntary Organizations, and Community Development:
Insights for Empowerment Through Research," American Journal of
Community Psychology, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 41-52, February 1990.
[9] Masahiro Shoji, Keitaro Aoyagi, Ryuji Kasahara, and Yasuyuki Sawada,
"Motives behind Community Participation: Evidence from Natural and
Field Experiments in a Developing Country," JICA Research Institute,
Tokyo, Working Paper No. 16 2010.
[10] Dallen J. Timothy, "Participatory Planning: a View of tourism in
Indonesia," Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 26, pp. 371-391, 1999.
[11] Cevat Tosun, "Towards a Typology of Community Participation in the
Tourism Development Process," Anatolia: An International Journal of
Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 113-134, 1999.
[12] Weibing Zhao and J. R. Brent Ritchie, "Tourism and Poverty
Alleviation: An Integrative Research Framework," Current Issues in
Tourism, vol. 10, pp. 119-143, 2007.
[13] Joseph E. Stiglitz, "Participation and Development: Pespectives from the
Comprehensive Development Paradigm," Review of Development
Economics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 163-182, 2002.
[14] Pierre Bourdieu, "The Forms of Capital," in Handbook of Theory and
Research for the Sociology of Education, J. Richardson, Ed. Westport:
Greenwood Press, 1986.
[15] Christian Mark Ringle, Sven Wende, and Alexander Will. (2005)
SmartPLS 2.0. [Online]. http://www.smartpls.de
[16] Michel Tenenhaus, Vincenzo Esposito Vinzi, Yves-Marie Chatelin, and
Carlo Lauro, "PLS path modeling," Computational Statistics & Data
Analysis, vol. 48, pp. 159-205, 2005.
[17] Michel Tenenhaus, Jerome Pages, Laurence Ambroisine, and Christiane
Guinot, "PLS methodology to study relationships between hedonic
judgements and product characteristics," Food Quality and Preference,
vol. 16, pp. 315-325, 2005.
[18] Jum C. Nunnaly, "Psychometric Theory. 25 Years Ago and Now,"
Educational Researcher, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 7-14;19-21, November 1975.
[19] Joseph F. Hair, Rolph E. Anderson, Ronald L. Tatham, and William C.
Black, Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings, 4th ed. New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.
[20] Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr., "A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures
of Marketing Constructs," Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 16, no. 1,
pp. 64-73, February 1979.
[21] J. J. Hox and T. M. Bechger, "An Introduction to Structural Equation
Modeling," Family Science Review, vol. 11, pp. 354-373, 1998.
[22] David Xiaosong Peng and Fujun Lai, "Using partial least squares in
operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of
past research," Journal of Operation Management, vol. 30, pp. 467-480,
2012.
[23] Joe F. Hair, Marko Sarstedt, Christian M. Ringle, and Jeannette A.
Mena, "An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural
equation modeling in marketing research," Journal of the Academy of
Marketing Science, vol. 40, pp. 414-433, 2012.
[24] Wynne W. Chin, "The partial least squares approach to structural
equation modeling," in Modern Methods for Business Research, G. A.
Marcoulides, Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998, pp.
295-358.
[25] Cevat Tosun and Dallen J. Timothy, "Community Participation in the
Tourism Development Process," Journal of Tourism Studies, vol. 14, no.
2, pp. 1-15, December 2003.
[26] Muganda Michael, "Community Involvement and Participation in
Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities
in Barabarani Village, Mto Wa Mbu, Arusha - Tanzania," Victoria
University of Wellington, Wellington, Thesis 2009.
[27] Shui Wei, Xu Xueyi, Wei Yali, and Wang Xinggui, "Influencing factors
of community participation in tourism development: A case study of
Xingwen world Geopark," Journal of Geography and Regional Planning,
vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 207-211, April 2012.
[28] Akarapong Untong, Mingsarn Kaosa-Ard, Vicente Ramos, Korawan
Sangkakorn, and Javier Rey-Maquieira, "Factors Influencing Local
Resident Support for Tourism Development: A Structural Equation
Model," in The APTA Conference, Macau, China, 2010, pp. 1-21.
[29] Pham Hong Long, "Tourism Impacts and Support for Tourism Development
in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam: An Examination of Resident's
Perceptions," Asian Social Science, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 28-39, July 2012.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:68116", author = "I Putu Eka N. Kencana and I Wayan Mertha", title = "People Participation as Social Capital Form for Realizing Sustainable Ecotourism", abstract = "As an entity of the tourism system, local communities
were considered have better understanding of their region as well as
influenced positively or negatively by the tourism activities in the
region. This paper aimed to study role of community involvement in
the development of ecotourism at Kintamani Bali from two
perspectives of view, i.e. participation in the process of initiatives and
participation in the utilizing the economic benefits of tourism.
Thorough participation as an antecedent of social capital form, the
sustainability of ecotourism at Kintamani could be expected.
", keywords = "Community involvement, ecotourism, participation,
social capital.", volume = "8", number = "10", pages = "3278-7", }
