Parametric Investigation of Diode and CO2 Laser in Direct Metal Deposition of H13 Tool Steel on Copper Substrate
In the present investigation, H13 tool steel has been
deposited on copper alloy substrate using both CO2 and diode laser.
A detailed parametric analysis has been carried out in order to find
out optimum processing zone for coating defect free H13 tool steel
on copper alloy substrate. Followed by parametric optimization, the
microstructure and microhardness of the deposited clads have been
evaluated. SEM micrographs revealed dendritic microstructure in
both clads. However, the microhardness of CO2 laser deposited clad
was much higher compared to diode laser deposited clad.
[1] M. T. A. Rasgado, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Boundary element stress
analysis for copper-based dies in pressure die casting", Computers &
Structures, 84 (2006), pp. 254-267.
[2] M. T. A. Rasgado, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Bi-metallic dies for rapid
die casting", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 175 (2006),
pp. 109-116.
[3] L. D. Clark, M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, S. Hinduja, "Experimental
investigation into the thermal behavior of copper-alloyed dies in
pressure die casting", Transactions of the ASME, 128 (2006), pp. 844-
859.
[4] M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, "Thermal models for copper-alloyed dies
in pressure die casting"- Applied Mathematical Modeling, 33/1 (2009),
pp. 61-80.
[5] M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Boundary
element stress analysis for bi-metallic dies in pressure die casting".
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 175 (2006), pp. 117-122.
[6] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Microstructural investigation
of direct metal deposition of h13 steel on high strength copper
substrate". Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (WCE),
1 (2009), pp. 704-708.
[7] V.E. Beal, P. Erasenthiran, N. Hopkinson, P. Dickens, C. H. Ahrens,
"The effect of scanning strategy on laser fusion of functionally graded
H13/Cu materials". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing
Technology, 30/(9-10) (2006), pp. 844-852.
[8] S. F. P. Pogson, W. O-Neill, C. J. Sutcliffe, "The direct metal laser
remelting of copper and tool steel powders". Materials Science and
Engineering A, 386 (2004), pp. 453-459.
[9] G. P. Dinda, A. K. Dasgupta, J. Mazumder, "Laser aided direct metal
deposition of Inconel 625 superalloy: Microstructural evolution and
thermal stability". Materials Science and Engineering A, 509 (2009),
pp. 98-104.
[10] J. Mazumder, J. Choi, A. Schifferer, "Direct materials deposition:
designed macro and microstructure". Materials Research and
Innovation, 3 (1999), pp. 118-131.
[11] J. D. Majumder, L. Li, "Studies on direct laser cladding of SiC
dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel". Metallurgical and Materials
Transactions A, 40A (2009), pp. 3001-3008.
[12] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Influence of process
parameters in the direct metal deposition of H13 tool steel on copper
alloy substrate". Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering
(WCE-2010), London, U.K., 30 June-2 July 2010
[13] D. Srivastava, I. T. H. Chang, M. H. Loretto, "The effect of process
parameters and heat treatment on the microstructure of direct laser
fabricated TiAl alloy samples". Intermetallics, 9 (2001), pp. 1003-1013.
[14] J. D. Majumder, A. Pinkerton, Z. Liu, I. Manna, L. Li, "Diode laser
assisted surface nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V: Properties of the nitrided
surface". Applied Surface Science, 247 (2005), pp. 320-327.
[15] J. D. Majumder, A. Kumar, L. Li, "Direct laser cladding of SiC
dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel". Tribology International, 42
(2009), pp. 750-753.
[16] W. H. Syed, A. J. Pinkerton, L. Li, "Multiple-layer laser deposition of
steel components using gas- and water-atomised powders: the
differences and the mechanisms leading to them". Applied Surface
Science, 247 (2005), pp. 268-276.
[17] D. Srivastava, I. T. H. Chang, M. H. Loretto, "The optimisation of
processing parameters and characterisation of microstructure of direct
laser fabricated TiAl alloy components". Materials and Design, 21
(2000), pp. 425-433.
[18] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Effect of selected DMD
process parameters on mechanical and microstructural property of
cladded H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate". Proceedings of the
6th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, paper no 1065, 12-
15 December 2010, Perth, Australia.
[19] F. Liu, C. Liu, S. Chen, X. Tao, Y. Zhang, "Laser cladding Ni-Co
duplex coating on copper substrate". Optics and Lasers in Engineering,
48 (2010), pp. 792-799.
[1] M. T. A. Rasgado, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Boundary element stress
analysis for copper-based dies in pressure die casting", Computers &
Structures, 84 (2006), pp. 254-267.
[2] M. T. A. Rasgado, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Bi-metallic dies for rapid
die casting", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 175 (2006),
pp. 109-116.
[3] L. D. Clark, M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, S. Hinduja, "Experimental
investigation into the thermal behavior of copper-alloyed dies in
pressure die casting", Transactions of the ASME, 128 (2006), pp. 844-
859.
[4] M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, "Thermal models for copper-alloyed dies
in pressure die casting"- Applied Mathematical Modeling, 33/1 (2009),
pp. 61-80.
[5] M. T. A. Rasgado, K. Davey, L. D. Clark, S. Hinduja, "Boundary
element stress analysis for bi-metallic dies in pressure die casting".
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 175 (2006), pp. 117-122.
[6] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Microstructural investigation
of direct metal deposition of h13 steel on high strength copper
substrate". Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (WCE),
1 (2009), pp. 704-708.
[7] V.E. Beal, P. Erasenthiran, N. Hopkinson, P. Dickens, C. H. Ahrens,
"The effect of scanning strategy on laser fusion of functionally graded
H13/Cu materials". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing
Technology, 30/(9-10) (2006), pp. 844-852.
[8] S. F. P. Pogson, W. O-Neill, C. J. Sutcliffe, "The direct metal laser
remelting of copper and tool steel powders". Materials Science and
Engineering A, 386 (2004), pp. 453-459.
[9] G. P. Dinda, A. K. Dasgupta, J. Mazumder, "Laser aided direct metal
deposition of Inconel 625 superalloy: Microstructural evolution and
thermal stability". Materials Science and Engineering A, 509 (2009),
pp. 98-104.
[10] J. Mazumder, J. Choi, A. Schifferer, "Direct materials deposition:
designed macro and microstructure". Materials Research and
Innovation, 3 (1999), pp. 118-131.
[11] J. D. Majumder, L. Li, "Studies on direct laser cladding of SiC
dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel". Metallurgical and Materials
Transactions A, 40A (2009), pp. 3001-3008.
[12] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Influence of process
parameters in the direct metal deposition of H13 tool steel on copper
alloy substrate". Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering
(WCE-2010), London, U.K., 30 June-2 July 2010
[13] D. Srivastava, I. T. H. Chang, M. H. Loretto, "The effect of process
parameters and heat treatment on the microstructure of direct laser
fabricated TiAl alloy samples". Intermetallics, 9 (2001), pp. 1003-1013.
[14] J. D. Majumder, A. Pinkerton, Z. Liu, I. Manna, L. Li, "Diode laser
assisted surface nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V: Properties of the nitrided
surface". Applied Surface Science, 247 (2005), pp. 320-327.
[15] J. D. Majumder, A. Kumar, L. Li, "Direct laser cladding of SiC
dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel". Tribology International, 42
(2009), pp. 750-753.
[16] W. H. Syed, A. J. Pinkerton, L. Li, "Multiple-layer laser deposition of
steel components using gas- and water-atomised powders: the
differences and the mechanisms leading to them". Applied Surface
Science, 247 (2005), pp. 268-276.
[17] D. Srivastava, I. T. H. Chang, M. H. Loretto, "The optimisation of
processing parameters and characterisation of microstructure of direct
laser fabricated TiAl alloy components". Materials and Design, 21
(2000), pp. 425-433.
[18] M. K. Imran, S. H. Masood, M. Brandt, "Effect of selected DMD
process parameters on mechanical and microstructural property of
cladded H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate". Proceedings of the
6th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, paper no 1065, 12-
15 December 2010, Perth, Australia.
[19] F. Liu, C. Liu, S. Chen, X. Tao, Y. Zhang, "Laser cladding Ni-Co
duplex coating on copper substrate". Optics and Lasers in Engineering,
48 (2010), pp. 792-799.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:57758", author = "M. Khalid Imran and Syed Masood and Milan Brandt and Sudip Bhattacharya and Jyotirmoy Mazumder", title = "Parametric Investigation of Diode and CO2 Laser in Direct Metal Deposition of H13 Tool Steel on Copper Substrate", abstract = "In the present investigation, H13 tool steel has been
deposited on copper alloy substrate using both CO2 and diode laser.
A detailed parametric analysis has been carried out in order to find
out optimum processing zone for coating defect free H13 tool steel
on copper alloy substrate. Followed by parametric optimization, the
microstructure and microhardness of the deposited clads have been
evaluated. SEM micrographs revealed dendritic microstructure in
both clads. However, the microhardness of CO2 laser deposited clad
was much higher compared to diode laser deposited clad.", keywords = "CO2 laser, Diode laser, Direct Metal Deposition, Microstructure, Microhardness, Porosity.", volume = "5", number = "7", pages = "1378-6", }
