Optimisation of A Phase Change Thermal Storage System
PCMs have always been viewed as a suitable
candidate for off peak thermal storage, particularly for refrigeration
systems, due to the high latent energy densities of these materials.
However, due to the need to have them encapsulated within a
container this density is reduced. Furthermore, PCMs have a low
thermal conductivity which reduces the useful amount of energy
which can be stored. To consider these factors, the true energy
storage density of a PCM system was proposed and optimised for
PCMs encapsulated in slabs. Using a validated numerical model of
the system, a parametric study was undertaken to investigate the
impact of the slab thickness, gap between slabs and the mass flow
rate. The study showed that, when optimised, a PCM system can
deliver a true energy storage density between 53% and 83% of the
latent energy density of the PCM.
[1] F. Wang, G. Maidment, J. Missenden, and R. Tozer, "A review of
research concerning the use of PCMS in air conditioning and
refrigeration engineering", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Advances
Building Technology, Hong Kong, China, 4-6 Dec. 2002, pp. 1273-
1280.
[2] A. Pasupathy, L. Athanasius, R. Velraj, and R. V. Seeniraj,
"Experimental investigation and numerical simulation analysis on the
thermal performance of a building roof incorporating phase change
material (PCM) for thermal management", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 28, no. 5-6, pp. 556-565, Apr. 2008.
[3] M. M. Farid, A. M. Khudhair, S. A. K. Razack, and S. Al-Hallaj, "A
review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications",
Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 9-10, pp. 1597-1615,
June 2004.
[4] S. M. Vakilaltojjar, "Phase change thermal storage system for space
heating and cooling", Ph.D. thesis, School of AME, University of South
Australia, 2000.
[5] A. M. Papadopoulos, S. Oxizidis, and N. Kyriakis, "Perspectives of solar
cooling in view of the developments in the air-conditioning sector",
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 419-438,
Oct. 2003.
[6] L. Jian-you, "Numerical and experimental investigation for heat transfer
in triplex concentric tube with phase change material for thermal energy
storage", Solar Energy, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 977-985, Nov. 2008.
[7] W. Muriel, O. Hugh, S. Ted, M. Iain, O. Monica, and P. Scott,
"Photovoltaics and peak electricity loads, Summer 2003-04", in Report
for BCSE, May 2005.
[8] V. Butala and U. Stritih, "Experimental investigation of PCM cold
storage", Energy and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 354-359, Mar. 2009.
[9] M. Liu, F. Bruno and W. Saman, "Thermal performance of a PCM
thermal storage unit", in Proc. of Int. Solar Energy Society for Solar
World Congress, Beijing, China, 18-21Sept. 2007.
[10] N. A. M. Amin, F. Bruno, and M. Belusko, "647-037- Maximizing the
energy storage performance of phase change thermal storage systems",
in Proc. of the IASTED Int. Conf., Solar Energy (SOE 2009)", Phuket,
Thailand, 16-18 Mar. 2009, pp. 55-60.
[11] H. Mehling and L.F. Cabeza, Heat and Cold Storage with PCM: An up
to date introduction into basics and applications. Berlin Heidelberg:
Springers-Verlag, 2008.
[12] F. Bruno, "Centralised PCM systems for shifting cooling loads during
peak demands in buildings", in Supplementary Technical Research
Paper, City of Melbourne, May 2006.
[13] H. Ettouney, H. El-Dessouky, and A. Al-Ali, "Heat transfer during
phase change of paraffin wax stored in spherical shells", Journal of
Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 357-366, Aug. 2005.
[14] J. P. Bedecarrats, F. Strub, B. Falcon and J. P. Dumas, "Phase-change
thermal energy storage using spherical capsules: performance of a test
plant", International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 187-
196, 1996.
[15] M. Belusko and F. Bruno, "140 - Design methodology of PCM thermal
storage systems with parallel plates", in Report for 1st Int. Congress on
Heating, Cooling, and Buildings, EUROSUN 2008, Lisbon, Portugal, 7-
10 Oct. 2008.
[16] The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. (2006,
November, 16). [Online]. Available: http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys
[17] S. V. Dosky, D. Heinze, and J. Wolf, "Numerical simulation of a
refrigeration cycle for scaling towards small geometries", International
Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1384-1390, Dec. 2008.
[18] E. Halawa, F. Bruno, and W. Saman, "Numerical analysis of a PCM
thermal storage system with varying wall temperature", Energy
Conversion and Management, vol. 46, no. 15-16, pp. 2592-2604, Sept.
2005.
[19] E. Halawa, "Thermal performance analysis of a roof integrated solar
heating system incorporating phase change thermal storage", Ph.D.
thesis, School of AME, University of South Australia, 2005.
[20] D. J. Morrison and S. I. Abdel-Khalik, "Effects of phase-change energy
storage on the performance of air-based and liquid-based solar heating
systems", Solar Energy, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57-67, 1978.
[1] F. Wang, G. Maidment, J. Missenden, and R. Tozer, "A review of
research concerning the use of PCMS in air conditioning and
refrigeration engineering", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Advances
Building Technology, Hong Kong, China, 4-6 Dec. 2002, pp. 1273-
1280.
[2] A. Pasupathy, L. Athanasius, R. Velraj, and R. V. Seeniraj,
"Experimental investigation and numerical simulation analysis on the
thermal performance of a building roof incorporating phase change
material (PCM) for thermal management", Applied Thermal
Engineering, vol. 28, no. 5-6, pp. 556-565, Apr. 2008.
[3] M. M. Farid, A. M. Khudhair, S. A. K. Razack, and S. Al-Hallaj, "A
review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications",
Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 9-10, pp. 1597-1615,
June 2004.
[4] S. M. Vakilaltojjar, "Phase change thermal storage system for space
heating and cooling", Ph.D. thesis, School of AME, University of South
Australia, 2000.
[5] A. M. Papadopoulos, S. Oxizidis, and N. Kyriakis, "Perspectives of solar
cooling in view of the developments in the air-conditioning sector",
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 419-438,
Oct. 2003.
[6] L. Jian-you, "Numerical and experimental investigation for heat transfer
in triplex concentric tube with phase change material for thermal energy
storage", Solar Energy, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 977-985, Nov. 2008.
[7] W. Muriel, O. Hugh, S. Ted, M. Iain, O. Monica, and P. Scott,
"Photovoltaics and peak electricity loads, Summer 2003-04", in Report
for BCSE, May 2005.
[8] V. Butala and U. Stritih, "Experimental investigation of PCM cold
storage", Energy and Buildings, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 354-359, Mar. 2009.
[9] M. Liu, F. Bruno and W. Saman, "Thermal performance of a PCM
thermal storage unit", in Proc. of Int. Solar Energy Society for Solar
World Congress, Beijing, China, 18-21Sept. 2007.
[10] N. A. M. Amin, F. Bruno, and M. Belusko, "647-037- Maximizing the
energy storage performance of phase change thermal storage systems",
in Proc. of the IASTED Int. Conf., Solar Energy (SOE 2009)", Phuket,
Thailand, 16-18 Mar. 2009, pp. 55-60.
[11] H. Mehling and L.F. Cabeza, Heat and Cold Storage with PCM: An up
to date introduction into basics and applications. Berlin Heidelberg:
Springers-Verlag, 2008.
[12] F. Bruno, "Centralised PCM systems for shifting cooling loads during
peak demands in buildings", in Supplementary Technical Research
Paper, City of Melbourne, May 2006.
[13] H. Ettouney, H. El-Dessouky, and A. Al-Ali, "Heat transfer during
phase change of paraffin wax stored in spherical shells", Journal of
Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 357-366, Aug. 2005.
[14] J. P. Bedecarrats, F. Strub, B. Falcon and J. P. Dumas, "Phase-change
thermal energy storage using spherical capsules: performance of a test
plant", International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 187-
196, 1996.
[15] M. Belusko and F. Bruno, "140 - Design methodology of PCM thermal
storage systems with parallel plates", in Report for 1st Int. Congress on
Heating, Cooling, and Buildings, EUROSUN 2008, Lisbon, Portugal, 7-
10 Oct. 2008.
[16] The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. (2006,
November, 16). [Online]. Available: http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys
[17] S. V. Dosky, D. Heinze, and J. Wolf, "Numerical simulation of a
refrigeration cycle for scaling towards small geometries", International
Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 1384-1390, Dec. 2008.
[18] E. Halawa, F. Bruno, and W. Saman, "Numerical analysis of a PCM
thermal storage system with varying wall temperature", Energy
Conversion and Management, vol. 46, no. 15-16, pp. 2592-2604, Sept.
2005.
[19] E. Halawa, "Thermal performance analysis of a roof integrated solar
heating system incorporating phase change thermal storage", Ph.D.
thesis, School of AME, University of South Australia, 2005.
[20] D. J. Morrison and S. I. Abdel-Khalik, "Effects of phase-change energy
storage on the performance of air-based and liquid-based solar heating
systems", Solar Energy, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57-67, 1978.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:54176", author = "Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin and Martin Belusko and Frank Bruno", title = "Optimisation of A Phase Change Thermal Storage System", abstract = "PCMs have always been viewed as a suitable
candidate for off peak thermal storage, particularly for refrigeration
systems, due to the high latent energy densities of these materials.
However, due to the need to have them encapsulated within a
container this density is reduced. Furthermore, PCMs have a low
thermal conductivity which reduces the useful amount of energy
which can be stored. To consider these factors, the true energy
storage density of a PCM system was proposed and optimised for
PCMs encapsulated in slabs. Using a validated numerical model of
the system, a parametric study was undertaken to investigate the
impact of the slab thickness, gap between slabs and the mass flow
rate. The study showed that, when optimised, a PCM system can
deliver a true energy storage density between 53% and 83% of the
latent energy density of the PCM.", keywords = "Phase change material, refrigeration, sustainability,
thermal energy storage.", volume = "3", number = "8", pages = "884-5", }