The main goal of this study was to find simple and industrially applicable production of ion exchangers based on nanofibrous polystyrene matrix and characterization of prepared material. Starting polystyrene nanofibers were sulfonated and crosslinked under appropriate conditions at the same time by sulfuric acid. Strongly acidic cation exchanger was obtained in such a way. The polymer matrix was made from polystyrene nanofibers prepared by NanospiderTM technology.
Various types postpolymerization reactions and other methods of crosslinking were studied. Greatly different behavior between nano- and microsize materials was observed. The final nanofibrous material was characterized and compared to common granular ion exchangers and available microfibrous ion exchangers. The sorption properties of nanofibrous ion exchangers were compared with the granular ion exchangers. For nanofibrous ion exchangers of comparable ion exchange capacity was observed considerably faster adsorption kinetics.
[1] H. An, C. Shin, G. G. Chase, "Ion exchanger using electrospun polystyrene nanofibers,” J. Membr. Sci., vol. 283, pp. 84–87, 2006.
[2] H. Matsumoto, Y. Wakamatsu, M. Minagawa, A. Tanioka, "Preparation of ion-exchange fiber fabrics by electrospray deposition,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 293, pp. 143–150, 2006.
[3] Y. Wakamatsu, H. Matsumoto, M. Minagawa, A. Tanioka, "Effect of ion-exchange nanofiber fabrics on water splitting in bipolar membrane,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 300, pp. 442–445, 2006.
[4] C. Shin, H. An, G. G. Chase, "Comparison of ion exchange performance of polystyrene nanofiber cation exchanger and glass fibers coated with poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene),” Chem. Eng. Technol., vol. 29, pp. 364–367, 2006.
[5] F. Kučera and J. Jancar, "Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sulfonation of Polymers: A Review,” Polym. Eng. Sci., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 785–792, May. 1998.
[6] R. Gopal, M. Zuwei, S. Kaur, and S. Ramakrishna, "Surface modification and application of functionalized polymer nanofibers,” in Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology, vol. 109, G. A. Mansoori, T. F. George, L. Assoufid, G. Zhang, Ed. Springer New York, 2007, pp. 72–91.
[7] N. A. Peppas, K. P. Staller, "Friedel-Crafts crosslinking methods for polystyrene modification,” Polym. Bull., vol. 8, pp. 233–237, 1982.
[8] F. P. Regas, C. J. Papadoyannis, "Suspension crosslinking of polystyrene with friedel-crafts catalysts,” Polym. Bull., vol. 3, pp. 279–284, 1980.
[9] N. P. Valkanas, V. D. Vrekou, A. G. Theodoropoulos, G. N. Valkanas, I. C. Konstantakopoulos, "Cross-linking regulators in one-step synthesis of macronet ion-exchangers,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 31(18), pp. 4831–4836, 1996.
[10] O. Jirsák, F. Sanetrník, D. Lukáš, V. Kotek, L. Martinová, J. Chaloupek, Patent CZ 294 274, 14.09.2004, WO/2005/024101, (2005)
[11] Bin Ding, Hak-Yong Kim , Se-Chul Lee, Douk-Rae Lee and Kyung-Ju Choi, "Preparation and characterization of nanoscaled poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers via electrospinning,” Fibers and polymers, vol. 3(2), pp. 73–79, 2002.
[12] Y. Yamashita, H. Miyake, A. Higashiyama, A. Tanaka, "Practical use of nanofiber made by electro-spinning process” 140.134.132.124., 2007.
[13] Ch. Shin, G. G. Chase, "Nanofibers from recycle waste expanded polystyrene using natural solvent,” Polym. Bull., vol. 55 (3), pp. 209–215, 2005.
[14] T. Noguchi, M. Myachita, Y. Inagaki, H. Watanabe, "Method and apparatus for recycling styrene resin,” Sony Corporation; US Pat. 6169121, Jan. 2001.
[15] J. Economy, L. Dominguez, K. Benak, "Polymeric ion exchange fibers,” US Pat. 6706361 B1, Mar. 2004.
[16] D. Agostino, G. E. Cooley, M. Newton, K. Bouchal, "Method for the preparation of cation exchange membranes doped with insoluble metal salts,” US Pat. 5705534, Jan. 1998.
[1] H. An, C. Shin, G. G. Chase, "Ion exchanger using electrospun polystyrene nanofibers,” J. Membr. Sci., vol. 283, pp. 84–87, 2006.
[2] H. Matsumoto, Y. Wakamatsu, M. Minagawa, A. Tanioka, "Preparation of ion-exchange fiber fabrics by electrospray deposition,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 293, pp. 143–150, 2006.
[3] Y. Wakamatsu, H. Matsumoto, M. Minagawa, A. Tanioka, "Effect of ion-exchange nanofiber fabrics on water splitting in bipolar membrane,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 300, pp. 442–445, 2006.
[4] C. Shin, H. An, G. G. Chase, "Comparison of ion exchange performance of polystyrene nanofiber cation exchanger and glass fibers coated with poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene),” Chem. Eng. Technol., vol. 29, pp. 364–367, 2006.
[5] F. Kučera and J. Jancar, "Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Sulfonation of Polymers: A Review,” Polym. Eng. Sci., vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 785–792, May. 1998.
[6] R. Gopal, M. Zuwei, S. Kaur, and S. Ramakrishna, "Surface modification and application of functionalized polymer nanofibers,” in Molecular Building Blocks for Nanotechnology, vol. 109, G. A. Mansoori, T. F. George, L. Assoufid, G. Zhang, Ed. Springer New York, 2007, pp. 72–91.
[7] N. A. Peppas, K. P. Staller, "Friedel-Crafts crosslinking methods for polystyrene modification,” Polym. Bull., vol. 8, pp. 233–237, 1982.
[8] F. P. Regas, C. J. Papadoyannis, "Suspension crosslinking of polystyrene with friedel-crafts catalysts,” Polym. Bull., vol. 3, pp. 279–284, 1980.
[9] N. P. Valkanas, V. D. Vrekou, A. G. Theodoropoulos, G. N. Valkanas, I. C. Konstantakopoulos, "Cross-linking regulators in one-step synthesis of macronet ion-exchangers,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 31(18), pp. 4831–4836, 1996.
[10] O. Jirsák, F. Sanetrník, D. Lukáš, V. Kotek, L. Martinová, J. Chaloupek, Patent CZ 294 274, 14.09.2004, WO/2005/024101, (2005)
[11] Bin Ding, Hak-Yong Kim , Se-Chul Lee, Douk-Rae Lee and Kyung-Ju Choi, "Preparation and characterization of nanoscaled poly(vinyl alcohol) fibers via electrospinning,” Fibers and polymers, vol. 3(2), pp. 73–79, 2002.
[12] Y. Yamashita, H. Miyake, A. Higashiyama, A. Tanaka, "Practical use of nanofiber made by electro-spinning process” 140.134.132.124., 2007.
[13] Ch. Shin, G. G. Chase, "Nanofibers from recycle waste expanded polystyrene using natural solvent,” Polym. Bull., vol. 55 (3), pp. 209–215, 2005.
[14] T. Noguchi, M. Myachita, Y. Inagaki, H. Watanabe, "Method and apparatus for recycling styrene resin,” Sony Corporation; US Pat. 6169121, Jan. 2001.
[15] J. Economy, L. Dominguez, K. Benak, "Polymeric ion exchange fibers,” US Pat. 6706361 B1, Mar. 2004.
[16] D. Agostino, G. E. Cooley, M. Newton, K. Bouchal, "Method for the preparation of cation exchange membranes doped with insoluble metal salts,” US Pat. 5705534, Jan. 1998.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:67111", author = "Jaromír Marek and Jakub Wiener and Yan Wang", title = "Nanofibrous Ion Exchangers", abstract = "The main goal of this study was to find simple and industrially applicable production of ion exchangers based on nanofibrous polystyrene matrix and characterization of prepared material. Starting polystyrene nanofibers were sulfonated and crosslinked under appropriate conditions at the same time by sulfuric acid. Strongly acidic cation exchanger was obtained in such a way. The polymer matrix was made from polystyrene nanofibers prepared by NanospiderTM technology.
Various types postpolymerization reactions and other methods of crosslinking were studied. Greatly different behavior between nano- and microsize materials was observed. The final nanofibrous material was characterized and compared to common granular ion exchangers and available microfibrous ion exchangers. The sorption properties of nanofibrous ion exchangers were compared with the granular ion exchangers. For nanofibrous ion exchangers of comparable ion exchange capacity was observed considerably faster adsorption kinetics.
", keywords = "Electrospinning, ion exchangers, nanofibers, polystyrene. ", volume = "8", number = "4", pages = "344-3", }
