Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
As part of national epidemiological survey on bovine
viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a total of 274 dejecta samples were
collected from 14 cattle farms in 8 areas of Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region in northwestern China. Total RNA was extracted
from each sample, and 5--untranslated region (UTR) of BVDV
genome was amplified by using two-step reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products
were subsequently sequenced to study the genetic variations of BVDV
in these areas. Among the 274 samples, 33 samples were found
virus-positive. According to sequence analysis of the PCR products,
the 33 samples could be arranged into 16 groups. All the sequences,
however, were highly conserved with BVDV Osloss strains. The virus
possessed theses sequences belonged to BVDV-1b subtype by
phylogenetic analysis. Based on these data, we established a typing
tree for BVDV in these areas. Our results suggested that BVDV-1b
was a predominant subgenotype in northwestern China and no
correlation between the genetic and geographical distances could be
observed above the farm level.
[1] Li, Y. M., Liu, Z. R., Wu, Y. L. (1983) Isolation and Identification of
Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus Changchun 184. Chinese
Journal of Veterinary 3: 113-121.
[2] Gao, S. D., Qiu, C. Q., Zhou, J. Z.´╝îZhang, Y. G.´╝îCheng, S. M., Wang,
Y. L., Yang, X. L. (1999) Serologic Monitoring of Bovine Viral
Diarrhea/Mucosal Disease in Yellow Cattle and Yaks in Partial regions of
the Southwestern and Northwestern Five Provinces. Chinese Journal of
Veterinary science and technology 29: 17-18.
[3] Luosang, L. C., Suo, B., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. C., Wu, M. J., Zhu, Z. G.
(1991) Isolation and Identification of BVDV from yak in Tibet. Chinese
Journal of Veterinary science and technology 1:15-17.
[4] Zheng, Z. G., Liu, P. L., Zheng, Z. R., Wang, Y. L., Du, Y. Z. (1991)
Survey of serum neutralizing antibody about Bovine viral
diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. China Animal Quarantine 5: 26-28.
[5] Makoto, N., Michilo, H., Mika, I., Toyoko, F., Hiroomi, A., Hiroshi, K.,
Yoshihiro, S. (2008) Identification of new genetic subtypes of bovine
viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 isolated in Japan. Virus Genes 36:
135-139.
[6] Fauquet, C. M., Mayo, M. A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U., Ball, L. A.
(2005) Family Flaviviridae. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J,
Desselberger U, Ball LA. (Eds.), Virus TaxonomyÔÇöClassification and
Nomenclature of Virus. Eight Report of the International Committee on
the Taxonomy of Virus. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
[7] Wang, Z. C., Liu, C. X., Zhao, Z. S., Sha, W. L., Huang, Z. Y. (1992)
Survey of Bovine viral diarrhea virus infected lamb. Chinese Journal of
Preventive Veterinary Medicine 3: 13-15.
[8] Becher, P., Orlich, M., Shannon, A. D., Horner, G., Konig, M., Thiel, H. J.
(1997) Phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses from domestic and wild
ruminants. J. Gen. Virol 78:1357-1366.
[9] Li, N., Han, M. L., Huang, X., BO, X. W., Wang, X. H., Zhao, Y. L.,
Zhong, F. G. (2009) Epidemiology Investigation of Bovine Viral
Diarrhea Virus in Shihezi, Xinjiang. Journal of Shihezi University
(Natural Science) 27: 706-711.
[10] Ding, J. H., Liu, L., Wang, Z. X., Huo, W. Y. (2006) Research progress on
preventative treatment of Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Journal of Henan
animal and veterinary sciences 27:11-12.
[11] Bolin, S. R., Moennig, V., Kelso Gourley, N. E., Ridpath, J. F. (1988)
Monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity segregate isolates of
bovine viral diarrhea virus into groups. Arch. Virol 99: 117-124.
[12] Kelling, C. L. (2004) Evolution of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 20: 115-29.
[13] Baule. C., van Vuuren, M., Lowings, J. P., Belak, S. (1997) Genetic
heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated in Southern Africa.
Virus Res 52: 205-220.
[14] Karl, S., Jaruwan, K., Claudia, B., Mats, I., Jorge, M. L., Sandor, B.,
Stefan, A., Ann, L. (2005) Molecular epidemiology of bovine viral
diarrhea during the final phase of the Swedish BVD-eradication
programme. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 72: 103-108.
[15] Baule, C., van Vuuren, M., Lowings, J. P., Belak, S. (1997´╝ëGenetic
heterogeneity of bovine diarrhea viruses isolated in Southern Africa.
Virus Res 52: 205-220.
[16] Flores, E. F., Ridpath, J. F., Weiblen, R., Vogel, F. S. F., Gil, L. H. V. G.
´╝ê2002´╝ëPhylogenetic analysis of Brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus
type 2 (BVDV2) isolates: evidence for a subgenotype within BVDV2.
Virus Res 87: 51-60.
[17] Harasawa, R. (1996) Phylogenetic analysis of pestivirus based on the
5--untranslated region. Acta Virol 40: 49-56
[18] Jones, L. R., Zandomeni, R., Weber, E. L. (2001) Genetic typing of
bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from Argentina. Vet. Microbiol 81:
367-375.
[19] Nagai, M., Ito, T., Sugita, S., Genno, A., Takeuchi, K., Ozawa, T., Sakoda,
Y., Nishimori, T., Takamura, K., Akashi, H. (2001) Genomic and
serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Japan. Arch.Virol
146: 685-696.
[20] Sakoda, Y., Ozawa, S., Damrongwatanapokin S, Sato, M., Ishikawa, K.,
Fukusho, A. (1999) Genetic heterogeneity of porcine and ruminant
pestiviruses mainly isolated in Japan. Vet. Microbiol 64: 75-86.
[21] Tajima, M., Frey, H-R., Yamato, O., Maeda, Y., Moennig, V., Scholz, H.,
Greiser-Wilke, I. (2001) Prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2 of bovine viral
diarrhea virus in Lower Saxony, Germany. Virus Res 76: 31-42.
[22] Vilcek, S., Paton, D. J., Durkovic, B., Strojny, L., Ibata, G., Moussa, A.,
Loitsch, A., Rossmanith, W., Vega, S., Scicluna, M. T., Palfi, V. ( 2001)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at leasteleven
genetic groups. Arch. Virol 146: 99-115.
[23] Ren, Y., Chen, C. F., Qiao, J., Wang, P. Y., Sheng, J. L., Wang, Y. Z.,
Zhang, Z., Li, Z. (2010) Development and Initial Application of a
Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Method for Detection of Bovine
Viral Diarrhea Virus.
[24] Becher, P., Orlich, M., Kosmidou, A., Konig, M., Baroth, M., Thiel, H-J.
(1999) Genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups
and implications for classification Virology 262: 64-71.
[25] Couvreur, B., Letellier, C., Collard, A., Quenon, P., Dehan, P., Hamers,
C., Pastoret, P-P., Kerkhofs, P. (2002) Genetic and antigenic variability in
bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates from Belgium. Virus Res 85:
17-28.
[26] Ren, M., Zhu, L. Q., Jiao, H. H., Ling, Y. Q., Tao, J., Jiang, Y., Liu, Z. H.,
Wang, C. B., Zhu, G. Q. (2009) Identification of Bovine viral diarrhea
virus genotype 2 isolates of XJ-04 and SD-06. Chinese Journal of Animal
Infectious Diseases 17: 20-24.
[27] Jackova, A., Novackova, M., Pelletie, C., Audeval, C., Gueneau, E.,
Haffar, A., Petit, E.´╝îRehby, L., Vilcek, S. (2008) The extended genetic
diversity of BVDV-1: Typing of BVDV isolates from France. Vet. Res
Commun 32: 7-11.
[28] Graham, D. A., McLaren, I. E., Brittain, D., O-Reilly, P. J. (2001) Genetic
typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from Northern Ireland and the
Republic of Ireland. Res. Vet. Sci 71: 127-134.
[29] Arias, P., Orlich, M., Prieto, M., Cedillo Rosales, S., Thiel, H. J., Alvarez,
M., Becher, P. (2003) Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea
viruses from Spain. Vet. Microbiol 96: 327-336.
[30] Mishra, N., Pattnaik, B., Vilcek, S., Patil, S. S., Jain, P., Swamy, N.,
Bhatia, S., Pradhan, H. K. (2004) Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea
virus isolates from India. Vet. Microbiol 104: 207-212.
[31] Fulton, R. W., Ridpath, J. F., Ore, S., Confer, A. W., Saliki, J. T., Burge,
L. J., Payton, M. E. (2005) Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)
subgenotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: distribution of
BVDV1a, 1b, and 2a subgenotypes. Vet. Microbiol 111: 35-40.
[32] Pizarro-Lucero, J., Celedon, M. O., Aguilera, M., de Calisto, A. (2006)
Molecular characterization of pestiviruses isolated from bovines in Chile.
Vet. Microbiol 115: 208-217.
[33] Toplak, I., Sandvik, T., Barlic-Maganja, D., Grom, J., Paton, D. J. (2004)
Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: most Slovenian isolates
are of genotypes 1d and 1f. Vet. Microbiol 99:175-185.
[34] Uttenthal, A., Stadejek, T., Nylin, B. (2005) Genetic diversity of bovine
viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) in Denmark during a 10-year eradication
period. Apmis 113: 536-541.
[35] Arias, P., Orlich, M., Prieto, M., Cedillo Rosales, S., Thiel, H. J., Alvarez,
M., Becher, P. (2003) Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea
viruses from Spain. Vet. Microbiol 96: 327-336.
[36] Vilcek, S., Durkovic, B., Kolesarova, M., Paton, D. J. (2005) Genetic
diversity of BVDV: Consequences for classification and molecular
epidemiology. Prev. Vet. Med 72: 31-35.
[37] Evermann, J. F., Ridpath, J. F. (2002) Clinical and epidemiologic
observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the northwestern United
States. Vet. Microbiol 89: 129-139.
[38] Fulton, R. W., Ridpath, J. F., Salikim, J. T., Briggs, R. E., Confer, A. W.,
Burge, L. J., Purdy, C. W., Loan, R. W., Duff, G. C., Payton, M. E. (2002)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b: predominant BVDV subtype in
calves with respiratory disease. The Canadian Journal of Vet Res 66:
181-190.
[39] Xu, X. R., Tu, C. C., Yu, X. L., Xiao, C., Zhang, Q. C., Zhang, L. Y., Zha,
Y. F., Shi, Z. X. (2005) Cloning of the E2 gene of bovine virol diarrhea
virus strain of Changchun184 and its expression in Escherichia coli.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 20: 626-631.
[40] Liu, S. Y., Ruxian, G. L. (1996) Isolation and identification of Bovine
viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. Chinese Journal of Preventive
Veterinary Medicine 86:17-20.
[41] Zhang, G. H., Li, R. X., Li, J. L., Chang, H. T. (2005) Isolation and
Identification of BVDV Regional Strains in Henan Province. Journal of
Henan Agricultural Sciences 3:71-73.
[42] Zhong, F. G., Wang, X. H., Shen, M., Wen, J. X., Zhang, Y. G. (2000)
Isolation and identification of Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Chinese
Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 22:463-464.
[43] Huang, X., Wang, X. H., Zhong, F. G. (2009) Cloning of E2 gene of
bovine viral diarrhea virus Manasi strain and expression of its major
epitope domains in Escherichia coli. Chinese Veterinary Science 39:
321-326.
[1] Li, Y. M., Liu, Z. R., Wu, Y. L. (1983) Isolation and Identification of
Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus Changchun 184. Chinese
Journal of Veterinary 3: 113-121.
[2] Gao, S. D., Qiu, C. Q., Zhou, J. Z.´╝îZhang, Y. G.´╝îCheng, S. M., Wang,
Y. L., Yang, X. L. (1999) Serologic Monitoring of Bovine Viral
Diarrhea/Mucosal Disease in Yellow Cattle and Yaks in Partial regions of
the Southwestern and Northwestern Five Provinces. Chinese Journal of
Veterinary science and technology 29: 17-18.
[3] Luosang, L. C., Suo, B., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. C., Wu, M. J., Zhu, Z. G.
(1991) Isolation and Identification of BVDV from yak in Tibet. Chinese
Journal of Veterinary science and technology 1:15-17.
[4] Zheng, Z. G., Liu, P. L., Zheng, Z. R., Wang, Y. L., Du, Y. Z. (1991)
Survey of serum neutralizing antibody about Bovine viral
diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. China Animal Quarantine 5: 26-28.
[5] Makoto, N., Michilo, H., Mika, I., Toyoko, F., Hiroomi, A., Hiroshi, K.,
Yoshihiro, S. (2008) Identification of new genetic subtypes of bovine
viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 isolated in Japan. Virus Genes 36:
135-139.
[6] Fauquet, C. M., Mayo, M. A., Maniloff, J., Desselberger, U., Ball, L. A.
(2005) Family Flaviviridae. In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J,
Desselberger U, Ball LA. (Eds.), Virus TaxonomyÔÇöClassification and
Nomenclature of Virus. Eight Report of the International Committee on
the Taxonomy of Virus. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
[7] Wang, Z. C., Liu, C. X., Zhao, Z. S., Sha, W. L., Huang, Z. Y. (1992)
Survey of Bovine viral diarrhea virus infected lamb. Chinese Journal of
Preventive Veterinary Medicine 3: 13-15.
[8] Becher, P., Orlich, M., Shannon, A. D., Horner, G., Konig, M., Thiel, H. J.
(1997) Phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses from domestic and wild
ruminants. J. Gen. Virol 78:1357-1366.
[9] Li, N., Han, M. L., Huang, X., BO, X. W., Wang, X. H., Zhao, Y. L.,
Zhong, F. G. (2009) Epidemiology Investigation of Bovine Viral
Diarrhea Virus in Shihezi, Xinjiang. Journal of Shihezi University
(Natural Science) 27: 706-711.
[10] Ding, J. H., Liu, L., Wang, Z. X., Huo, W. Y. (2006) Research progress on
preventative treatment of Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Journal of Henan
animal and veterinary sciences 27:11-12.
[11] Bolin, S. R., Moennig, V., Kelso Gourley, N. E., Ridpath, J. F. (1988)
Monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity segregate isolates of
bovine viral diarrhea virus into groups. Arch. Virol 99: 117-124.
[12] Kelling, C. L. (2004) Evolution of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 20: 115-29.
[13] Baule. C., van Vuuren, M., Lowings, J. P., Belak, S. (1997) Genetic
heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses isolated in Southern Africa.
Virus Res 52: 205-220.
[14] Karl, S., Jaruwan, K., Claudia, B., Mats, I., Jorge, M. L., Sandor, B.,
Stefan, A., Ann, L. (2005) Molecular epidemiology of bovine viral
diarrhea during the final phase of the Swedish BVD-eradication
programme. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 72: 103-108.
[15] Baule, C., van Vuuren, M., Lowings, J. P., Belak, S. (1997´╝ëGenetic
heterogeneity of bovine diarrhea viruses isolated in Southern Africa.
Virus Res 52: 205-220.
[16] Flores, E. F., Ridpath, J. F., Weiblen, R., Vogel, F. S. F., Gil, L. H. V. G.
´╝ê2002´╝ëPhylogenetic analysis of Brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus
type 2 (BVDV2) isolates: evidence for a subgenotype within BVDV2.
Virus Res 87: 51-60.
[17] Harasawa, R. (1996) Phylogenetic analysis of pestivirus based on the
5--untranslated region. Acta Virol 40: 49-56
[18] Jones, L. R., Zandomeni, R., Weber, E. L. (2001) Genetic typing of
bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from Argentina. Vet. Microbiol 81:
367-375.
[19] Nagai, M., Ito, T., Sugita, S., Genno, A., Takeuchi, K., Ozawa, T., Sakoda,
Y., Nishimori, T., Takamura, K., Akashi, H. (2001) Genomic and
serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Japan. Arch.Virol
146: 685-696.
[20] Sakoda, Y., Ozawa, S., Damrongwatanapokin S, Sato, M., Ishikawa, K.,
Fukusho, A. (1999) Genetic heterogeneity of porcine and ruminant
pestiviruses mainly isolated in Japan. Vet. Microbiol 64: 75-86.
[21] Tajima, M., Frey, H-R., Yamato, O., Maeda, Y., Moennig, V., Scholz, H.,
Greiser-Wilke, I. (2001) Prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2 of bovine viral
diarrhea virus in Lower Saxony, Germany. Virus Res 76: 31-42.
[22] Vilcek, S., Paton, D. J., Durkovic, B., Strojny, L., Ibata, G., Moussa, A.,
Loitsch, A., Rossmanith, W., Vega, S., Scicluna, M. T., Palfi, V. ( 2001)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at leasteleven
genetic groups. Arch. Virol 146: 99-115.
[23] Ren, Y., Chen, C. F., Qiao, J., Wang, P. Y., Sheng, J. L., Wang, Y. Z.,
Zhang, Z., Li, Z. (2010) Development and Initial Application of a
Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR Method for Detection of Bovine
Viral Diarrhea Virus.
[24] Becher, P., Orlich, M., Kosmidou, A., Konig, M., Baroth, M., Thiel, H-J.
(1999) Genetic diversity of pestiviruses: identification of novel groups
and implications for classification Virology 262: 64-71.
[25] Couvreur, B., Letellier, C., Collard, A., Quenon, P., Dehan, P., Hamers,
C., Pastoret, P-P., Kerkhofs, P. (2002) Genetic and antigenic variability in
bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates from Belgium. Virus Res 85:
17-28.
[26] Ren, M., Zhu, L. Q., Jiao, H. H., Ling, Y. Q., Tao, J., Jiang, Y., Liu, Z. H.,
Wang, C. B., Zhu, G. Q. (2009) Identification of Bovine viral diarrhea
virus genotype 2 isolates of XJ-04 and SD-06. Chinese Journal of Animal
Infectious Diseases 17: 20-24.
[27] Jackova, A., Novackova, M., Pelletie, C., Audeval, C., Gueneau, E.,
Haffar, A., Petit, E.´╝îRehby, L., Vilcek, S. (2008) The extended genetic
diversity of BVDV-1: Typing of BVDV isolates from France. Vet. Res
Commun 32: 7-11.
[28] Graham, D. A., McLaren, I. E., Brittain, D., O-Reilly, P. J. (2001) Genetic
typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from Northern Ireland and the
Republic of Ireland. Res. Vet. Sci 71: 127-134.
[29] Arias, P., Orlich, M., Prieto, M., Cedillo Rosales, S., Thiel, H. J., Alvarez,
M., Becher, P. (2003) Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea
viruses from Spain. Vet. Microbiol 96: 327-336.
[30] Mishra, N., Pattnaik, B., Vilcek, S., Patil, S. S., Jain, P., Swamy, N.,
Bhatia, S., Pradhan, H. K. (2004) Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea
virus isolates from India. Vet. Microbiol 104: 207-212.
[31] Fulton, R. W., Ridpath, J. F., Ore, S., Confer, A. W., Saliki, J. T., Burge,
L. J., Payton, M. E. (2005) Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)
subgenotypes in diagnostic laboratory accessions: distribution of
BVDV1a, 1b, and 2a subgenotypes. Vet. Microbiol 111: 35-40.
[32] Pizarro-Lucero, J., Celedon, M. O., Aguilera, M., de Calisto, A. (2006)
Molecular characterization of pestiviruses isolated from bovines in Chile.
Vet. Microbiol 115: 208-217.
[33] Toplak, I., Sandvik, T., Barlic-Maganja, D., Grom, J., Paton, D. J. (2004)
Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: most Slovenian isolates
are of genotypes 1d and 1f. Vet. Microbiol 99:175-185.
[34] Uttenthal, A., Stadejek, T., Nylin, B. (2005) Genetic diversity of bovine
viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) in Denmark during a 10-year eradication
period. Apmis 113: 536-541.
[35] Arias, P., Orlich, M., Prieto, M., Cedillo Rosales, S., Thiel, H. J., Alvarez,
M., Becher, P. (2003) Genetic heterogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoea
viruses from Spain. Vet. Microbiol 96: 327-336.
[36] Vilcek, S., Durkovic, B., Kolesarova, M., Paton, D. J. (2005) Genetic
diversity of BVDV: Consequences for classification and molecular
epidemiology. Prev. Vet. Med 72: 31-35.
[37] Evermann, J. F., Ridpath, J. F. (2002) Clinical and epidemiologic
observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the northwestern United
States. Vet. Microbiol 89: 129-139.
[38] Fulton, R. W., Ridpath, J. F., Salikim, J. T., Briggs, R. E., Confer, A. W.,
Burge, L. J., Purdy, C. W., Loan, R. W., Duff, G. C., Payton, M. E. (2002)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b: predominant BVDV subtype in
calves with respiratory disease. The Canadian Journal of Vet Res 66:
181-190.
[39] Xu, X. R., Tu, C. C., Yu, X. L., Xiao, C., Zhang, Q. C., Zhang, L. Y., Zha,
Y. F., Shi, Z. X. (2005) Cloning of the E2 gene of bovine virol diarrhea
virus strain of Changchun184 and its expression in Escherichia coli.
Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 20: 626-631.
[40] Liu, S. Y., Ruxian, G. L. (1996) Isolation and identification of Bovine
viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. Chinese Journal of Preventive
Veterinary Medicine 86:17-20.
[41] Zhang, G. H., Li, R. X., Li, J. L., Chang, H. T. (2005) Isolation and
Identification of BVDV Regional Strains in Henan Province. Journal of
Henan Agricultural Sciences 3:71-73.
[42] Zhong, F. G., Wang, X. H., Shen, M., Wen, J. X., Zhang, Y. G. (2000)
Isolation and identification of Bovine viral diarrhea virus. Chinese
Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine 22:463-464.
[43] Huang, X., Wang, X. H., Zhong, F. G. (2009) Cloning of E2 gene of
bovine viral diarrhea virus Manasi strain and expression of its major
epitope domains in Escherichia coli. Chinese Veterinary Science 39:
321-326.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:51774", author = "Yan Ren and Jun Qiao and Xianxia Liu and Pengyan Wang and Qiang Fu and Huijun Shi and Fei Guo and Yuanzhi Wang and Hui Zhang and Jinliang Sheng and Xinli Gu and Xiao-Jun Liu and Chuangfu Chen", title = "Molecular Epidemiology and Genotyping of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China", abstract = "As part of national epidemiological survey on bovine
viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a total of 274 dejecta samples were
collected from 14 cattle farms in 8 areas of Xinjiang Uygur
Autonomous Region in northwestern China. Total RNA was extracted
from each sample, and 5--untranslated region (UTR) of BVDV
genome was amplified by using two-step reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products
were subsequently sequenced to study the genetic variations of BVDV
in these areas. Among the 274 samples, 33 samples were found
virus-positive. According to sequence analysis of the PCR products,
the 33 samples could be arranged into 16 groups. All the sequences,
however, were highly conserved with BVDV Osloss strains. The virus
possessed theses sequences belonged to BVDV-1b subtype by
phylogenetic analysis. Based on these data, we established a typing
tree for BVDV in these areas. Our results suggested that BVDV-1b
was a predominant subgenotype in northwestern China and no
correlation between the genetic and geographical distances could be
observed above the farm level.", keywords = "bovine viral diarrhea virus, molecular epidemiology, phylogenetic analysis.", volume = "7", number = "3", pages = "170-5", }
