Modeling Spatial Distributions of Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution Loadings in the Great Lakes Watersheds
A physically based, spatially-distributed water quality model is being developed to simulate spatial and temporal distributions of material transport in the Great Lakes Watersheds of the U.S. Multiple databases of meteorology, land use, topography, hydrography, soils, agricultural statistics, and water quality were used to estimate nonpoint source loading potential in the study watersheds. Animal manure production was computed from tabulations of animals by zip code area for the census years of 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002. Relative chemical loadings for agricultural land use were calculated from fertilizer and pesticide estimates by crop for the same periods. Comparison of these estimates to the monitored total phosphorous load indicates that both point and nonpoint sources are major contributors to the total nutrient loads in the study watersheds, with nonpoint sources being the largest contributor, particularly in the rural watersheds. These estimates are used as the input to the distributed water quality model for simulating pollutant transport through surface and subsurface processes to Great Lakes waters. Visualization and GIS interfaces are developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutant transport in support of water management programs.
[1] R.B. Alexander, and R.A. Smith. Country level estimates of nitrogen
and phosphorus fertilizer use in the United States, 1945 to 1985. USGS
Open-File Report 90-130, 1990.
http:pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/ofr90130/report.html. Accessed Nov.9, 2006.
[2] G.R. Arnold, R., Srinavasan, R. S. Muttiah, and J. R. Williams. Large
area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I. Model Development.
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34 (1): 73-89,
1998.
[3] D.B. Beasley, and L. F. Huggins. ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source
Watershed Environment Simulation) - User's Manual. Department of
Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana,
1980.
[4] L. Belanche-Mu├▒oz, and A.R. Blanch. Machine leaning methods for
microbial source tracking. Environmental Modeling & Software,
doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.09.013, 2007.
[5] B.R. Bicknell, J. C. Imhoff, J. Kittle, A. S. Donigian, and R. C.
Johansen. Hydrological Simulation ProgramÔÇöFORTRAN, User-s
Manual for Release 11. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, 1996.
[6] F. Bouraoui, and B. Grizzetti. An integrated modeling framework to
estimate the fate of nutrients: application to the Loire (France).
Ecological Modeling. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.037, 2007.
[7] T.E. Croley, II, and C. He, Distributed-parameter large basin runoff
model I: model development. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
10(3):173-181, 2005.
[8] T.E. Croley, II, and C. He. Watershed surface and subsurface spatial
intraflows. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 11(1):12-20, 2006.
[9] T.E. Croley, II, C. He, and D. H. Lee, 2005. Distributed-parameter large
basin runoff model II: application. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
10(3):182-191, 2005.
[10] T.E. Croley II, and C. He.. Ch.9. Spatially distributed watershed model
of water and materials runoff. In: Ji, W. (ed). Wetland and Water
Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective. Taylor
& Francis Books, p.99-112, 2007.
[11] E. Dumont, E.J. Bakker, L. Bouwman, C. Kroeze, R. Leemans, and A.
Stein. A framework to identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales for
modeling n flows from watersheds. Ecological Modeling, doi:
10.1016/j.ecomodel.2007.10.006, 2007.
[12] C. He, C. DeMarchi, and T.E. Croley II. Modeling spatial distributions
of nonpoint source pollution loadings in the great lakes watersheds by
using the distributed large basin runoff model. Proc. Papers of American
Water Resources Association GIS and Water Resources V, San Mateo,
California, March 17-19, 2008.
[13] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Application of a distributed large basin runoff
model in the Great Lakes Basin. Control Engineering Practice Vol. 15
(8): 1001-1011, 2007a
[14] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Ch.10. Estimating nonpoint source pollution
loadings in the great lakes watersheds. In: Ji, W. (ed). Wetland and Water
Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective. Taylor
& Francis Books , p.115-127, 2007b.
[15] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Integration of gis and visualization for
distributed large basin runoff modeling of the Great Lakes Watersheds.
In: Scarpati and Jones (eds). Environmental Change and Rational Water
Use. Orientación Gráfica Editora S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp.
247-260, 2007c.
[16] C. He, and T.E. Croley II. Spatially modeling nonpoint source pollution
loadings in the Saginaw Bay Watersheds with the DLBRM. Proc. Papers
of American Water Resources Association GIS and Water Resources IV,
Houston, Texas, May 8-10, 2006.
[17] C. He, Integration of GIS and simulation model for watershed
management. Environmental Modeling and Software 18(8-9):809-813,
2003.
[18] C. He, J. F. Riggs, and Y. T. Kang. Integration of geographic information
systems and a computer model to evaluate impacts of agricultural runoff
on water quality. Water Resources Bulletin, 29(6):891-900, 1993.
[19] C. He, and C. Shi. A preliminary analysis of animal manure eistribution
in Michigan for nutrient utilization. Journal of The American Water
Resources Association, 34(6):1341-1354, 1998.
[20] C. He, C. Shi, C. Yang, and B. P. Agosti. A Windows-based GISAGNPS
interface. Journal of The American Water Resources
Association, 37(2):395-406, 2001.
[21] L-M, He and Z. He. Water quality prediction of marine recreational
beaches receiving watershed baseflow and stormwater Runoff in
Southern California, USA. Water Research,
doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.002, 2008.
[22] W. G. Knisel. CREAMS: A Fieldscale Model for Chemical, Runoff, and
Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. USDA, Science and
Education Administration, Conservation Report No. 26, Washington,
D.C, 1980
[23] R.A. Leonard, W. G. Knisel, and D. A. Still. GLEAMS: Groundwater
loading effects of agricultural management systems. Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 30:1403-1418, 1987.
[24] J. Lin, L. Xie, L.J. Pietrafesa, H. Xu, W. Woods, M.A. Mallin, and M.J.
Durako. Water quality reponses to simulated flow and nutrient
reductions in the Cape Fear River Estaury and adjacent coastal region,
North Carolina. Ecological Modeling, doi:
10:1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.026, 2007.
[25] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2001 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-03/085.
Lansing, Michigan, 153 pp, 2003.
[26] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2002 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-04/049.
Lansing, Michigan, 148 pp, 2004.
[27] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2003 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-05/058.
Lansing, Michigan, 164 pp, 2005.
[28] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2004 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-06/045.
Lansing, Michigan, 163 pp,2006.
[29] Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Remedial action plan for
Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay. MDNR, Surface Water Quality
Division, Lansing, Michigan, 588 pp, 1998.
[30] Midwest Plan Service . Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook. 2nd
edition. MWPS-8, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 1985.
[31] B. Rowe. Michigan Restricted Use Pesticides Database. Michigan
Department of Agriculture Pesticides and Plant Pest Management
Division. Lansing, Michigan, 2005.
[32] B.C. Ruddy, D.L. Lorenz, and D.K. Mueller. County-level estimates of
nutrient inputs to the land surface of the conterminous United States,
1982-2001. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5012.
http://www.usgs.gov. Accessed Nov.13, 2006.
[33] S. Sala, and M. Vighi. GIS-Based procedure for site-specific risk
assessment of pesticides for aquatic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and
Environmental Safety. Doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.06.015, 2007.
[34] A.N. Sharpley, and J. R. Williams (Editors). EPIC-Erosion/Productivity
Impact Calculator. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Technical
Bulletin No. 1768, Washington, D. C., 235 pp, 1990.
[35] U. S. Geological Survey. Method for estimating pesticide use for county
areas of the conterminous United States. USGS Open-File Report 00-
250, 2. Sacramento, California, 62 pp, 2000.
[36] USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural chemical
usage 2003 field crops summary, 2004. www.usda.gov/nas/, accessed
October 12, 2005.
[37] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. National water quality
inventory 2000 report. EPA-841-R-02-001, Washington D. C., 2002.
[38] Pesticides industry sales and usage 2000 and 2001 market
estimates. Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of
Pesticide Programs, Washington D. C. Report EPA-733-R-04-001. 33
pp, 2004.
[39] R.A. Young, C. A. Onstad, D. D. Bosch, and W. P. Anderson. AGNPS:
a non-point-source pollution model for evaluating agricultural
watersheds. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 44(2):168-173,
1989.
[1] R.B. Alexander, and R.A. Smith. Country level estimates of nitrogen
and phosphorus fertilizer use in the United States, 1945 to 1985. USGS
Open-File Report 90-130, 1990.
http:pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/ofr90130/report.html. Accessed Nov.9, 2006.
[2] G.R. Arnold, R., Srinavasan, R. S. Muttiah, and J. R. Williams. Large
area hydrologic modeling and assessment. Part I. Model Development.
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34 (1): 73-89,
1998.
[3] D.B. Beasley, and L. F. Huggins. ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source
Watershed Environment Simulation) - User's Manual. Department of
Agricultural Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana,
1980.
[4] L. Belanche-Mu├▒oz, and A.R. Blanch. Machine leaning methods for
microbial source tracking. Environmental Modeling & Software,
doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.09.013, 2007.
[5] B.R. Bicknell, J. C. Imhoff, J. Kittle, A. S. Donigian, and R. C.
Johansen. Hydrological Simulation ProgramÔÇöFORTRAN, User-s
Manual for Release 11. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, 1996.
[6] F. Bouraoui, and B. Grizzetti. An integrated modeling framework to
estimate the fate of nutrients: application to the Loire (France).
Ecological Modeling. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.037, 2007.
[7] T.E. Croley, II, and C. He, Distributed-parameter large basin runoff
model I: model development. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
10(3):173-181, 2005.
[8] T.E. Croley, II, and C. He. Watershed surface and subsurface spatial
intraflows. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 11(1):12-20, 2006.
[9] T.E. Croley, II, C. He, and D. H. Lee, 2005. Distributed-parameter large
basin runoff model II: application. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
10(3):182-191, 2005.
[10] T.E. Croley II, and C. He.. Ch.9. Spatially distributed watershed model
of water and materials runoff. In: Ji, W. (ed). Wetland and Water
Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective. Taylor
& Francis Books, p.99-112, 2007.
[11] E. Dumont, E.J. Bakker, L. Bouwman, C. Kroeze, R. Leemans, and A.
Stein. A framework to identify appropriate spatial and temporal scales for
modeling n flows from watersheds. Ecological Modeling, doi:
10.1016/j.ecomodel.2007.10.006, 2007.
[12] C. He, C. DeMarchi, and T.E. Croley II. Modeling spatial distributions
of nonpoint source pollution loadings in the great lakes watersheds by
using the distributed large basin runoff model. Proc. Papers of American
Water Resources Association GIS and Water Resources V, San Mateo,
California, March 17-19, 2008.
[13] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Application of a distributed large basin runoff
model in the Great Lakes Basin. Control Engineering Practice Vol. 15
(8): 1001-1011, 2007a
[14] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Ch.10. Estimating nonpoint source pollution
loadings in the great lakes watersheds. In: Ji, W. (ed). Wetland and Water
Resource Modeling and Assessment: A Watershed Perspective. Taylor
& Francis Books , p.115-127, 2007b.
[15] C. He, and T.E. Croley II.. Integration of gis and visualization for
distributed large basin runoff modeling of the Great Lakes Watersheds.
In: Scarpati and Jones (eds). Environmental Change and Rational Water
Use. Orientación Gráfica Editora S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp.
247-260, 2007c.
[16] C. He, and T.E. Croley II. Spatially modeling nonpoint source pollution
loadings in the Saginaw Bay Watersheds with the DLBRM. Proc. Papers
of American Water Resources Association GIS and Water Resources IV,
Houston, Texas, May 8-10, 2006.
[17] C. He, Integration of GIS and simulation model for watershed
management. Environmental Modeling and Software 18(8-9):809-813,
2003.
[18] C. He, J. F. Riggs, and Y. T. Kang. Integration of geographic information
systems and a computer model to evaluate impacts of agricultural runoff
on water quality. Water Resources Bulletin, 29(6):891-900, 1993.
[19] C. He, and C. Shi. A preliminary analysis of animal manure eistribution
in Michigan for nutrient utilization. Journal of The American Water
Resources Association, 34(6):1341-1354, 1998.
[20] C. He, C. Shi, C. Yang, and B. P. Agosti. A Windows-based GISAGNPS
interface. Journal of The American Water Resources
Association, 37(2):395-406, 2001.
[21] L-M, He and Z. He. Water quality prediction of marine recreational
beaches receiving watershed baseflow and stormwater Runoff in
Southern California, USA. Water Research,
doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.002, 2008.
[22] W. G. Knisel. CREAMS: A Fieldscale Model for Chemical, Runoff, and
Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. USDA, Science and
Education Administration, Conservation Report No. 26, Washington,
D.C, 1980
[23] R.A. Leonard, W. G. Knisel, and D. A. Still. GLEAMS: Groundwater
loading effects of agricultural management systems. Transactions of the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 30:1403-1418, 1987.
[24] J. Lin, L. Xie, L.J. Pietrafesa, H. Xu, W. Woods, M.A. Mallin, and M.J.
Durako. Water quality reponses to simulated flow and nutrient
reductions in the Cape Fear River Estaury and adjacent coastal region,
North Carolina. Ecological Modeling, doi:
10:1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.026, 2007.
[25] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2001 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-03/085.
Lansing, Michigan, 153 pp, 2003.
[26] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2002 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-04/049.
Lansing, Michigan, 148 pp, 2004.
[27] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2003 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-05/058.
Lansing, Michigan, 164 pp, 2005.
[28] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. Michigan Water
Chemistry Monitoring. 2004 Report. Report MI/DEQ/WD-06/045.
Lansing, Michigan, 163 pp,2006.
[29] Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Remedial action plan for
Saginaw River and Saginaw Bay. MDNR, Surface Water Quality
Division, Lansing, Michigan, 588 pp, 1998.
[30] Midwest Plan Service . Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook. 2nd
edition. MWPS-8, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 1985.
[31] B. Rowe. Michigan Restricted Use Pesticides Database. Michigan
Department of Agriculture Pesticides and Plant Pest Management
Division. Lansing, Michigan, 2005.
[32] B.C. Ruddy, D.L. Lorenz, and D.K. Mueller. County-level estimates of
nutrient inputs to the land surface of the conterminous United States,
1982-2001. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5012.
http://www.usgs.gov. Accessed Nov.13, 2006.
[33] S. Sala, and M. Vighi. GIS-Based procedure for site-specific risk
assessment of pesticides for aquatic ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and
Environmental Safety. Doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.06.015, 2007.
[34] A.N. Sharpley, and J. R. Williams (Editors). EPIC-Erosion/Productivity
Impact Calculator. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Technical
Bulletin No. 1768, Washington, D. C., 235 pp, 1990.
[35] U. S. Geological Survey. Method for estimating pesticide use for county
areas of the conterminous United States. USGS Open-File Report 00-
250, 2. Sacramento, California, 62 pp, 2000.
[36] USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural chemical
usage 2003 field crops summary, 2004. www.usda.gov/nas/, accessed
October 12, 2005.
[37] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. National water quality
inventory 2000 report. EPA-841-R-02-001, Washington D. C., 2002.
[38] Pesticides industry sales and usage 2000 and 2001 market
estimates. Biological and Economic Analysis Division, Office of
Pesticide Programs, Washington D. C. Report EPA-733-R-04-001. 33
pp, 2004.
[39] R.A. Young, C. A. Onstad, D. D. Bosch, and W. P. Anderson. AGNPS:
a non-point-source pollution model for evaluating agricultural
watersheds. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 44(2):168-173,
1989.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:57398", author = "Chansheng He and Carlo DeMarchi", title = "Modeling Spatial Distributions of Point and Nonpoint Source Pollution Loadings in the Great Lakes Watersheds", abstract = "A physically based, spatially-distributed water quality model is being developed to simulate spatial and temporal distributions of material transport in the Great Lakes Watersheds of the U.S. Multiple databases of meteorology, land use, topography, hydrography, soils, agricultural statistics, and water quality were used to estimate nonpoint source loading potential in the study watersheds. Animal manure production was computed from tabulations of animals by zip code area for the census years of 1987, 1992, 1997, and 2002. Relative chemical loadings for agricultural land use were calculated from fertilizer and pesticide estimates by crop for the same periods. Comparison of these estimates to the monitored total phosphorous load indicates that both point and nonpoint sources are major contributors to the total nutrient loads in the study watersheds, with nonpoint sources being the largest contributor, particularly in the rural watersheds. These estimates are used as the input to the distributed water quality model for simulating pollutant transport through surface and subsurface processes to Great Lakes waters. Visualization and GIS interfaces are developed to visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of the pollutant transport in support of water management programs.
", keywords = "Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model, Great LakesWatersheds, nonpoint source pollution, and point sources.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "160-7", }
