Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Gas-Crossover in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer
Hydrogen produced by means of polymer electrolyte
membrane electrolyzer (PEME) is one of the most promising
methods due to clean and renewable energy source. In the process,
some energy loss due to mass transfer through a PEM is caused by
diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and the pressure difference between
the cathode channel and anode channel. In PEME, water molecules
and ionic particles transferred between the electrodes from anode to
cathode, Extensive mixing of the hydrogen and oxygen at anode
channel due to gases cross-over must be avoided. In recent times the
consciousness of safety issue in high pressure PEME where the
oxygen mix with hydrogen at anode channel could create, explosive
conditions have generated a lot of concern. In this paper, the steady
state and simulation analysis of gases crossover in PEME on the
temperature and pressure effect are presented. The simulations have
been analysis in MATLAB based on the well-known Fick’s Law of
molecular diffusion. The simulation results indicated that as
temperature increases, there is a significant decrease in operating
voltage.
[1] M. Shen, N. Bennett, Y. Ding, and K. Scott, "A concise model for
evaluating water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, vol. 36, pp. 14335-14341, 2011.
[2] T. N. Veziroglu and F. Barbir, "Solar–Hydrogen Energy System: The
Choice of the Future," Environmental Conservation, vol. 18, pp. 304-
312, 1991.
[3] J. Pettersson, B. Ramsey, and D. Harrison, "A review of the latest
developments in electrodes for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte
fuel cells," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 157, pp. 28-34, 2006.
[4] S. Grigoriev, V. Porembsky, and V. Fateev, "Pure hydrogen production
by PEM electrolysis for hydrogen energy," International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, pp. 171-175, 2006.
[5] H. Kim, M. Park, and K. S. Lee, "One-dimensional dynamic modeling
of a high-pressure water electrolysis system for hydrogen production,"
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, pp. 2596-2609,
2013.
[6] F. Marangio, M. Santarelli, and M. Cali, "Theoretical model and
experimental analysis of a high pressure PEM water electrolyser for
hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.
34, pp. 1143-1158, 2009.
[7] B. Lee, K. Park, and H. M. Kim, "Dynamic Simulation of PEM Water
Electrolysis and Comparison with Experiments," International Journal
of Electrochemical Science, vol. 8, pp. 235-248, Jan 2013.
[8] S. A. Grigoriev, A. A. Kalinnikov, P. Millet, V. I. Porembsky, and V. N.
Fateev, "Mathematical modeling of high-pressure PEM water
electrolysis," Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 921-932,
2009.
[9] L. Zhang, C. Ma, and S. Mukerjee, "Oxygen permeation studies on
alternative proton exchange membranes designed for elevated
temperature operation," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 48, pp. 1845-1859,
2003.
[10] H. Ito, T. Maeda, A. Nakano, and H. Takenaka, "Properties of Nafion
membranes under PEM water electrolysis conditions," International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 10527-10540, 2011.
[11] V. Sethuraman, J. Weidner, A. Haug, and L. Protsailo, "Durability of
perfluorosulfonic acid and hydrocarbon membranes: effect of humidity
and temperature," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 155, pp.
119 - 124, 2008.
[12] M. Schalenbach, M. Carmo, D. L. Fritz, J. Mergel, and D. Stolten,
"Pressurized PEM water electrolysis: Efficiency and gas crossover,"
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, pp. 14921-14933,
2013.
[13] B. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach, and K. Sundmacher, "In-situ
measurement of hydrogen crossover in polymer electrolyte membrane
water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39,
pp. 49-53, 2014.
[14] S. A. Grigoriev, P. Millet, S. V. Korobtsev, V. I. Porembskiy, M. Pepic,
C. Etievant, C. Puyenchet, and V. N. Fateev, "Hydrogen safety aspects
related to high-pressure polymer electrolyte membrane water
electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp.
5986-5991, 2009.
[15] S. A. Grigoriev, V. I. Porembskiy, S. V. Korobtsev, V. N. Fateev, F.
Auprêtre, and P. Millet, "High-pressure PEM water electrolysis and
corresponding safety issues," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
vol. 36, pp. 2721-2728, 2011.
[16] R. García-Valverde, N. Espinosa, and A. Urbina, "Simple PEM water
electrolyser model and experimental validation," International Journal
of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, pp. 1927-1938, 2012.
[17] P. Choi, "A simple model for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water
electrolysis," Solid State Ionics, vol. 175, pp. 535-539, 2004.
[18] L. Brahim, M. Bouziane, and S. Lazhar, "Theoretical Investigation on
Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis," International Workshop
on Hydrogen WIH2, 2007.
[19] B. Laoun, B. Mahmah, and L. Serir, "Theoretical Investigation on Solid
Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis," 2007.
[20] M. Carmo, D. L. Fritz, J. Mergel, and D. Stolten, "A comprehensive
review on PEM water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, vol. 38, pp. 4901-4934, 2013.
[1] M. Shen, N. Bennett, Y. Ding, and K. Scott, "A concise model for
evaluating water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, vol. 36, pp. 14335-14341, 2011.
[2] T. N. Veziroglu and F. Barbir, "Solar–Hydrogen Energy System: The
Choice of the Future," Environmental Conservation, vol. 18, pp. 304-
312, 1991.
[3] J. Pettersson, B. Ramsey, and D. Harrison, "A review of the latest
developments in electrodes for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte
fuel cells," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 157, pp. 28-34, 2006.
[4] S. Grigoriev, V. Porembsky, and V. Fateev, "Pure hydrogen production
by PEM electrolysis for hydrogen energy," International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, vol. 31, pp. 171-175, 2006.
[5] H. Kim, M. Park, and K. S. Lee, "One-dimensional dynamic modeling
of a high-pressure water electrolysis system for hydrogen production,"
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, pp. 2596-2609,
2013.
[6] F. Marangio, M. Santarelli, and M. Cali, "Theoretical model and
experimental analysis of a high pressure PEM water electrolyser for
hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.
34, pp. 1143-1158, 2009.
[7] B. Lee, K. Park, and H. M. Kim, "Dynamic Simulation of PEM Water
Electrolysis and Comparison with Experiments," International Journal
of Electrochemical Science, vol. 8, pp. 235-248, Jan 2013.
[8] S. A. Grigoriev, A. A. Kalinnikov, P. Millet, V. I. Porembsky, and V. N.
Fateev, "Mathematical modeling of high-pressure PEM water
electrolysis," Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 921-932,
2009.
[9] L. Zhang, C. Ma, and S. Mukerjee, "Oxygen permeation studies on
alternative proton exchange membranes designed for elevated
temperature operation," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 48, pp. 1845-1859,
2003.
[10] H. Ito, T. Maeda, A. Nakano, and H. Takenaka, "Properties of Nafion
membranes under PEM water electrolysis conditions," International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36, pp. 10527-10540, 2011.
[11] V. Sethuraman, J. Weidner, A. Haug, and L. Protsailo, "Durability of
perfluorosulfonic acid and hydrocarbon membranes: effect of humidity
and temperature," Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 155, pp.
119 - 124, 2008.
[12] M. Schalenbach, M. Carmo, D. L. Fritz, J. Mergel, and D. Stolten,
"Pressurized PEM water electrolysis: Efficiency and gas crossover,"
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 38, pp. 14921-14933,
2013.
[13] B. Bensmann, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach, and K. Sundmacher, "In-situ
measurement of hydrogen crossover in polymer electrolyte membrane
water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 39,
pp. 49-53, 2014.
[14] S. A. Grigoriev, P. Millet, S. V. Korobtsev, V. I. Porembskiy, M. Pepic,
C. Etievant, C. Puyenchet, and V. N. Fateev, "Hydrogen safety aspects
related to high-pressure polymer electrolyte membrane water
electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 34, pp.
5986-5991, 2009.
[15] S. A. Grigoriev, V. I. Porembskiy, S. V. Korobtsev, V. N. Fateev, F.
Auprêtre, and P. Millet, "High-pressure PEM water electrolysis and
corresponding safety issues," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
vol. 36, pp. 2721-2728, 2011.
[16] R. García-Valverde, N. Espinosa, and A. Urbina, "Simple PEM water
electrolyser model and experimental validation," International Journal
of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, pp. 1927-1938, 2012.
[17] P. Choi, "A simple model for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) water
electrolysis," Solid State Ionics, vol. 175, pp. 535-539, 2004.
[18] L. Brahim, M. Bouziane, and S. Lazhar, "Theoretical Investigation on
Solid Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis," International Workshop
on Hydrogen WIH2, 2007.
[19] B. Laoun, B. Mahmah, and L. Serir, "Theoretical Investigation on Solid
Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis," 2007.
[20] M. Carmo, D. L. Fritz, J. Mergel, and D. Stolten, "A comprehensive
review on PEM water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy, vol. 38, pp. 4901-4934, 2013.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:71629", author = "A. H. Abdol Rahim and Alhassan Salami Tijani", title = "Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Gas-Crossover in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer", abstract = "Hydrogen produced by means of polymer electrolyte
membrane electrolyzer (PEME) is one of the most promising
methods due to clean and renewable energy source. In the process,
some energy loss due to mass transfer through a PEM is caused by
diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and the pressure difference between
the cathode channel and anode channel. In PEME, water molecules
and ionic particles transferred between the electrodes from anode to
cathode, Extensive mixing of the hydrogen and oxygen at anode
channel due to gases cross-over must be avoided. In recent times the
consciousness of safety issue in high pressure PEME where the
oxygen mix with hydrogen at anode channel could create, explosive
conditions have generated a lot of concern. In this paper, the steady
state and simulation analysis of gases crossover in PEME on the
temperature and pressure effect are presented. The simulations have
been analysis in MATLAB based on the well-known Fick’s Law of
molecular diffusion. The simulation results indicated that as
temperature increases, there is a significant decrease in operating
voltage.", keywords = "Diffusion, gases cross-over, steady state.", volume = "10", number = "1", pages = "1-7", }