Metallographic Analysis of Laser and Mechanically Formed HSLA Steel
This research was conducted to develop a correlation
between microstructure of HSLA steel and the mechanical properties
that occur as a result of both laser and mechanical forming processes
of the metal. The technique of forming flat metals by applying laser
beams is a relatively new concept in the manufacturing industry.
However, the effects of laser energy on the stability of metal alloy
phases have not yet been elucidated in terms of phase
transformations and microhardness. In this work, CO2 laser source
was used to irradiate the surface of a flat metal then the
microstructure and microhardness of the metal were studied on the
formed specimen. The extent to which the microstructure changed
depended on the heat inputs of up to 1000 J/cm2 with cooling rates of
about 4.8E+02 K/s. Experimental results revealed that the irradiated
surface of a HSLA steel had transformed to austenitic structure
during the heating process.
[1] H. Arnet & F. Vollersen. "Extending laser bending for the generation of
convex shapes", J.of Eng. Manufacture (209), 1995, pg 433-441.
[2] T. Hinnige, S. Holzer, F. Vollersen & M. Geiger "The accuracy of laser
bending, Material Process Technology" (70) 1997 pg 351-355.
[3] K.C. Chan et al. Laser bending of thin stainless steel sheets, Journal of
laser applications, laser Institute of America, 32-40.
[4] J. Magee, K. G. Watkins, & W. M. Steen, "Advances in laser forming",
Laser Applications, (6) 10. 1998.
[5] W. Li & Y.L. Yoa, Effects of strain rate in laser forming. Proceedings of
the International Conference of lasers and Electro-Optics, Orlando 1999,
pg 102-111.
[6] L. Fratini & F. Micari, "The influence of the technological and
geometrical parameters in laser bending process", in Proceedings of the
International Symposium for electromachining, Lausanne, Switzerland,
1995, pg 753 - 761.
[7] J. Lawrence, M.J.J. Schmidt & L. Li, "The forming of mild steel plates
with 2.5kW high power diode laser". J. of Machine tools & manufacture,
vol. 41, 2001, pg 967-977.
[8] G. Thomson & M. Pridham, Material property changes associated with
laser forming of mild steel components, J. of Mat. Proc. Technology
118, 2001 pg 40-44.
[9] P.J. McGrath & C.J. Hughes, Experimental Fatigue Performance of
Laser Formed Components, J of Optical and lasers in engineering,
submitted 2005.
[10] Bruder, E., Bohn, T. & M├╝ller, C. (2008). Properties of UFG HSLA
steel profiles produced by linear flow splitting. Material Science Forum,
584-586: 661-666.
[11] K. Hulka, "The role of niobium in low carbon bainatic HSLA steel,"
www.msm.com.ac.uk/phase_trans/2005/link/10pdf. 2005
[1] H. Arnet & F. Vollersen. "Extending laser bending for the generation of
convex shapes", J.of Eng. Manufacture (209), 1995, pg 433-441.
[2] T. Hinnige, S. Holzer, F. Vollersen & M. Geiger "The accuracy of laser
bending, Material Process Technology" (70) 1997 pg 351-355.
[3] K.C. Chan et al. Laser bending of thin stainless steel sheets, Journal of
laser applications, laser Institute of America, 32-40.
[4] J. Magee, K. G. Watkins, & W. M. Steen, "Advances in laser forming",
Laser Applications, (6) 10. 1998.
[5] W. Li & Y.L. Yoa, Effects of strain rate in laser forming. Proceedings of
the International Conference of lasers and Electro-Optics, Orlando 1999,
pg 102-111.
[6] L. Fratini & F. Micari, "The influence of the technological and
geometrical parameters in laser bending process", in Proceedings of the
International Symposium for electromachining, Lausanne, Switzerland,
1995, pg 753 - 761.
[7] J. Lawrence, M.J.J. Schmidt & L. Li, "The forming of mild steel plates
with 2.5kW high power diode laser". J. of Machine tools & manufacture,
vol. 41, 2001, pg 967-977.
[8] G. Thomson & M. Pridham, Material property changes associated with
laser forming of mild steel components, J. of Mat. Proc. Technology
118, 2001 pg 40-44.
[9] P.J. McGrath & C.J. Hughes, Experimental Fatigue Performance of
Laser Formed Components, J of Optical and lasers in engineering,
submitted 2005.
[10] Bruder, E., Bohn, T. & M├╝ller, C. (2008). Properties of UFG HSLA
steel profiles produced by linear flow splitting. Material Science Forum,
584-586: 661-666.
[11] K. Hulka, "The role of niobium in low carbon bainatic HSLA steel,"
www.msm.com.ac.uk/phase_trans/2005/link/10pdf. 2005
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:55106", author = "L.C. Kgomari and R.K.K.Mbaya", title = "Metallographic Analysis of Laser and Mechanically Formed HSLA Steel", abstract = "This research was conducted to develop a correlation
between microstructure of HSLA steel and the mechanical properties
that occur as a result of both laser and mechanical forming processes
of the metal. The technique of forming flat metals by applying laser
beams is a relatively new concept in the manufacturing industry.
However, the effects of laser energy on the stability of metal alloy
phases have not yet been elucidated in terms of phase
transformations and microhardness. In this work, CO2 laser source
was used to irradiate the surface of a flat metal then the
microstructure and microhardness of the metal were studied on the
formed specimen. The extent to which the microstructure changed
depended on the heat inputs of up to 1000 J/cm2 with cooling rates of
about 4.8E+02 K/s. Experimental results revealed that the irradiated
surface of a HSLA steel had transformed to austenitic structure
during the heating process.", keywords = "Laser, Forming, Microstructure", volume = "4", number = "10", pages = "638-6", }