Mathematical Modelling of Different Types of Body Support Surface for Pressure Ulcer Prevention

Pressure ulcer is a common problem for today’s
healthcare industry. It occurs due to external load applied to the skin.
Also when the subject is immobile for a longer period of time and
there is continuous load applied to a particular area of human body,
blood flow gets reduced and as a result pressure ulcer develops. Body
support surface has a significant role in preventing ulceration so it is
important to know the characteristics of support surface under loading
conditions. In this paper we have presented mathematical models of
different types of viscoelastic materials and also we have shown the
validation of our simulation results with experiments.





References:
[1] G. Bennett, C. Dealey, and J. Posnett, "The cost of pressure ulcers in
the uk,” Age and ageing, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 230–235, 2004.
[2] C. Hsia, K. Liou, A. Aung, V. Foo, W. Huang, and J. Biswas, "Analysis
and comparison of sleeping posture classification methods using pressure
sensitive bed system,” in Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,
2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE.
IEEE, 2009, pp. 6131–6134.
[3] A. Manohar and D. Bhatia, "Pressure detection and wireless interface
for patient bed,” in Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference, 2008.
BioCAS 2008. IEEE. IEEE, 2008, pp. 389–392.
[4] L. R. Solis, A. Liggins, R. R. Uwiera, N. Poppe, E. Pehowich,
P. Seres, R. B. Thompson, and V. K. Mushahwar, "Distribution of
internal pressure around bony prominences: implications to deep tissue
injury and effectiveness of intermittent electrical stimulation,” Annals of
biomedical engineering, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1740–1759, 2012.
[5] N. Graves, F. Birrell, and M. Whitby, "Effect of pressure ulcers on length
of hospital stay,” Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, vol. 26,
no. 3, pp. 293–297, 2005.
[6] C. V. Bouten, C. W. Oomens, F. P. Baaijens, and D. L. Bader, "The
etiology of pressure ulcers: skin deep or muscle bound?” Archives of
physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 616–619, 2003.
[7] R. K. Daniel, D. L. Priest, and D. C. Wheatley, "Etiologic factors in
pressure sores: an experimental model.” Archives of physical medicine
and rehabilitation, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 492–498, 1981.
[8] S. Saha, M. B. Smith, A. Totten, R. Fu, N. Wasson, B. Rahman,
M. Motuapuaka, D. H. Hickam et al., "Pressure ulcer treatment
strategies: Comparative effectiveness,” 2013.
[9] Online, http://www.spinal-injury.net/pressure-sore-stages-sci.htm,
accessed on 13.03.2014.
[10] D. Roylance, "Engineering viscoelasticity,” Department of Materials
Science and Engineering–Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge MA, vol. 2139, pp. 1–37, 2001.
[11] O. Weckner and N. A. Nik Mohamed, "Viscoelastic material models in
peridynamics,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 219, no. 11,
pp. 6039–6043, 2013.
[12] R. M. Christensen and L. Freund, "Theory of viscoelasticity,” 1971.
[13] L. Lundell, "Estimation of material functions using system identification
techniques,” 2012.
[14] L. Hillstr¨om, M. Mossberg, and B. Lundberg, "Identification of complex
modulus from measured strains on an axially impacted bar using least
squares,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 230, no. 3, pp. 689–707,
2000.
[15] E. Zhang, J.-d. Chazot, J. Antoni et al., "Parametric identification of
elastic modulus of polymeric material in laminated glasses,” in System
Identification, vol. 16, no. 1, 2012, pp. 422–427.
[16] S. Choi, S. W. Cha, and B. H. Oh, "Identification of viscoelastic behavior
for early-age concrete based on measured strain and stress histories,”
Materials and structures, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1161–1175, 2010.