Laser Forming of Titanium and Its Alloys – An Overview

Laser beam forming is a novel technique developed for the joining of metallic components. In this study, an overview of the laser beam forming process, areas of application, the basic mechanisms of the laser beam forming process, some recent research studies and the need to focus more research effort on improving the laser-material interaction of laser beam forming of titanium and its alloys are presented.




References:
[1] M. J. Dutta, A. K. Nath, I. Manna, Studies on Laser bending of stainless
steel. Material Science and Engineering A, Vol. 385, 2004, pp. 113 -122.
[2] Metal bending process, 2012, [Online]. Available:
http://www.efunda.com/processes/metal_processing/bending.cfm
(Accessed 10th July, 2012).
[3] S. M. Knupfer, A. J. Moore, The effects of laser forming on the
mechanical and metallurgical properties of low carbon steel and aluminium alloy samples. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2008
doi:10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.069.
[4] M. Marya, G. R. Edwards, An analytical model for the optimization of
the laser bending of titanium Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo. Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, 2002, Issue 124.
[5] M. Geiger, F. Vollertsen, G. Deinzer, Flexible Straightening of car body
shells by laser forming, In: International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI, USA: 1993 Published by SAE, Warrendale, PA, USA.
[6] M. Geiger, H. Arnet, F. Vollertsen, Laser forming, in: Proceedings of the
LANE, 1994, p. 81-92.
[7] D. F. Walczyk, S. Vittal, Bending of Titanium Sheet Using Laser
Forming. New York: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, Issue 4, Vol. 2. 2000.
[8] M. S. Che Jamil, M. A. Sheikh, L. Li, A Numerical Study of the
Temperature Gradient Mechanism in Laser Forming Using Different
Laser Beam Geometries. Pulau Pinang: OCP Science imprint, a member
of the Old City Publishing Group, 2011, Vol. 22.
[9] D. Chen, S. Wu, M. Li, Deformation behaviours of laser curve bending
of sheet metals. Xi-an: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.
148, 2001.
[10] S. P. Bartkowiak, Laser forming of thin metal components for 2D and
3D applications using a high beam quality, low power Nd: YAG Laser and rapid scanning optics. Bremen: International Workshop on Thermal Forming, 2005.
[11] E. Kannatey-Asibu, Principle of laser materials processing. John Wiley
& sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 2009.
[12] G. Dearden, S. P. Edwardson, Some recent development in 2 and 3
dimensional laser forming for macro and micro applications. Journal of
Optics A: pure and Applied Optics Vol. 5, 2003, pp. 8-15.
[13] L. Lawrence, M. J. J. Schmidt, L. Li, The forming of mild steel plates
with a 2.5 kW high power diode laser. International Journal of Machine
Tools and Manufacture Vol. 41, 2001, pp. 967-977.
[14] F. R. Liu, K. C. Chan, C. Y. Tang, Numerical simulation of laser
forming of aluminium matrix composites with different volume fractions
of reinforcement. Materials Science and Engineering a Vol. 458, 2007,
pp. 48-57.
[15] S. A. Akinlabi, E. T. Akinlabi, M. Shukla, Effect of laser beam forming
on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 1008 steel"
Presented at ASME McMat 2011, May 30 - June 2, 2011 in Chicago, USA.
[16] S. A. Akinlabi, T. Marwala, M. Shukla, E. T. Akinlabi, Laser beam
forming of 3 mm steel plate and the evolving properties. International
Conference on Manufacturing Engineering ICME 2011 Venice, Italy, 28
- 30th November 2011, organized by World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology on Materials and Manufacturing (WASET).
[17] C. Thompson, M. Pridham, Material property changes associated with
laser forming of mild steel component. J Meter Process Technology,
Vol. 118, 2001, pp. 40-44.
[18] L. J. Yang, J. Tang, M. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. B. Chen, Surface
characteristic of stainless steel after pulsed laser forming. Applied
Surface science Vol. 256, 2010, pp. 7018- 7026.
[19] Y. Shi, Z. Yao, H. Shen, J. Hu, Research on the mechanisms of laser
forming for the metal plates. International Journal of Machine Tools and
Manufacture Vol. 46, 2006, pp. 1689-1697.
[20] S. P. Edwardson, P. French, K. G. Dearden, K. G. Watkins, W. J.
Cantwell. Laser forming of fibre metal laminates. Lasers in Engineering.
Vol. 15, pp. 233-255.
[21] F. Vollertsen, Mechanisms and models for laser forming. Laser assisted
net shape engineering, in: Proceedings of the LANE, vol. 1, Meisenbach
Bamberg, 1994, pp. 345-360.
[22] W Li, Y. L. Yao. Laser bending of tubes: Mechanisms, Analysis and
Prediction. Transaction of the ASME, Vol. 123, November 2001.
[23] F. Vollertsen, Laser forming, Mechanisms, Models, Applications in LFT
Erlangen monograph, 1995.
[24] M. Geiger, F. Vollertsen, The Mechanisms of Laser Forming, CIRP
ANNALS Vol. 42, 1993, pp. 301 - 304.
[25] J. Magee, K. G. Watkins, W. M. Steen, Advances in laser forming.
Journal of laser Application Vol. 10, 1996, pp. 235-256.
[26] S. A. Akinlabi, M. Shukla, E. T. Akinlabi, T. Marwala "Laser beam in
forming application" Laser in Manufacturing by ISTE/Wiley Publishing
house.
[27] J. Kim, B. M. Son, B. S. Kang, H. J. Park, Comparison stamping and
hydro-mechanical forming process for an automobile fuel tank using
finite element method. Journal of Material Processing Technology Vol.
153-154, 2004, pp. 550-557.
[28] J. Magee, J. Sidhu, R. L Cooke. A prototype laser forming system,
Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 34, 2000, pp. 339-353.
[29] D. A. Hollander, Walter M. V, T. Wittz, R. Sellei. Structural, mechanical
and invitro characterisation of individually structured Ti-6Al-4V
produced by direct laser forming. Journal of Biomaterials, Vol. 27, 2006,
pp. 955-963.
[30] D. J. Chen, S. C. Wu, M. Q. Studies on laser forming of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
sheet. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 152, 2004, pp. 62-65.