Laboratory Testing Regime for Quantifying Soil Collapsibility
Collapsible soils go through radical rearrangement of
their particles when triggered by water, stress or/and vibration,
causing loss of volume. This loss of volume in soil as seen in
foundation failures has caused millions of dollars’ worth of damages
to public facilities and infrastructure and so has an adverse effect on
the society and people. Despite these consequences and the several
studies that are available, more research is still required in the study
of soil collapsibility. Discerning the pedogenesis (formation) of soils
and investigating the combined effects of the different geological soil
properties is key to elucidating and quantifying soils collapsibility.
This study presents a novel laboratory testing regime that would be
undertaken on soil samples where the effects of soil type, compactive
variables (moisture content, density, void ratio, degree of saturation)
and loading are analyzed. It is anticipated that results obtained would
be useful in mapping the trend of the combined effect thus the basis
for evaluating soil collapsibility or collapse potentials encountered in
construction with volume loss problems attributed to collapse.
[1] Evans, R. D., Jefferson, I., Northmore, K. J., Synac, O., and Serridge, C.
J. “Geophysical investigation and in-situ treatment of collapsible soils.”
Geotechnical Special Publication, n 126 II, Geotechnical Engineering
for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans, 2004 pp. 1848–
1857.
[2] Northmore, K. N., Jefferson, I., Jackson, P. D., Entwisle, D. C.,
Milodowski, A. E., Raines, M. R., Gunn, D. A., Boardman, D. I.,
Zourmpakis, A., Nelder, L. M., Rogers, C. D. F., Dixon, N., Smalley, I.
J., and Derbyshire, E. “On-Site Characterisation of Loessic Brickearth
Deposits at Ospringe, Kent, UK.” Proceedings on the Institution of Civil
Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 161, 2008, pp. 3-17.
[3] Pererira, J. H. F., and Fredlund, D. G. “Volume change behavior of
collapsible compacted gneiss soil.” Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 126, No. 10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[4] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N. and Lawrence, C. A. “Collapsible soil
engineering in highway infrastructure development.” Journal of
Transportation Engineering, vol. 128, No. 3, 2002, pp. 295-300.
[5] Rafie, B., Moayed, Z., and Esmaeli, M. “Evaluation of Soil
Collapsibility Potential: A Case Study of Semnan Railway Station.”
Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran, vol. 13, 2008.
[6] Frye, J. C. “Collapsible soils in Colorado.” <http://geosurvey.state.co.us/
hazards/Collapsible%20Soils/Pages/CollapsibleSoils.aspx> 2009 (22
May 2011).
[7] Jefferson, I., and Rogers, C. D. F. “ICE Manual of Geotechnical
Engineering.” Geotechnical Engineering Principles, Problematic Soils
and Site Investigation, vol 1, 2012, pp. 391-411.
[8] Habibagahi, G., and Taherian, M. “Prediction of collapse potential for
compacted soil using Artificial Neural networks.” Scientia Iranica, vol.
11, 2004 pp. 1 – 20.
[9] Rogers C. D. F. “Types and distribution of collapsible soil. Genesis and
properties of collapsible soils.” eds. By Derbyshire, E., Dijkstra, T.,
Smalley ,J. Netherland: Kluwer Academic, 1995, pp.1-17.
[10] Dudley, J. H. “Review of collapsing soils.” Journal of Soil Mechanics
and Foundation Division, ASCE, vol 96, No. 3, 1970, pp. 925-947.
[11] Lin, Z. “Variability in collapsibility and strength of loess with age.
Genesis and properties of collapsible soils,” NATO ASI Series C:
Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, vol. 468, 1995, pp. 247–265 cited in Houston, S. L.,
Houston, W. N., and Lawrence, C. A. “Collapsible soil engineering in
highway infrastructure development.” Journal of Transportation
Engineering, vol. 3, 2002, pp. 295-300.
[12] Barden, L., McGown, A., and Collins, K. “The collapse mechanism in
partly saturated soil.” Engineering Geology, vol. 7, 1973, pp. 49-60.
[13] Mitchell J.K. “Fundamentals of soil behaviour. New York: Wiley 1976.
cited in Pererira, J.H.F. & Fredlund, D.G. Volume change behaviour of
collapsible compacted gneiss soil. Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126 vol.10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[14] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N., Zapata, C. E., and Lawrence, C.
“Geotechnical engineering practice for collapsible soils.” Geotechnical
and Geological Engineering, vol. 19, 2001, pp. 333-355.
[15] Beckwith, G. H. “Foundation design practices for collapsing soils in the
western United States in Unsaturated soils.” In: Proceedings of the 1st
International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, 1995, pp.
953 – 958.
[16] Das, S. “Seismicity gaps and the shape of the seismic zone in the Banda
Sea region from relocated hypocentres.” Journal of Geophysical
Research-Solid Earth vol. 10, 2004, pp. 1-18.
[17] Jennings, and Burland, “Limitations to the use of effective stresses in
partly saturated soils.” Geotechnique, vol. 12, No. 2, 1962, pp. 125–144.
[18] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N., and Spadola, D. J. “Prediction of field
collapse of soils due to wetting.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
vol. 114, No. 1, 1988, pp. 40-58.
[19] El-Sohby, M. A., and Rabba, E. A. “Some factors affecting swelling of
clayey soils.” Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 12, 1981 pp. 19-39.
[20] Basma, A.A., and Tuncer, E.R.. “Evaluation and control of collapsible
soils.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 118, No. 10, 1992, pp.
1491-1504.
[21] Derbyshire, E., and Meng, X. M. “Loess.” In: (Fookes, P.G., Lee, E.M.
& Milligan, G. eds), Geomorphology for engineers, Whittles publishing,
Dunbeath, Scotland, 2005 pp. 688-728.
[22] Jefferson, I., Tye, C., and Northmore, K.G. “The engineering
characteristics of UK brickearth.” In: Problematic soils, (Jefferson, I.,
Murray, E.J., Faragher, E. and Fleming, P.R. eds.) Thomas Telford
Publishing, London, 2001, pp. 37-52.
[23] Smalley, I. J., Mavlyanova, N. G, Rakhmatullaev, Kh. L., Shermatov,
M. Sh., Machalett, B., O’Hara Dhand, K., Jefferson, I. F. “The formation
of loess deposites in the Tashkent region and parts of central Asia; and
problems with irrigation, hydrocollapse and soil erosion.” Quaternary
International, 2006, pp. 59–69.
[24] Jennings, J. E., and Knight, K. “A guide to construction on or with
materials exhibiting additional settlement due to collapse of grain
structure.” In: Proceedings of the 6th African Conference on Soil
Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Durban, 1975, pp. 99-105.
[25] Batygin V.I. () “on the methods for estimate of soil subsidence.”
Hydrotechnical construction vol 7 Moscow. cited in Minkov M. (1984)
“Quantitative prediction of collapsibility of loess soils.” ed. by
International Geological Congress, Bogdanov A.N. Engineering
geology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological congress. The
Netherland: VNU Science Press BV, vol 17, 1937, pp. 145 – 169.
[26] Denisov, N. Y. “The engineering properties of loess and loess-like soils
(in Russian).” Moscow: Gosstroiizdat 1951, pp.133. cited in Darwell, J.,
and Denness, B. “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication of
the 121st international association of Hydrological sciences, 1976.
[27] Priklonskij, V. A. “Vtoriaia Chast (Soil Science II).” Gosgeolizdat,
Moscow: Gruntovedenie. 1952, pp.371. cited in Darwell, J., and
Denness, B., “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication of the
121st international association of Hydrological sciences, 1976.
[28] Feda, J. “Structural stability of subsidence loess from Praha-Dejvice.”
Engineering Geology, vol. 1, 1966, pp. 201-219.
[29] Gibbs, H. J., and Bara, J. P. “Predicting surface subsidence from basic
soil tests.” Special Technical Publication, vol. 332, ASTM, 1962, pp.
231-247.
[30] Handy, R. L. “Collapsible loess in Iowa.” Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., vol.
37, 1973, pp. 281-284. cited in Bell F.G. “Engineering geology and
construction.” London: Spon Press, 2004, pp 310.
[31] Abelev, Y.M.. “Fundamentals of Design and Construction on
Macroporous Soils.” Moscow: Stroivoenmorizdat, 1948. cited in
Mansour, Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. “On the Procedures of Soil
Collapse Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation,
vol. 8, 2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[32] Jenning, J. E. B., and Knight, K. “The additional settlement of
foundations due to collapse of structure of sandy subsoil on wetting.”
Proc. 4th international conference on soil mechanism and foundation
engineering, vol. 1, 1957, pp. 316 -319. cited in Pererira, J. H. F., and
Fredlund, D. G. “Volume change behavior of collapsible compacted
gneiss soil.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering, vol. 126, No. 10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[33] Mansour, Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. “On the Procedures of Soil
Collapse Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation,
vol. 8, 2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[34] Hormdee D., Ochiai H. and Yasufuku N. Influence of stress history and
socking pressure on collapsibility of Shirasu soil (online) available from
<http://www7.civil.kyushu-u.ac.jp/geotech/cd/pdf/381.pdf> 2004, (20
July 2010)
[35] Lehr H. “Foundation engineering problems in loess soils.” Proc. 3rd
Asian Reg. Conf.SMFE vol. 1, No. 6, 1967, pp. 20-24. cited in Darwell,
J., and Denness, B. “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication
of the 121st international association of hydrological sciences, 1976.
[36] Clevenger, M. A.. “Experience with loess as a foundation material.”
Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 123, 1958, pp.
151–180. cited in Bell, F. G. “Engineering geology and construction.”
London: Spon Press, 2004.
[37] Larionov, A. K., Priklonskii, V. A., and Anan’ev V. P. “Lessovye
porody SSSR i ikh stroitel’nye svoistva,” part 1. Leningrad, 1959. cited
in Minkov, M. ed. “International Geological Congress, Bogdanov A.N.
Engineering geology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological
congress.” The Netherland: VNU Science Press BV, 1984.
[38] Lutenegger, A. J., and Saber, R. T. “Determination of collapse potential
of soils.” Geotech. Test. J., vol. 11, 1988, pp. 173-178. cited in Mansour,
Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. ”On the Procedures of Soil Collapse
Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation, vol. 8,
2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[39] Nouaouria, M. S., Guenfoud, M., Lafifi, B. “Engineering properties of
loess in Algeria.” Engineering Geology. vol. 99, 2008, pp. 85–90.
[40] Lawton, E. C., Frasgaszy, R. J., and Hetherington, M. D. “Review of
wetting-induced collapse in compacted soil.” Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, vol. 118, 1992, pp. 1376-1394.
[41] Uchaipichat, A. “Hydraulic hysteresis effect on compressibility of
unsaturated soils.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
vol. 5, 2010, pp. 92 – 97.
[42] Medero, G. M., Sehnaid, F., and Gehling W. Y. Y. “Oedometer
behaviour of an artificial cemented highly collapsible soil.” Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, 2009,
Pp.840 – 843.
[43] Derbyshire, E., Dijkstra, T. A., and Smalley, I. J. eds. ‘Genesis and
properties of collapsible soils.’ Series C: Mathematical and Physical
Sciences – Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, vol. 468. 1995.
[1] Evans, R. D., Jefferson, I., Northmore, K. J., Synac, O., and Serridge, C.
J. “Geophysical investigation and in-situ treatment of collapsible soils.”
Geotechnical Special Publication, n 126 II, Geotechnical Engineering
for Transportation Projects: Proceedings of Geo-Trans, 2004 pp. 1848–
1857.
[2] Northmore, K. N., Jefferson, I., Jackson, P. D., Entwisle, D. C.,
Milodowski, A. E., Raines, M. R., Gunn, D. A., Boardman, D. I.,
Zourmpakis, A., Nelder, L. M., Rogers, C. D. F., Dixon, N., Smalley, I.
J., and Derbyshire, E. “On-Site Characterisation of Loessic Brickearth
Deposits at Ospringe, Kent, UK.” Proceedings on the Institution of Civil
Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 161, 2008, pp. 3-17.
[3] Pererira, J. H. F., and Fredlund, D. G. “Volume change behavior of
collapsible compacted gneiss soil.” Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 126, No. 10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[4] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N. and Lawrence, C. A. “Collapsible soil
engineering in highway infrastructure development.” Journal of
Transportation Engineering, vol. 128, No. 3, 2002, pp. 295-300.
[5] Rafie, B., Moayed, Z., and Esmaeli, M. “Evaluation of Soil
Collapsibility Potential: A Case Study of Semnan Railway Station.”
Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, Iran, vol. 13, 2008.
[6] Frye, J. C. “Collapsible soils in Colorado.” <http://geosurvey.state.co.us/
hazards/Collapsible%20Soils/Pages/CollapsibleSoils.aspx> 2009 (22
May 2011).
[7] Jefferson, I., and Rogers, C. D. F. “ICE Manual of Geotechnical
Engineering.” Geotechnical Engineering Principles, Problematic Soils
and Site Investigation, vol 1, 2012, pp. 391-411.
[8] Habibagahi, G., and Taherian, M. “Prediction of collapse potential for
compacted soil using Artificial Neural networks.” Scientia Iranica, vol.
11, 2004 pp. 1 – 20.
[9] Rogers C. D. F. “Types and distribution of collapsible soil. Genesis and
properties of collapsible soils.” eds. By Derbyshire, E., Dijkstra, T.,
Smalley ,J. Netherland: Kluwer Academic, 1995, pp.1-17.
[10] Dudley, J. H. “Review of collapsing soils.” Journal of Soil Mechanics
and Foundation Division, ASCE, vol 96, No. 3, 1970, pp. 925-947.
[11] Lin, Z. “Variability in collapsibility and strength of loess with age.
Genesis and properties of collapsible soils,” NATO ASI Series C:
Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands, vol. 468, 1995, pp. 247–265 cited in Houston, S. L.,
Houston, W. N., and Lawrence, C. A. “Collapsible soil engineering in
highway infrastructure development.” Journal of Transportation
Engineering, vol. 3, 2002, pp. 295-300.
[12] Barden, L., McGown, A., and Collins, K. “The collapse mechanism in
partly saturated soil.” Engineering Geology, vol. 7, 1973, pp. 49-60.
[13] Mitchell J.K. “Fundamentals of soil behaviour. New York: Wiley 1976.
cited in Pererira, J.H.F. & Fredlund, D.G. Volume change behaviour of
collapsible compacted gneiss soil. Journal of Geotechnical and
Geoenvironmental Engineering, 126 vol.10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[14] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N., Zapata, C. E., and Lawrence, C.
“Geotechnical engineering practice for collapsible soils.” Geotechnical
and Geological Engineering, vol. 19, 2001, pp. 333-355.
[15] Beckwith, G. H. “Foundation design practices for collapsing soils in the
western United States in Unsaturated soils.” In: Proceedings of the 1st
International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France, 1995, pp.
953 – 958.
[16] Das, S. “Seismicity gaps and the shape of the seismic zone in the Banda
Sea region from relocated hypocentres.” Journal of Geophysical
Research-Solid Earth vol. 10, 2004, pp. 1-18.
[17] Jennings, and Burland, “Limitations to the use of effective stresses in
partly saturated soils.” Geotechnique, vol. 12, No. 2, 1962, pp. 125–144.
[18] Houston, S. L., Houston, W. N., and Spadola, D. J. “Prediction of field
collapse of soils due to wetting.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
vol. 114, No. 1, 1988, pp. 40-58.
[19] El-Sohby, M. A., and Rabba, E. A. “Some factors affecting swelling of
clayey soils.” Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 12, 1981 pp. 19-39.
[20] Basma, A.A., and Tuncer, E.R.. “Evaluation and control of collapsible
soils.” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 118, No. 10, 1992, pp.
1491-1504.
[21] Derbyshire, E., and Meng, X. M. “Loess.” In: (Fookes, P.G., Lee, E.M.
& Milligan, G. eds), Geomorphology for engineers, Whittles publishing,
Dunbeath, Scotland, 2005 pp. 688-728.
[22] Jefferson, I., Tye, C., and Northmore, K.G. “The engineering
characteristics of UK brickearth.” In: Problematic soils, (Jefferson, I.,
Murray, E.J., Faragher, E. and Fleming, P.R. eds.) Thomas Telford
Publishing, London, 2001, pp. 37-52.
[23] Smalley, I. J., Mavlyanova, N. G, Rakhmatullaev, Kh. L., Shermatov,
M. Sh., Machalett, B., O’Hara Dhand, K., Jefferson, I. F. “The formation
of loess deposites in the Tashkent region and parts of central Asia; and
problems with irrigation, hydrocollapse and soil erosion.” Quaternary
International, 2006, pp. 59–69.
[24] Jennings, J. E., and Knight, K. “A guide to construction on or with
materials exhibiting additional settlement due to collapse of grain
structure.” In: Proceedings of the 6th African Conference on Soil
Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Durban, 1975, pp. 99-105.
[25] Batygin V.I. () “on the methods for estimate of soil subsidence.”
Hydrotechnical construction vol 7 Moscow. cited in Minkov M. (1984)
“Quantitative prediction of collapsibility of loess soils.” ed. by
International Geological Congress, Bogdanov A.N. Engineering
geology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological congress. The
Netherland: VNU Science Press BV, vol 17, 1937, pp. 145 – 169.
[26] Denisov, N. Y. “The engineering properties of loess and loess-like soils
(in Russian).” Moscow: Gosstroiizdat 1951, pp.133. cited in Darwell, J.,
and Denness, B. “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication of
the 121st international association of Hydrological sciences, 1976.
[27] Priklonskij, V. A. “Vtoriaia Chast (Soil Science II).” Gosgeolizdat,
Moscow: Gruntovedenie. 1952, pp.371. cited in Darwell, J., and
Denness, B., “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication of the
121st international association of Hydrological sciences, 1976.
[28] Feda, J. “Structural stability of subsidence loess from Praha-Dejvice.”
Engineering Geology, vol. 1, 1966, pp. 201-219.
[29] Gibbs, H. J., and Bara, J. P. “Predicting surface subsidence from basic
soil tests.” Special Technical Publication, vol. 332, ASTM, 1962, pp.
231-247.
[30] Handy, R. L. “Collapsible loess in Iowa.” Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., vol.
37, 1973, pp. 281-284. cited in Bell F.G. “Engineering geology and
construction.” London: Spon Press, 2004, pp 310.
[31] Abelev, Y.M.. “Fundamentals of Design and Construction on
Macroporous Soils.” Moscow: Stroivoenmorizdat, 1948. cited in
Mansour, Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. “On the Procedures of Soil
Collapse Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation,
vol. 8, 2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[32] Jenning, J. E. B., and Knight, K. “The additional settlement of
foundations due to collapse of structure of sandy subsoil on wetting.”
Proc. 4th international conference on soil mechanism and foundation
engineering, vol. 1, 1957, pp. 316 -319. cited in Pererira, J. H. F., and
Fredlund, D. G. “Volume change behavior of collapsible compacted
gneiss soil.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental
Engineering, vol. 126, No. 10, 2000, pp. 907-916.
[33] Mansour, Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. “On the Procedures of Soil
Collapse Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation,
vol. 8, 2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[34] Hormdee D., Ochiai H. and Yasufuku N. Influence of stress history and
socking pressure on collapsibility of Shirasu soil (online) available from
<http://www7.civil.kyushu-u.ac.jp/geotech/cd/pdf/381.pdf> 2004, (20
July 2010)
[35] Lehr H. “Foundation engineering problems in loess soils.” Proc. 3rd
Asian Reg. Conf.SMFE vol. 1, No. 6, 1967, pp. 20-24. cited in Darwell,
J., and Denness, B. “Prediction of metastable soil collapse.” Publication
of the 121st international association of hydrological sciences, 1976.
[36] Clevenger, M. A.. “Experience with loess as a foundation material.”
Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 123, 1958, pp.
151–180. cited in Bell, F. G. “Engineering geology and construction.”
London: Spon Press, 2004.
[37] Larionov, A. K., Priklonskii, V. A., and Anan’ev V. P. “Lessovye
porody SSSR i ikh stroitel’nye svoistva,” part 1. Leningrad, 1959. cited
in Minkov, M. ed. “International Geological Congress, Bogdanov A.N.
Engineering geology: proceedings of the 27th International Geological
congress.” The Netherland: VNU Science Press BV, 1984.
[38] Lutenegger, A. J., and Saber, R. T. “Determination of collapse potential
of soils.” Geotech. Test. J., vol. 11, 1988, pp. 173-178. cited in Mansour,
Z. M., Chik, Z. and Taha, M. R. ”On the Procedures of Soil Collapse
Potential Evaluation.” Journal of Applied Sciences Evaluation, vol. 8,
2008, pp. 4434-4439.
[39] Nouaouria, M. S., Guenfoud, M., Lafifi, B. “Engineering properties of
loess in Algeria.” Engineering Geology. vol. 99, 2008, pp. 85–90.
[40] Lawton, E. C., Frasgaszy, R. J., and Hetherington, M. D. “Review of
wetting-induced collapse in compacted soil.” Journal of Geotechnical
Engineering, vol. 118, 1992, pp. 1376-1394.
[41] Uchaipichat, A. “Hydraulic hysteresis effect on compressibility of
unsaturated soils.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
vol. 5, 2010, pp. 92 – 97.
[42] Medero, G. M., Sehnaid, F., and Gehling W. Y. Y. “Oedometer
behaviour of an artificial cemented highly collapsible soil.” Journal of
Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 135, 2009,
Pp.840 – 843.
[43] Derbyshire, E., Dijkstra, T. A., and Smalley, I. J. eds. ‘Genesis and
properties of collapsible soils.’ Series C: Mathematical and Physical
Sciences – Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, vol. 468. 1995.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:68484", author = "Anne C. Okwedadi and Samson Ng’ambi and Ian Jefferson", title = "Laboratory Testing Regime for Quantifying Soil Collapsibility", abstract = "Collapsible soils go through radical rearrangement of
their particles when triggered by water, stress or/and vibration,
causing loss of volume. This loss of volume in soil as seen in
foundation failures has caused millions of dollars’ worth of damages
to public facilities and infrastructure and so has an adverse effect on
the society and people. Despite these consequences and the several
studies that are available, more research is still required in the study
of soil collapsibility. Discerning the pedogenesis (formation) of soils
and investigating the combined effects of the different geological soil
properties is key to elucidating and quantifying soils collapsibility.
This study presents a novel laboratory testing regime that would be
undertaken on soil samples where the effects of soil type, compactive
variables (moisture content, density, void ratio, degree of saturation)
and loading are analyzed. It is anticipated that results obtained would
be useful in mapping the trend of the combined effect thus the basis
for evaluating soil collapsibility or collapse potentials encountered in
construction with volume loss problems attributed to collapse.
", keywords = "Collapsible soil, Geomorphological process, Soil
Collapsibility properties, Soil test.", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "849-6", }
