Isolation and Probiotic Characterization of Arsenic-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria for Uptaking Arsenic
The growing health hazardous impact of arsenic (As)
contamination in environment is the impetus of the present
investigation. Application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the
removal of toxic and heavy metals from water has been reported.
This study was performed in order to isolate and characterize the Asresistant
LAB from mud and sludge samples for using as efficient As
uptaking probiotic. Isolation of As-resistant LAB colonies was
performed by spread plate technique using bromocresol purple
impregnated-MRS (BP-MRS) agar media provided with As @ 50
μg/ml. Isolated LAB were employed for probiotic characterization
process, acid and bile tolerance, lactic acid production, antibacterial
activity and antibiotic tolerance assays. After As-resistant and
removal characterizations, the LAB were identified using 16S rDNA
sequencing. A total of 103 isolates were identified as As-resistant
strains of LAB. The survival of 6 strains (As99-1, As100-2, As101-3,
As102-4, As105-7, and As112-9) was found after passing through the
sequential probiotic characterizations. Resistant pattern pronounced
hollow zones at As concentration >2000 μg/ml in As99-1, As100-2,
and As101-3 LAB strains, whereas it was found at ~1000 μg/ml in
rest 3 strains. Among 6 strains, the As uptake efficiency of As102-4
(0.006 μg/h/mg wet weight of cell) was higher (17 – 209%)
compared to remaining LAB. 16S rDNA sequencing data of 3 (As99-
1, As100-2, and As101-3) and 3 (As102-4, As105-7, and As112-9)
LAB strains clearly showed 97 to 99% (340 bp) homology to
Pediococcus dextrinicus and Pediococcus acidilactici, respectively.
Though, there was no correlation between the metal resistant and
removal efficiency of LAB examined but identified elevated As
removing LAB would probably be a potential As uptaking probiotic
agent. Since present experiment concerned with only As removal
from pure water, As removal and removal mechanism in natural
condition of intestinal milieu should be assessed in future studies.
[1] H. M. Hemond, and H. F. Solo-Gabriele, "Children-s exposure to arsenic
from CCA-treated wooden decks and playground structures," Risk
Analysis, vol. 24, pp. 51-64, 2004.
[2] B. L. Murphy, A. P. Toole, and P. D. Bergstrom, "Health risk
assessment for arsenic contaminated soil," Env. Geochem. Health, vol.
11, pp. 163-169, 1989.
[3] National Academy of Sciences, Arsenic-Medical and Biological Effects
of Environmental Pollutants, U.S. Government Printing Office, DC:
Washington, 1977.
[4] National Research Council, Arsenic in Drinking Water, National
Academy Press, DC: Washington, 1999.
[5] F. N. Robertson, "Arsenic in ground-water under oxidizing conditions,
south-west United States," Env. Geochem. Health, vol. 11, pp. 171-185,
1989.
[6] S. K. Gupta, and K. Y. Chen, "Arsenic removal by adsorption," J. of
Water Poll. Cont. Federation, vol. 50(3), pp. 493-506, 1978.
[7] H. Marcussen, P. E. Holm1, L. T. Ha, and A. Dalsgaard, "Food safety
aspects of toxic element accumulation in fish from wastewater-fed ponds
in Hanoi, Vietnam," Trop. Med. Inter. Heal., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 34-39,
2007.
[8] P. A. Amundsen, F. J. Staldvik, A. A. Lukin, N. A. Kashulin, O. A.
Popova, and Y. S. Reshetnikov, "Heavy metal contamination in
freshwater fish from the border region between Norway and Russia," Sc.
Total Env., vol. 201, no. 3, pp. 211-24, 1997.
[9] L. Hollis, C. Hogstrand, and C. M. Wood, "Tissue-specific cadmium
accumulation, metallothionein induction, and tissue zinc and copper
levels during chronic sublethal cadmium exposure in juvenile rainbow
trout," Arch. Env. Contamin. Toxicol., vol. 41, pp. 468-474, 2001.
[10] U.S.E.P.A., EPA Implements Standard of 10 ppb,
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html, 2001.
[11] M. J. Brown, and J. N. Lester, "Role of bacterial extracellular polymers
in metal uptake in pure bacterial culture and activated sludge-1 Effect of
metal concentration," Wat. Res., vol. 16, p. pp. 1539, 1982.
[12] H. Min-sheng, P. Jing, and Z. Le-ping, "Removal of heavy metals from
aqueous solutions using bacteria," J. Shanghai Univ., vol. 5 no. 3, pp.
253-259, 2001.
[13] T. Fenchel, and L. H. Kofoes, "Evidence for exploitative interspecific
competition in mud snails," Oikos, vol. 27, pp. 367-376, 1976.
[14] J. Yingst, "The utilization of organic matter in shallow marine sediments
by an epibenthic deposit feeding holothurian," J. Experim. Mar. Biol.
Ecol., vol. 21, pp. 53-59, 1976.
[15] H. Sugita, T. Ishigaki, D. Iwai, Y. Suzuki, R. Okano, S. Matsuura, M.
Asfie, E. Aono, and Y. Deguchi, "Antibacterial abilities of intestinal
bacteria from three coastal fishes," Suisanzoshoku, vol. 46, pp. 563-568,
1998.
[16] H. Sugita, N. Matsuo, Y. Hirose, M. Iwato, and Y. Deguchi, "Vibrio sp.
strain NM 10 with an inhibitory effect against Pasteurella piscicida from
the intestine of Japanese coastal fish," Appl. Env. Microbio., vol. 63, pp.
4986-4989, 1997.
[17] H. Sugita, N. Matsuo, K. Shibuya, and Y. "Deguchi, Production of
antibacterial substances by intestinal bacteria isolated from coastal crab
and fish species," J. Mar. Biotech., vol. 4, pp. 220-223, 1996.
[18] H. Sugita, R. Okano, Y. Suzuki, D. Iwai, M. Mizukami, N. Akiyama,
and S. Matsuura, "Antibacterial abilities of intestinal bacteria from larval
and juvenile Japanese flounder against fish pathogens," Fish. Sc., vol.
68, pp. 1004-1011, 2002.
[19] T. Halttunen, P. Kankaanpää, R. Tahvonen, S. Salminen, and A.C.
Ouwehand, "Cadmium removal by lactic acid bacteria," Bioscience
Microflora, vol. 22, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[20] T. Halttunen, S. Salminen, and R. Tahvonen, "Rapid removal of lead and
cadmium from water by speci.c lactic acid bacteria," Int. J. of Food
Microbiol., vol. 114, pp. 30-35, 2007.
[21] T. Halttunen, S. Salminen, J. Meriluoto, R. Tahvonen, and K. Lertola,
"Reversible surface binding of cadmium and lead by lactic acid and
bifidobacteria," Inte. J. of Food Microbiol., vol. 125, pp. 170-175, 2008.
[22] M. Pierides, H. El-Nezami, K. Peltonen, S. Salminen, and J. Ahokas,
"Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in a
food model," J. of Food Protection, vol. 63, pp. 645-650, 2000.
[23] J. Meriluoto, M. Gueimonde, C.A. Haskard, L. Spoof, O. Sjovall, and S.
Salminen, "Removal of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR by
human probiotics," Toxicon, vol. 46, pp. 111-114, 2005.
[24] S. M. K. Nybom, S. L. Salminen, and J. A. O. "Meriluoto, Removal of
microcystin-LR by metabolically active probiotic bacteria," FEMS
Microbiol. Lett., vol. 270, pp. 27-33, 2007.
[25] H. S. El-Nezami, N. N. Polychronaki, J. Ma, H. Zhu, W. Ling, E.K.
Salminen, R. O. Juvonen, S. J. Salminen, T. Poussa, and H. M.
Mykkänen, "Probiotic supplementation reduces a biomarker for
increased risk of liver cancer in young men from Southern China," Am.
J. of Clini. Nutr., vol. 83, pp. 1199-1203, 2006.
[26] K. Giller, E. Witter, and S. P. McGrath, "Toxicity of heavy metals to
microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review,"
Soil B. Biochem., vol. 30, pp. 1389-1414, 1998.
[27] G. M. Gadd, "Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other
microorganisms," Experientia, vol. 46, pp. 834-840, 1990.
[28] R. Idris, R. Trifonova, and M. Puschenreiter, "Bacterial communities
associated with flowering plants of the Ni hyperaccumulator Thaspi
goesingense," Appl. Env. Microbiol., vol. 70, pp. 2667-2677, 2004.
[29] S. Erkkila, and E. Petaja, "Screening of commercial meat starter cultures
at low pH in the presence of bile salts for potential probiotic use," J.
Meat Sci., vol. 55, pp. 297-300, 2000.
[30] K. Arihara, H. Ota, M. Itoh, Y. Kondo, T. Sameshima, H. Yamanaka, M.
Akimoto, S. Kanai, and T. Miki, "Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic
acid bacteria applied to meat fermentation," J. Food Sci., vol. 63, no. 3,
pp. 544-547, 1998.
[31] J. L. Balcázar, D. Vendrell, I. de Blas, I. R.-Zarzuela, J. L. Muzquiz, and
O. Girones, "Characterization of probiotic properties of lactic acid
bacteria isolated from intestinal microbiota of fish," Aquaculture, vol.
278, pp. 188-191, 2008.
[32] M. Pazirandeh, B. M. Wells, and R. L. Ryan, "Development of
bacterium-based heavy metal biosorbents: Enhanced uptake of cadmium
and mercury by Escherichia coli expressing a metal binding motif,"
Appl. Env. Microbio., vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 4068-4072, 1998.
[33] J. L. Ruiz-Barba, A. Maldonado, and R. Jiménez-D├¡az, "Small-scale
total DNA extraction from bacteria and yeast for PCR applications,"
Anal. Biochem., vol. 347, pp. 333-335, 2005.
[34] B. Hyronimus, C. Le Marrec, A. Hadi Sassi, and A. Deschamps, "Acid
and bile tolerance of spore-forming lactic acid bacteria," Int. J. Food
Microbiol., vol. 61, pp. 193-197, 2000.
[35] C. Pennacchia, D. Ercolini, G. Blaiotta, O. Pepe, F. Mauriello, and F.
Villani, "Selection of Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages for
their potential use as probiotics," J. Meat Sci., vol. 67, pp. 309-317,
2004.
[36] M. Succi, P. Tremonte, A. Reale, E. Sorrentino, L. Grazia, S. Pacifico,
and R. Coppola, "Bile salt and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus
rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese," FEMS
Microbiol., vol. 244, pp. 129-137, 2005.
[37] J. Prasad, H. Gill, J. Smart, and P. K. Gopal, "Selection and
characterization of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for use as
probiotics," Int. Dairy J., vol. 8, pp. 993-1002, 1998.
[38] V. Strompfova' and A. Laukova', "In vitro study on bacteriocin
production of Enterococci associated with chickens," Anaerobe, vol. 13,
pp. 228-237, 2007.
[39] S. E. Gilliland, T. E. Staley, and L. J. Bush, "Importance of bile
tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus used as a dietary adjunct," J. of
Dairy Sci., vol. 67, pp. 3045-3051, 1984.
[40] B. R. Goldin, S. L. Gorbach, M. Saxelin, S. Barakat, L. Gualtieri, and S.
Salminen, "Survival of Lactobacillus species (strain GG) in human
gastrointestinal tract," Digest. Disea. and Sci., vol. 37, pp. 121-128,
1992.
[41] S. Rengpipat, T. Rueangruklikhit, and S. Piyatiratitivorakul,
"Evaluations of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for juvenile seabass
Lates calcarifer," Aqu. Res., vol. 39, pp. 134-143, 2008.
[42] S. E. Lindgren, and W.J. Dobrogosz, "Antagonistic activities of lactic
acid bacteria in food and feed fermentations," FEMS Microbiol. Rev.,
vol. 87, pp. 149-163, 1990.
[43] N. Hwanhlem, N. Watthanasakphuban, S. Riebroy, S. Benjakul, A. HKittikun1,
and S. Maneerat, "Probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Kung-
Som: isolation, screening, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria," Int. J. of
Food Sci. and Technol. vol. 45, pp. 594-601, 2010.
[44] C. Alvarado, A. B. E. Garcia, S. E. Martin, and C. Regalado, "Foodassociated
lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial potential from
traditional Mexican foods," Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia,
vol. 48, pp. 260-268, 2006.
[45] K. M. Sorrells, and M. L. Speck, "Inhibition of Salmonella gallinarum
by culture filtrates of Leuconostoc citrovorum," J. of Dairy Sci., vol. 53,
pp. 239-241, 1970.
[46] L. Gonza'lez, H. Sandoval, N. Sacrista'n, J. M. Castro, J. M. Fresno, and
M. E. Tornadijo, "Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from
Genestoso cheese throughout ripening and study of their antimicrobial
activity," Food Contr., vol. 18, pp. 716-722, 2007.
[47] H. Qing, D. Min-Na, Q. Hong-Yan, X. Xiang-Ming, Z. Guo-Qiang, and
Y. Min, "Detection, isolation, and identification of cadmium-resistant
bacteria based on PCR-DGGE," J. Env. Sc., vol. 19, pp. 1114-1119,
2007.
[48] T. J. Foster, "Plasmid determined resistance to anti-microbial drugs and
toxic metal ions in bacteria," Microbiol., vol. 47 pp. 361-409, 1983.
[49] P. W. Ramteke, "Plasmid mediated co-transfer of antibiotic resistance
and heavy metal tolerance in coliforms," Ind. J. Microbiol., vol. 37, pp.
77-181, 1997.
[50] A. Anado'n M. R. MartÛ'nes-Larran˜aga, and M. A. MartÛ'nes,
"Probiotic for animal nutrition in the European Union, Regulation and
safety assessment," Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 45, pp. 91-95,
2006.
[1] H. M. Hemond, and H. F. Solo-Gabriele, "Children-s exposure to arsenic
from CCA-treated wooden decks and playground structures," Risk
Analysis, vol. 24, pp. 51-64, 2004.
[2] B. L. Murphy, A. P. Toole, and P. D. Bergstrom, "Health risk
assessment for arsenic contaminated soil," Env. Geochem. Health, vol.
11, pp. 163-169, 1989.
[3] National Academy of Sciences, Arsenic-Medical and Biological Effects
of Environmental Pollutants, U.S. Government Printing Office, DC:
Washington, 1977.
[4] National Research Council, Arsenic in Drinking Water, National
Academy Press, DC: Washington, 1999.
[5] F. N. Robertson, "Arsenic in ground-water under oxidizing conditions,
south-west United States," Env. Geochem. Health, vol. 11, pp. 171-185,
1989.
[6] S. K. Gupta, and K. Y. Chen, "Arsenic removal by adsorption," J. of
Water Poll. Cont. Federation, vol. 50(3), pp. 493-506, 1978.
[7] H. Marcussen, P. E. Holm1, L. T. Ha, and A. Dalsgaard, "Food safety
aspects of toxic element accumulation in fish from wastewater-fed ponds
in Hanoi, Vietnam," Trop. Med. Inter. Heal., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 34-39,
2007.
[8] P. A. Amundsen, F. J. Staldvik, A. A. Lukin, N. A. Kashulin, O. A.
Popova, and Y. S. Reshetnikov, "Heavy metal contamination in
freshwater fish from the border region between Norway and Russia," Sc.
Total Env., vol. 201, no. 3, pp. 211-24, 1997.
[9] L. Hollis, C. Hogstrand, and C. M. Wood, "Tissue-specific cadmium
accumulation, metallothionein induction, and tissue zinc and copper
levels during chronic sublethal cadmium exposure in juvenile rainbow
trout," Arch. Env. Contamin. Toxicol., vol. 41, pp. 468-474, 2001.
[10] U.S.E.P.A., EPA Implements Standard of 10 ppb,
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html, 2001.
[11] M. J. Brown, and J. N. Lester, "Role of bacterial extracellular polymers
in metal uptake in pure bacterial culture and activated sludge-1 Effect of
metal concentration," Wat. Res., vol. 16, p. pp. 1539, 1982.
[12] H. Min-sheng, P. Jing, and Z. Le-ping, "Removal of heavy metals from
aqueous solutions using bacteria," J. Shanghai Univ., vol. 5 no. 3, pp.
253-259, 2001.
[13] T. Fenchel, and L. H. Kofoes, "Evidence for exploitative interspecific
competition in mud snails," Oikos, vol. 27, pp. 367-376, 1976.
[14] J. Yingst, "The utilization of organic matter in shallow marine sediments
by an epibenthic deposit feeding holothurian," J. Experim. Mar. Biol.
Ecol., vol. 21, pp. 53-59, 1976.
[15] H. Sugita, T. Ishigaki, D. Iwai, Y. Suzuki, R. Okano, S. Matsuura, M.
Asfie, E. Aono, and Y. Deguchi, "Antibacterial abilities of intestinal
bacteria from three coastal fishes," Suisanzoshoku, vol. 46, pp. 563-568,
1998.
[16] H. Sugita, N. Matsuo, Y. Hirose, M. Iwato, and Y. Deguchi, "Vibrio sp.
strain NM 10 with an inhibitory effect against Pasteurella piscicida from
the intestine of Japanese coastal fish," Appl. Env. Microbio., vol. 63, pp.
4986-4989, 1997.
[17] H. Sugita, N. Matsuo, K. Shibuya, and Y. "Deguchi, Production of
antibacterial substances by intestinal bacteria isolated from coastal crab
and fish species," J. Mar. Biotech., vol. 4, pp. 220-223, 1996.
[18] H. Sugita, R. Okano, Y. Suzuki, D. Iwai, M. Mizukami, N. Akiyama,
and S. Matsuura, "Antibacterial abilities of intestinal bacteria from larval
and juvenile Japanese flounder against fish pathogens," Fish. Sc., vol.
68, pp. 1004-1011, 2002.
[19] T. Halttunen, P. Kankaanpää, R. Tahvonen, S. Salminen, and A.C.
Ouwehand, "Cadmium removal by lactic acid bacteria," Bioscience
Microflora, vol. 22, pp. 93-97, 2003.
[20] T. Halttunen, S. Salminen, and R. Tahvonen, "Rapid removal of lead and
cadmium from water by speci.c lactic acid bacteria," Int. J. of Food
Microbiol., vol. 114, pp. 30-35, 2007.
[21] T. Halttunen, S. Salminen, J. Meriluoto, R. Tahvonen, and K. Lertola,
"Reversible surface binding of cadmium and lead by lactic acid and
bifidobacteria," Inte. J. of Food Microbiol., vol. 125, pp. 170-175, 2008.
[22] M. Pierides, H. El-Nezami, K. Peltonen, S. Salminen, and J. Ahokas,
"Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in a
food model," J. of Food Protection, vol. 63, pp. 645-650, 2000.
[23] J. Meriluoto, M. Gueimonde, C.A. Haskard, L. Spoof, O. Sjovall, and S.
Salminen, "Removal of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR by
human probiotics," Toxicon, vol. 46, pp. 111-114, 2005.
[24] S. M. K. Nybom, S. L. Salminen, and J. A. O. "Meriluoto, Removal of
microcystin-LR by metabolically active probiotic bacteria," FEMS
Microbiol. Lett., vol. 270, pp. 27-33, 2007.
[25] H. S. El-Nezami, N. N. Polychronaki, J. Ma, H. Zhu, W. Ling, E.K.
Salminen, R. O. Juvonen, S. J. Salminen, T. Poussa, and H. M.
Mykkänen, "Probiotic supplementation reduces a biomarker for
increased risk of liver cancer in young men from Southern China," Am.
J. of Clini. Nutr., vol. 83, pp. 1199-1203, 2006.
[26] K. Giller, E. Witter, and S. P. McGrath, "Toxicity of heavy metals to
microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: a review,"
Soil B. Biochem., vol. 30, pp. 1389-1414, 1998.
[27] G. M. Gadd, "Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other
microorganisms," Experientia, vol. 46, pp. 834-840, 1990.
[28] R. Idris, R. Trifonova, and M. Puschenreiter, "Bacterial communities
associated with flowering plants of the Ni hyperaccumulator Thaspi
goesingense," Appl. Env. Microbiol., vol. 70, pp. 2667-2677, 2004.
[29] S. Erkkila, and E. Petaja, "Screening of commercial meat starter cultures
at low pH in the presence of bile salts for potential probiotic use," J.
Meat Sci., vol. 55, pp. 297-300, 2000.
[30] K. Arihara, H. Ota, M. Itoh, Y. Kondo, T. Sameshima, H. Yamanaka, M.
Akimoto, S. Kanai, and T. Miki, "Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic
acid bacteria applied to meat fermentation," J. Food Sci., vol. 63, no. 3,
pp. 544-547, 1998.
[31] J. L. Balcázar, D. Vendrell, I. de Blas, I. R.-Zarzuela, J. L. Muzquiz, and
O. Girones, "Characterization of probiotic properties of lactic acid
bacteria isolated from intestinal microbiota of fish," Aquaculture, vol.
278, pp. 188-191, 2008.
[32] M. Pazirandeh, B. M. Wells, and R. L. Ryan, "Development of
bacterium-based heavy metal biosorbents: Enhanced uptake of cadmium
and mercury by Escherichia coli expressing a metal binding motif,"
Appl. Env. Microbio., vol. 64, no. 10, pp. 4068-4072, 1998.
[33] J. L. Ruiz-Barba, A. Maldonado, and R. Jiménez-D├¡az, "Small-scale
total DNA extraction from bacteria and yeast for PCR applications,"
Anal. Biochem., vol. 347, pp. 333-335, 2005.
[34] B. Hyronimus, C. Le Marrec, A. Hadi Sassi, and A. Deschamps, "Acid
and bile tolerance of spore-forming lactic acid bacteria," Int. J. Food
Microbiol., vol. 61, pp. 193-197, 2000.
[35] C. Pennacchia, D. Ercolini, G. Blaiotta, O. Pepe, F. Mauriello, and F.
Villani, "Selection of Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages for
their potential use as probiotics," J. Meat Sci., vol. 67, pp. 309-317,
2004.
[36] M. Succi, P. Tremonte, A. Reale, E. Sorrentino, L. Grazia, S. Pacifico,
and R. Coppola, "Bile salt and acid tolerance of Lactobacillus
rhamnosus strains isolated from Parmigiano Reggiano cheese," FEMS
Microbiol., vol. 244, pp. 129-137, 2005.
[37] J. Prasad, H. Gill, J. Smart, and P. K. Gopal, "Selection and
characterization of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for use as
probiotics," Int. Dairy J., vol. 8, pp. 993-1002, 1998.
[38] V. Strompfova' and A. Laukova', "In vitro study on bacteriocin
production of Enterococci associated with chickens," Anaerobe, vol. 13,
pp. 228-237, 2007.
[39] S. E. Gilliland, T. E. Staley, and L. J. Bush, "Importance of bile
tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus used as a dietary adjunct," J. of
Dairy Sci., vol. 67, pp. 3045-3051, 1984.
[40] B. R. Goldin, S. L. Gorbach, M. Saxelin, S. Barakat, L. Gualtieri, and S.
Salminen, "Survival of Lactobacillus species (strain GG) in human
gastrointestinal tract," Digest. Disea. and Sci., vol. 37, pp. 121-128,
1992.
[41] S. Rengpipat, T. Rueangruklikhit, and S. Piyatiratitivorakul,
"Evaluations of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics for juvenile seabass
Lates calcarifer," Aqu. Res., vol. 39, pp. 134-143, 2008.
[42] S. E. Lindgren, and W.J. Dobrogosz, "Antagonistic activities of lactic
acid bacteria in food and feed fermentations," FEMS Microbiol. Rev.,
vol. 87, pp. 149-163, 1990.
[43] N. Hwanhlem, N. Watthanasakphuban, S. Riebroy, S. Benjakul, A. HKittikun1,
and S. Maneerat, "Probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Kung-
Som: isolation, screening, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria," Int. J. of
Food Sci. and Technol. vol. 45, pp. 594-601, 2010.
[44] C. Alvarado, A. B. E. Garcia, S. E. Martin, and C. Regalado, "Foodassociated
lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial potential from
traditional Mexican foods," Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia,
vol. 48, pp. 260-268, 2006.
[45] K. M. Sorrells, and M. L. Speck, "Inhibition of Salmonella gallinarum
by culture filtrates of Leuconostoc citrovorum," J. of Dairy Sci., vol. 53,
pp. 239-241, 1970.
[46] L. Gonza'lez, H. Sandoval, N. Sacrista'n, J. M. Castro, J. M. Fresno, and
M. E. Tornadijo, "Identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from
Genestoso cheese throughout ripening and study of their antimicrobial
activity," Food Contr., vol. 18, pp. 716-722, 2007.
[47] H. Qing, D. Min-Na, Q. Hong-Yan, X. Xiang-Ming, Z. Guo-Qiang, and
Y. Min, "Detection, isolation, and identification of cadmium-resistant
bacteria based on PCR-DGGE," J. Env. Sc., vol. 19, pp. 1114-1119,
2007.
[48] T. J. Foster, "Plasmid determined resistance to anti-microbial drugs and
toxic metal ions in bacteria," Microbiol., vol. 47 pp. 361-409, 1983.
[49] P. W. Ramteke, "Plasmid mediated co-transfer of antibiotic resistance
and heavy metal tolerance in coliforms," Ind. J. Microbiol., vol. 37, pp.
77-181, 1997.
[50] A. Anado'n M. R. MartÛ'nes-Larran˜aga, and M. A. MartÛ'nes,
"Probiotic for animal nutrition in the European Union, Regulation and
safety assessment," Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 45, pp. 91-95,
2006.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:63464", author = "Jatindra N. Bhakta and Kouhei Ohnishi and Yukihiro Munekage and Kozo Iwasaki", title = "Isolation and Probiotic Characterization of Arsenic-Resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria for Uptaking Arsenic", abstract = "The growing health hazardous impact of arsenic (As)
contamination in environment is the impetus of the present
investigation. Application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for the
removal of toxic and heavy metals from water has been reported.
This study was performed in order to isolate and characterize the Asresistant
LAB from mud and sludge samples for using as efficient As
uptaking probiotic. Isolation of As-resistant LAB colonies was
performed by spread plate technique using bromocresol purple
impregnated-MRS (BP-MRS) agar media provided with As @ 50
μg/ml. Isolated LAB were employed for probiotic characterization
process, acid and bile tolerance, lactic acid production, antibacterial
activity and antibiotic tolerance assays. After As-resistant and
removal characterizations, the LAB were identified using 16S rDNA
sequencing. A total of 103 isolates were identified as As-resistant
strains of LAB. The survival of 6 strains (As99-1, As100-2, As101-3,
As102-4, As105-7, and As112-9) was found after passing through the
sequential probiotic characterizations. Resistant pattern pronounced
hollow zones at As concentration >2000 μg/ml in As99-1, As100-2,
and As101-3 LAB strains, whereas it was found at ~1000 μg/ml in
rest 3 strains. Among 6 strains, the As uptake efficiency of As102-4
(0.006 μg/h/mg wet weight of cell) was higher (17 – 209%)
compared to remaining LAB. 16S rDNA sequencing data of 3 (As99-
1, As100-2, and As101-3) and 3 (As102-4, As105-7, and As112-9)
LAB strains clearly showed 97 to 99% (340 bp) homology to
Pediococcus dextrinicus and Pediococcus acidilactici, respectively.
Though, there was no correlation between the metal resistant and
removal efficiency of LAB examined but identified elevated As
removing LAB would probably be a potential As uptaking probiotic
agent. Since present experiment concerned with only As removal
from pure water, As removal and removal mechanism in natural
condition of intestinal milieu should be assessed in future studies.", keywords = "Lactic acid bacteria, As-resistant, characterization,
Pediococcus sp., As removal probiotic.", volume = "4", number = "11", pages = "858-8", }
