Influence of Reaction Temperature and Water Content on Wheat Straw Pyrolysis
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence
of reaction temperature and wheat straw moisture content on the
pyrolysis product yields, in the temperature range of 475-575 °C.
Samples of straw with moisture contents from 1.5 wt % to 15.0 wt %
were fed to a bench scale Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor (PCR). The
experimental results show that the changes in straw moisture content
have no significant effect on the distribution of pyrolysis product
yields. The maximum bio-oil yields approximately 60 (wt %, on dry
ash free feedstock basis) was observed around 525 °C - 550 °C for all
straw moisture levels. The water content in the wet straw bio-oil was
the highest. The heating value of bio-oil and solid char were
measured and the percentages of its energy distribution were
calculated. The energy distributions of bio-oil, char and gas were 56-
69 % 24-33 %, and 2-19 %, respectively.
[1] K. Sipila, E. Kuoppala, L. Fagernae`s, "Characterization of biomass-
based flash pyrolysis oils," Biomass and Bioenergy., vol. 14, pp. 103-
13, 1998.
[2] A.E. Putun, "Biomass to bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw and
stalk," Energy Sources, vol. 24, pp. 275-85, 2002.
[3] C. Acikgoz, A.M. Kockar, "Flash pyrolysis of Linseed (Linum
usitatissimum L.) For production of liquid fuels," Journal of Analytical
and Applied Pyrolysis., vol. 78, pp. 406-12, 2007.
[4] D. Mohan, U. Charles, J. Pittman, H.S. Philip, "Pyrolysis of
wood/biomass for bio-oil: Critical Review," Energy & Fuels., vol. 20,
pp. 848-89, 2006.
[5] IEA-International Energy Agency (2006),
http://www.ieabioenergy.com
[6] J.L. Gaunt, L. Lehmann, "Energy balance and emissions associated
with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production,"
Environ.Sci.Techno., vol. 42, pp. 4152-4158, 2008.
[7] J.A. Mathews, "Carbon-negative biofuels," Energy Policy, vol. 26, pp.
940-945, 2008.
[8] M.E. Sanchez, E. Lindao, D. Margaleff, O. Martinez, A. Maron,"
Pyrolysis of agricultural residues from rape and sunflowers: production
and characterization of bio-fuels and biochar soil management,"
J.Ana.Appl.Pyrolysis., vol. 85, pp. 142-144, 2009.
[9] J.L. Zheng, "Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of rice husk: yields and related
properties and improvement of the pyrolysis system,"
J.Ana.Appl.Pyrolysis., vol. 80, pp. 30-35, 2007.
[10] A.V. Bridgwater, G.V.C. Peacocke,"Fast pyrolysis process for
biomass," Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 4, pp. 1-73,
2000.
[11] N. Bech, PhD Thesis 2008: "In situ flash pyrolysis of straw," Technical
University of Denmark, Denmark.
[12] N, Bech, M.B. Larsen, P.A. Jensen, K. Dam-Johansen, "Modelling
solid-convective flash pyrolysis of straw and wood in the pyrolysis
centrifuge reactor," Biomass and Bioenergy., vol. 33, pp. 999-1011,
2009.
[13] M.J. Antal, "Effects of reactor severity on the gas-phase pyrolysis of
cellulose- and kraft lignin-derived volatile matter," Ind Eng Prod Res
Dev., vol. 22, pp. 366-375, 1983.
[14] M.J. Antal, A review of the vapor phase pyrolysis of biomass derived
volatile matter. In: Overend RP, Milne TA, Mudge LK, editors.
Fundamentals of biomass thermochemical conversion, London: Elsevier;
1985, p. 511-37.
[15] A.V. Bridgwater, "Catalysis in thermal biomass conversion," Applied
Catalysis., vol. 116, pp. 5-47, 1994.
[16] M.R. Gray, W.H. Corcoran, G.R. Gavalas, "Pyrolysis of a wood -
derived material: Effect of moisture and ash content," Ind.Eng.Chem.
Process Des.,Vol. 24, pp. 646-651.
[17] F. Shafizadeh, "Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulose materials,"
Adv.Carbohydr.Chem., vol. 23, pp. 419, 1968.
[18] R.J.M. Westerhof, N.J.M. Kuipers, S.R.A. Kersten and W.P.M. Van
Swaaij, "Controlling the water content of biomass fast pyrolysis oil,"
Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., vol. 46, pp. 9238-9247, 2007.
[19] A. Demirbas, "Effect of initial moisture content on the yields of oily
products from pyrolysis of biomass," Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis., vol. 71, pp. 803-815, 2004.
[20] N. Bech, K. Dam-Johansen and P.A. Jensen, "Pyrolysis method and
apparatus," PCT Application. WO 2006/117005, 2006.
[21] N. Bech, P.A. Jensen and K. Dam-Johansen, "Ablative flash pyrolysis
of straw and wood: Bench- scale results," Proc 15th European Biomass
Conference and Exhibition, Berlin, 7-11 May 2007.
[22] K. Raveendran, A. Ganesh, "Heating value of biomass and biomass
pyrolysis products,"Fuel., vol. 75, pp. 1715-1720, 1996.
[23] M. Balat, "Mechanism of thermochemical biomass conversion
processes. Part 1: Reactions of pyrolysis," Energy Sources., vol. 30, pp.
620-635, 2008.
[24] A.V. Bridgwater, "Biomass fast pyrolysis process for biomass,"
Thermal Science., vol. 8, pp. 21-49, 2004.
[25] D. Elliott, "Water, alkali and char in flash pyrolysis oils," Biomass and
Bioenergy., vol. 7, pp. 179-185, 1994.
[26] Y.K. Park, J.K. Jeon, S. Kim, J.S. Kim, "Bio-oil from rice straw by
pyrolysis using fluidized bed and char removal system," Prepr. Pap.-Am.
Chem. Soc., Fuel Che., vol. 49, pp. 801, 2004.
[27] F. Shafizadeh, "Introduction to pyrolysis of biomass," Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis., vol. 3, pp. 283-305, 1982.
[28] R. Zanzi, "Pyrolysis of biomass," Royal Institute of Technology, KTH,
Stockholm, Sweden. PhD Thesis, 2001.
[29] D. Radlein, "In fast pyrolysis of biomass: A Handbook, Vol.2;
Bridgwater AV, editor. Newbury, UK: CPL Press; 2002, p.165.
[30] T.R. Nuun, J.B. Howard, J.P.I. Longwell, W.A. Peters, "Product
compositions and kinetics in the rapid pyrolysis of sweet gum
hardwood," Ind.Eng.Chem. Process res. Dev., vol. 24, pp. 836-844
1985.
[31] D.S. Scott, J. Piskorz, M.A. Bergougnou, R. Graham, R.P. Overend,
"The role of temperature in the fast pyrolysis of cellulose and wood,"
Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., vol. 27, pp. 8-15, 1988.
[32] A. Oasmaa, K. Sipila, Y. Solantausta, E. Kuoppala, "Quality
improvement of pyrolysis liquid: effect of light volatiles on the stability
of pyrolysis liquids," Energy and Fuels, vol. 6, pp. 2556-2561, 2005.
[33] J.P. Diebold, "The cracking kinetics of depolymerised biomass vapors
in a continuous, tubular reactor," Colorado School of Mines: Golden,
CO. Master Thesis, 1985.
[34] J.W. Rose, J.R. Cooper. Technical data on fuel. In: 7th edn, British
National Comitte, World energy conference, London.
[1] K. Sipila, E. Kuoppala, L. Fagernae`s, "Characterization of biomass-
based flash pyrolysis oils," Biomass and Bioenergy., vol. 14, pp. 103-
13, 1998.
[2] A.E. Putun, "Biomass to bio-oil via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw and
stalk," Energy Sources, vol. 24, pp. 275-85, 2002.
[3] C. Acikgoz, A.M. Kockar, "Flash pyrolysis of Linseed (Linum
usitatissimum L.) For production of liquid fuels," Journal of Analytical
and Applied Pyrolysis., vol. 78, pp. 406-12, 2007.
[4] D. Mohan, U. Charles, J. Pittman, H.S. Philip, "Pyrolysis of
wood/biomass for bio-oil: Critical Review," Energy & Fuels., vol. 20,
pp. 848-89, 2006.
[5] IEA-International Energy Agency (2006),
http://www.ieabioenergy.com
[6] J.L. Gaunt, L. Lehmann, "Energy balance and emissions associated
with biochar sequestration and pyrolysis bioenergy production,"
Environ.Sci.Techno., vol. 42, pp. 4152-4158, 2008.
[7] J.A. Mathews, "Carbon-negative biofuels," Energy Policy, vol. 26, pp.
940-945, 2008.
[8] M.E. Sanchez, E. Lindao, D. Margaleff, O. Martinez, A. Maron,"
Pyrolysis of agricultural residues from rape and sunflowers: production
and characterization of bio-fuels and biochar soil management,"
J.Ana.Appl.Pyrolysis., vol. 85, pp. 142-144, 2009.
[9] J.L. Zheng, "Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of rice husk: yields and related
properties and improvement of the pyrolysis system,"
J.Ana.Appl.Pyrolysis., vol. 80, pp. 30-35, 2007.
[10] A.V. Bridgwater, G.V.C. Peacocke,"Fast pyrolysis process for
biomass," Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 4, pp. 1-73,
2000.
[11] N. Bech, PhD Thesis 2008: "In situ flash pyrolysis of straw," Technical
University of Denmark, Denmark.
[12] N, Bech, M.B. Larsen, P.A. Jensen, K. Dam-Johansen, "Modelling
solid-convective flash pyrolysis of straw and wood in the pyrolysis
centrifuge reactor," Biomass and Bioenergy., vol. 33, pp. 999-1011,
2009.
[13] M.J. Antal, "Effects of reactor severity on the gas-phase pyrolysis of
cellulose- and kraft lignin-derived volatile matter," Ind Eng Prod Res
Dev., vol. 22, pp. 366-375, 1983.
[14] M.J. Antal, A review of the vapor phase pyrolysis of biomass derived
volatile matter. In: Overend RP, Milne TA, Mudge LK, editors.
Fundamentals of biomass thermochemical conversion, London: Elsevier;
1985, p. 511-37.
[15] A.V. Bridgwater, "Catalysis in thermal biomass conversion," Applied
Catalysis., vol. 116, pp. 5-47, 1994.
[16] M.R. Gray, W.H. Corcoran, G.R. Gavalas, "Pyrolysis of a wood -
derived material: Effect of moisture and ash content," Ind.Eng.Chem.
Process Des.,Vol. 24, pp. 646-651.
[17] F. Shafizadeh, "Pyrolysis and combustion of cellulose materials,"
Adv.Carbohydr.Chem., vol. 23, pp. 419, 1968.
[18] R.J.M. Westerhof, N.J.M. Kuipers, S.R.A. Kersten and W.P.M. Van
Swaaij, "Controlling the water content of biomass fast pyrolysis oil,"
Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., vol. 46, pp. 9238-9247, 2007.
[19] A. Demirbas, "Effect of initial moisture content on the yields of oily
products from pyrolysis of biomass," Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis., vol. 71, pp. 803-815, 2004.
[20] N. Bech, K. Dam-Johansen and P.A. Jensen, "Pyrolysis method and
apparatus," PCT Application. WO 2006/117005, 2006.
[21] N. Bech, P.A. Jensen and K. Dam-Johansen, "Ablative flash pyrolysis
of straw and wood: Bench- scale results," Proc 15th European Biomass
Conference and Exhibition, Berlin, 7-11 May 2007.
[22] K. Raveendran, A. Ganesh, "Heating value of biomass and biomass
pyrolysis products,"Fuel., vol. 75, pp. 1715-1720, 1996.
[23] M. Balat, "Mechanism of thermochemical biomass conversion
processes. Part 1: Reactions of pyrolysis," Energy Sources., vol. 30, pp.
620-635, 2008.
[24] A.V. Bridgwater, "Biomass fast pyrolysis process for biomass,"
Thermal Science., vol. 8, pp. 21-49, 2004.
[25] D. Elliott, "Water, alkali and char in flash pyrolysis oils," Biomass and
Bioenergy., vol. 7, pp. 179-185, 1994.
[26] Y.K. Park, J.K. Jeon, S. Kim, J.S. Kim, "Bio-oil from rice straw by
pyrolysis using fluidized bed and char removal system," Prepr. Pap.-Am.
Chem. Soc., Fuel Che., vol. 49, pp. 801, 2004.
[27] F. Shafizadeh, "Introduction to pyrolysis of biomass," Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis., vol. 3, pp. 283-305, 1982.
[28] R. Zanzi, "Pyrolysis of biomass," Royal Institute of Technology, KTH,
Stockholm, Sweden. PhD Thesis, 2001.
[29] D. Radlein, "In fast pyrolysis of biomass: A Handbook, Vol.2;
Bridgwater AV, editor. Newbury, UK: CPL Press; 2002, p.165.
[30] T.R. Nuun, J.B. Howard, J.P.I. Longwell, W.A. Peters, "Product
compositions and kinetics in the rapid pyrolysis of sweet gum
hardwood," Ind.Eng.Chem. Process res. Dev., vol. 24, pp. 836-844
1985.
[31] D.S. Scott, J. Piskorz, M.A. Bergougnou, R. Graham, R.P. Overend,
"The role of temperature in the fast pyrolysis of cellulose and wood,"
Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., vol. 27, pp. 8-15, 1988.
[32] A. Oasmaa, K. Sipila, Y. Solantausta, E. Kuoppala, "Quality
improvement of pyrolysis liquid: effect of light volatiles on the stability
of pyrolysis liquids," Energy and Fuels, vol. 6, pp. 2556-2561, 2005.
[33] J.P. Diebold, "The cracking kinetics of depolymerised biomass vapors
in a continuous, tubular reactor," Colorado School of Mines: Golden,
CO. Master Thesis, 1985.
[34] J.W. Rose, J.R. Cooper. Technical data on fuel. In: 7th edn, British
National Comitte, World energy conference, London.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:63342", author = "N.Ibrahim and Peter A. Jensen and K. Dam-Johansen and Roshafima.R. Ali and Rafiziana.M. Kasmani", title = "Influence of Reaction Temperature and Water Content on Wheat Straw Pyrolysis", abstract = "The aim of this study was to investigate the influence
of reaction temperature and wheat straw moisture content on the
pyrolysis product yields, in the temperature range of 475-575 °C.
Samples of straw with moisture contents from 1.5 wt % to 15.0 wt %
were fed to a bench scale Pyrolysis Centrifuge Reactor (PCR). The
experimental results show that the changes in straw moisture content
have no significant effect on the distribution of pyrolysis product
yields. The maximum bio-oil yields approximately 60 (wt %, on dry
ash free feedstock basis) was observed around 525 °C - 550 °C for all
straw moisture levels. The water content in the wet straw bio-oil was
the highest. The heating value of bio-oil and solid char were
measured and the percentages of its energy distribution were
calculated. The energy distributions of bio-oil, char and gas were 56-
69 % 24-33 %, and 2-19 %, respectively.", keywords = "Flash pyrolysis, moisture content, wheat straw, biooil.", volume = "6", number = "10", pages = "970-7", }
