Influence of Outer Corner Radius in Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is currently
being widely investigated because of its potential to produce ultrafine
grained microstructures in metals and alloys. A sound
knowledge of the plastic deformation and strain distribution is
necessary for understanding the relationships between strain
inhomogeneity and die geometry. Considerable research has been
reported on finite element analysis of this process, assuming threedimensional
plane strain condition. However, the two-dimensional
models are not suitable due to the geometry of the dies, especially in
cylindrical ones. In the present work, three-dimensional simulation of
ECAP process was carried out for six outer corner radii (sharp to 10
mm in steps of 2 mm), with channel angle 105¶Çü▒, for strain hardening
aluminium alloy (AA 6101) using ABAQUS/Standard software.
Strain inhomogeneity is presented and discussed for all cases. Pattern
of strain variation along selected radial lines in the body of the workpiece
is presented. It is found from the results that the outer corner
has a significant influence on the strain distribution in the body of
work-piece. Based on inhomogeneity and average strain criteria,
there is an optimum outer corner radius.
[1] V. M. Segal, "Material Processing by simple shear", Mater. Sci. Eng. A
197 (1995) 157-164.
[2] V. M. Segal, "Equal channel angular extrusion: from macromechanics to
structure formation", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 271 (1999) 322-333.
[3] Y. Iwahashi, J. Wang, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon, "Principles
of equal channel angular pressing of ultra-fine grained materials",
Scripta Mater. 35 (2) (1996) 143.
[4] Yi-Lang, Shyong Lee, "Finite element analysis of strain conditions after
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Tech. 140 (2003) 583-587.
[5] S. Li, M. A. M. Bourke, I. J. Beyerlein, D. J. Alexander, B. Clausen,
"Finite element analysis of the plastic deformation zone and working
load in equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Eng. A 382 (2004)
217-236.
[6] Hl-Heon Son, Jeong-Ho Lee, Yong-Taek Im, "Finite element
investigation of equal channel angular extrusion with back pressure", J.
Mater. Process. Technol. 171 (2006) 480-487.
[7] C. J. Luis-Perez, R. Luri-Irigoyen, D. Gaston-Ochao, "Finite element
modeling of an Al-Mn alloy by equal channel angular extrusion", J.
Mater. Process. Tech. 153-154 (2004) 846-852.
[8] Raghavan Srinivasan, "Computer simulation of the equal channel
angular extrusion (ECAE) process", Scripta Mater. 44 (2001) 91-96.
[9] H. S. Kim, "Finite element analysis of equal channel angular pressing
using a round corner die", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 315 (2001) 122-128.
[10] A. V. Nagasekhar and Yip Tick-Hon, "Optimal tool angles for equal
channel angular extrusion of strain hardening materials by finite element
analysis", Comp. Mater. Sci. 30(3-4) (2004) 489-495
[11] H. S. Kim, M. H. Seo and S. I. Hong, "Finite element analysis of equal
channel angular pressing of strain rate sensitive metals", J. Mater.
Process. Tech. 130-131 (2002) 497-503
[12] A. V. Nagasekhar, Y. Tick-Hon, S. Li and H. P. Seow, "Effect of acute
tool-angles on equal channel angular extrusion/pressing", Mater. Sci.
Eng. A 410-411 (2005) 269-272.
[13] Fuqian Yang, Aditi Saran, K. Okazaki, "Finite element simulation of
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 166 (2005)
71-78.
[14] S. C. Yoon, P. Quang, S. I. Hong, H. S. Kim, "Die design for
homogeneous plastic deformation during equal channel angular
pressing", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 187-188 (2007) 46-50
[15] C. W. Su, L. Lu and M. O. Lai, "3D finite element analysis on strain
uniformity during ECAP process", Mater. Sci. Tech. 23-6 (2007) 27-
735.
[16] Hong Jiang, Zhiguo Fan, Chaoying Xie, "3D finite element simulation
of deformation behavior of CP-Ti and working load during multi-pass
equal channel angular extrusion", Mater. Sci. Eng. A (2007).
[17] Tao Suo, Yulong Li, Qiong Deng, "Yuanyong Liu, Optimal pressing
route for continued equal channel angular pressing by finite element
analysis", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 466 (2007) 166-171.
[18] J. K. Kim, W. J. Kim, "Analysis of deformation behavior in 3D during
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 176 (2006)
260-267.
[19] ABAQUS User-s Manual, Version 6.5.1, Hibbitt, Karisson & Sorensen
2006.
[20] C. Xu, K. Xia and T. G. Langdon, "The role of back pressure in the
processing of pure aluminum by equal-channel angular pressing", Acta
Mater., 55 (2007) 2351-2360
[21] D. Nagarajan, "Processing of an aluminium alloy by ECAE prior to cold
extrusion", M.S. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India,
2005, 47.
[22] Patil Basavaraj V. Uday Chakkingal, T.S. Prasanna Kumar, "Study of
channel angle influence on material flow and strain inhomogeneity in
equal channel angular pressing using 3D finite element simulation", Jl.
of Mater. Process. Tech. 209 (2009) 89-95.
[1] V. M. Segal, "Material Processing by simple shear", Mater. Sci. Eng. A
197 (1995) 157-164.
[2] V. M. Segal, "Equal channel angular extrusion: from macromechanics to
structure formation", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 271 (1999) 322-333.
[3] Y. Iwahashi, J. Wang, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, T. G. Langdon, "Principles
of equal channel angular pressing of ultra-fine grained materials",
Scripta Mater. 35 (2) (1996) 143.
[4] Yi-Lang, Shyong Lee, "Finite element analysis of strain conditions after
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Tech. 140 (2003) 583-587.
[5] S. Li, M. A. M. Bourke, I. J. Beyerlein, D. J. Alexander, B. Clausen,
"Finite element analysis of the plastic deformation zone and working
load in equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Eng. A 382 (2004)
217-236.
[6] Hl-Heon Son, Jeong-Ho Lee, Yong-Taek Im, "Finite element
investigation of equal channel angular extrusion with back pressure", J.
Mater. Process. Technol. 171 (2006) 480-487.
[7] C. J. Luis-Perez, R. Luri-Irigoyen, D. Gaston-Ochao, "Finite element
modeling of an Al-Mn alloy by equal channel angular extrusion", J.
Mater. Process. Tech. 153-154 (2004) 846-852.
[8] Raghavan Srinivasan, "Computer simulation of the equal channel
angular extrusion (ECAE) process", Scripta Mater. 44 (2001) 91-96.
[9] H. S. Kim, "Finite element analysis of equal channel angular pressing
using a round corner die", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 315 (2001) 122-128.
[10] A. V. Nagasekhar and Yip Tick-Hon, "Optimal tool angles for equal
channel angular extrusion of strain hardening materials by finite element
analysis", Comp. Mater. Sci. 30(3-4) (2004) 489-495
[11] H. S. Kim, M. H. Seo and S. I. Hong, "Finite element analysis of equal
channel angular pressing of strain rate sensitive metals", J. Mater.
Process. Tech. 130-131 (2002) 497-503
[12] A. V. Nagasekhar, Y. Tick-Hon, S. Li and H. P. Seow, "Effect of acute
tool-angles on equal channel angular extrusion/pressing", Mater. Sci.
Eng. A 410-411 (2005) 269-272.
[13] Fuqian Yang, Aditi Saran, K. Okazaki, "Finite element simulation of
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 166 (2005)
71-78.
[14] S. C. Yoon, P. Quang, S. I. Hong, H. S. Kim, "Die design for
homogeneous plastic deformation during equal channel angular
pressing", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 187-188 (2007) 46-50
[15] C. W. Su, L. Lu and M. O. Lai, "3D finite element analysis on strain
uniformity during ECAP process", Mater. Sci. Tech. 23-6 (2007) 27-
735.
[16] Hong Jiang, Zhiguo Fan, Chaoying Xie, "3D finite element simulation
of deformation behavior of CP-Ti and working load during multi-pass
equal channel angular extrusion", Mater. Sci. Eng. A (2007).
[17] Tao Suo, Yulong Li, Qiong Deng, "Yuanyong Liu, Optimal pressing
route for continued equal channel angular pressing by finite element
analysis", Mater. Sci. Eng. A 466 (2007) 166-171.
[18] J. K. Kim, W. J. Kim, "Analysis of deformation behavior in 3D during
equal channel angular extrusion", J. Mater. Process. Tech. 176 (2006)
260-267.
[19] ABAQUS User-s Manual, Version 6.5.1, Hibbitt, Karisson & Sorensen
2006.
[20] C. Xu, K. Xia and T. G. Langdon, "The role of back pressure in the
processing of pure aluminum by equal-channel angular pressing", Acta
Mater., 55 (2007) 2351-2360
[21] D. Nagarajan, "Processing of an aluminium alloy by ECAE prior to cold
extrusion", M.S. Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India,
2005, 47.
[22] Patil Basavaraj V. Uday Chakkingal, T.S. Prasanna Kumar, "Study of
channel angle influence on material flow and strain inhomogeneity in
equal channel angular pressing using 3D finite element simulation", Jl.
of Mater. Process. Tech. 209 (2009) 89-95.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:59392", author = "Basavaraj V. Patil and Uday Chakkingal and T. S. Prasanna Kumar", title = "Influence of Outer Corner Radius in Equal Channel Angular Pressing", abstract = "Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) is currently
being widely investigated because of its potential to produce ultrafine
grained microstructures in metals and alloys. A sound
knowledge of the plastic deformation and strain distribution is
necessary for understanding the relationships between strain
inhomogeneity and die geometry. Considerable research has been
reported on finite element analysis of this process, assuming threedimensional
plane strain condition. However, the two-dimensional
models are not suitable due to the geometry of the dies, especially in
cylindrical ones. In the present work, three-dimensional simulation of
ECAP process was carried out for six outer corner radii (sharp to 10
mm in steps of 2 mm), with channel angle 105¶Çü▒, for strain hardening
aluminium alloy (AA 6101) using ABAQUS/Standard software.
Strain inhomogeneity is presented and discussed for all cases. Pattern
of strain variation along selected radial lines in the body of the workpiece
is presented. It is found from the results that the outer corner
has a significant influence on the strain distribution in the body of
work-piece. Based on inhomogeneity and average strain criteria,
there is an optimum outer corner radius.", keywords = "Equal Channel Angular Pressing, Finite Element Analysis, strain inhomogeneity, plastic equivalent strain, ultra fine grain size, aluminium alloy 6101.", volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "223-7", }
