Indoor and Outdoor Concentration of Particulate Matter at Domestic Homes

Particulate matter (PM) in ambient air is responsible for adverse health effects in adults and children. Relatively little is known about the concentrations, sources and health effects of PM in indoor air. A monitoring study was conducted in Ankara by three campaigns in order to measure PM levels in indoor and outdoor environments to identify and quantify associations between sources and concentrations. Approximately 82 homes (1st campaign for 42, 2nd campaign for 12, and 3rd campaign for 28), three rooms (living room, baby-s room and living room used as a baby-s room) and outdoor ambient at each home were sampled with Grimm Environmental Dust Monitoring (EDM) 107, during different seasonal periods of 2011 and 2012. In this study, the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM levels for particulate matter less than 10 micrometer (.m) (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5.m (PM2.5) and particulate matter less than 1.0.m (PM1) were investigated. The mean concentration of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 at living room used as baby-s room is higher than living and baby-s room (or bedroom) for three sampling campaigns. It is concluded that the household activities and environmental conditions are very important for PM concentrations in the indoor environments during the sampling periods. The amount of smokers, being near a main street and/or construction activities increased the PM concentration. This study is based on the assessment the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM levels and the household activities and environmental conditions

Authors:

• B. Karakas
• S. Lakestani
• C. Guler
• B. Guciz Dogan
• S. Acar Vaizoglu
• A. Taner
• B. Sekerel
• R. Tıpırdamaz
• G. Gullu

Keywords:

• Indoor air quality
• particulate matter (PM)
• PM10
• PM2.5
• PM1.0.

References:

[1] The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Indoor Air Quality Management Group, A Guide on Indoor Air Quality
Certification Scheme for Offices and Public Places, 2003
[2] Ackermann-Liebrich, U, Leuenberger, P, Schwartz, J, Schindler, C,
Monn, C & SAPALDIA, T 1997, 'Lung function and long term exposure
to air pollutants in Switzerland', Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol 155,
pp. 122-129.
[3] Braun, C, Ackermann, U, Schwartz, J, Gnehm, H, Rutishauser, M &
Wanner, H 1992, 'Air pollution and respiratory symptoms in preschool
children', Am Rev Respir, vol 145, pp. 42-47.
[4] Chao, YH, Tung, CW & Burnett, J 1998, 'Influence of different indoor
activities on the indoor particulate levels in residential buildings', Indoor
Built Environment, vol 7, pp. 110-121.
[5] Dockery, D, Pope, C, Xu, X & et, A 1993, 'An association between air
pollution and mortality in six US cities', N Engl J Med, vol 329, pp.
1753-1759.
[6] IEH, UMIFEAH 2000, 'IEH Airborne particles: exposure in the home
and health effects'.
[7] Jones, NC, Thornton, CA, Mark, D & Harrison, RM 2000,
'Indoor/outdoor relationships of particulate matter domestic homes with
roadside, urban and rural locations', Atmospheric Environment, vol 34,
p. 2603-2612.
[8] Kamens, R, Lee, CT, Weiner, R & Leith, D 1991, 'A study to
characterize indoor particulates in three non-smoking homes',
Atmospheric Environment, vol 25, pp. 939-948.
[9] Kim, Y & Stock, T 1986, 'House-specific characterisation of indoor and
outdoor aerosols', Environ Int, vol 12, pp. 75-92.
[10] Li, C-S 1994, 'Relationships of indoor/outdoor inhalable and respirable
particles in domestic environments', Sci Total Environ, vol 151, pp. 205-
211.
[11] Lioy, P, Waldman, J, Buckley, T, Butler, J & Pietarinen, C 1990, 'The
personal indoor and outdoor concentration of PM-10 measured in an
industrial community during winter', Atmos Environ, vol 24B, pp. 57-66.
[12] Monn, C & Schaeppi, G 1993, 'Concentration of total suspended
particles and fine particles and their anionic compounds in ambient air
and in indoor air', Environ Technol, vol 14, pp. 869-875.
[13] Pope, A & Dockery, D 1992, 'Acute health effects of PM10 pollution on
symptomatic and asymptomatic children', Am Rev Respir Dis , vol 145,
pp. 1123-1128.
[14] Quackenboss, J, Lebowitz, M & Crutchfield, C 1989, 'Indoor-outdoor
relationship for particulate matter: exposure classification and health
effects', Environ Int, vol 15, pp. 213-219.
[15] Raunemmaa, T, Kulmala, M, Saari, H, Olin, M & Kulmala, M 1989,
'Indoor air aerosol model: transport indoor and deposition of fine
particles', Aerosol Sci Technol, vol 11, pp. 11-25.
[16] Schwartz, J 1993, 'Particulate air pollution and chronic respiratory
disease', Environ Res, vol 62, pp. 7-13.
[17] Seaton, A, MacNee, W, Donaldson, K & Godden, D 1995, 'Particulate
air pollution and acute health effects', Lancet, vol 345, pp. 176-178.
[18] Sexton, K, Spengler, J & Treitman, R 1984, 'Personal exposure for
respirable particles: a case study in Water bury', Vermont Atmos
Environ, vol 218, pp. 1385-1398.
[19] Spengler, JD, Dockery, DW, Turner, WA, Wolfson, JM & Ferris, BG
1981, 'Long-term measurements of respirable sulphates and particles
inside and outside homes', Atmospheric Environment, vol 15, pp. 23-30.
[20] U.S Environmental Protection Agency, National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for Particulate Matter for the year of 2012
[21] Wallace, LA 1996, 'Indoor particles: a review', Journal of Air and Waste
Management Association, vol 46, p. 98-126.
[22] Yocom, J 1982, 'Indoor-outdoor air quality relationships', A critical
review. J Air Poll Control Assoc (JAPCA), vol 32, pp. 500-520.
[23] Yu-Hsiang Cheng, Yi-Lun Lin 2010, "Measurement of Particle Mass
Concentrations and Size Distributions in an Underground Station",
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, vol 10: p: 22-29.