Improvement in Power Transformer Intelligent Dissolved Gas Analysis Method

Non-Destructive evaluation of in-service power transformer condition is necessary for avoiding catastrophic failures. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) is one of the important methods. Traditional, statistical and intelligent DGA approaches have been adopted for accurate classification of incipient fault sources. Unfortunately, there are not often enough faulty patterns required for sufficient training of intelligent systems. By bootstrapping the shortcoming is expected to be alleviated and algorithms with better classification success rates to be obtained. In this paper the performance of an artificial neural network, K-Nearest Neighbour and support vector machine methods using bootstrapped data are detailed and shown that while the success rate of the ANN algorithms improves remarkably, the outcome of the others do not benefit so much from the provided enlarged data space. For assessment, two databases are employed: IEC TC10 and a dataset collected from reported data in papers. High average test success rate well exhibits the remarkable outcome.




References:
[1] T.K. Saha, "Review of modern diagnostic techniques for assessing
insulation condition in aged transformers," IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr.
Insul., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 903-917, Oct. 2003.
[2] V.G. Arakelian, "The longway to the automatic chromatographic
analysis of gases dissolved in insulating oil," IEEE Elect. Insul. Mag.,
vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 8-25, Nov./Dec. 2004.
[3] "IEEE Guide for the Detection and Determination of Generated Gases in
Oil-Immersed Transformers and their Relation to the Serviceability
Equipment," ANSI/IEEE C57.104-1978.
[4] R.R. Roger, "IEEE and IEC Codes to Interpret Incipient Faults in
Transformers Using Gas in Oil Analysis," IEEE Transactions on
Electrical Insulation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 348-354, 1978.
[5] M. Duval, "Dissolved gas analysis: It can save your transformer," IEEE
Electrical Insulation Magazine, vol. 5, no .6, pp. 22-27, 1989.
[6] T. O. Rose, "Mineral Insulating Oil in Transformers," IEEE Electrical
Insulation Magazine, vol. 14, No. 3, May/June, pp. 6-28, 1998.
[7] X. Hao and S. Cai-xin, "Artificial Immune Network Classification
Algorithm for Fault Diagnosis of Power Transformer," IEEE TRANS.
ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 22, no. 2, APRIL 2007, pp. 930-935.
[8] Z. Wang, Y. Liu, and P. J. Griffin, "A combined ANN and expert
system tool for transformer fault diagnosis," IEEE Trans. Power Del.,
vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1224-1229, Oct. 1998.
[9] A. Akbari, A. Setayeshmehr, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach, "Intelligent
Agent-Based System Using Dissolved Gas Analysis to Detect Incipient
Faults in Power Transformers," IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,
Vol. 26, No. 6, pp.27-40, November/December, 2010.
[10] K.F. Thang, R.K. Aggarwal, A. J. McGrail, and D. G. Esp, "Analysis of
power transformer dissolved gas data using the self-organizing map,"
IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1241-1248, Oct. 2003.
[11] N.K. Patel and R.K. Khubchandani, "ANN Based Power Transformer
Fault Diagnosis," IE (I) Journal. EL, vol 85, pp. 60-63, June 2004.
[12] D.V.S.S. Siva Sarma and G.N.S. Kalyani, "Application of AI
Techniques for Nondestructive Evaluation pf Power Transformers Using
DGA," IJIESP, Vol. 2, no. 1, 2007.
[13] M.H. Wang, "Extension Neural Network for power transformer
incipient fault diagnosis," IEE Proceedeings, Generation,
Transmission, Distribution, vol.150, No.6, Nov 2003.
[14] A. Shintemirov, W. Tang, and Q. H. Wu, "Power Transformer Fault
Classification Based on Dissolved Gas Analysis by Implementing
Bootstrap and Genetic Programming," IEEE Trans. On System, Man,
and Cybernetics-Part C: APPLICATIONS AND REVIEWS, vol. 39, no.
1, pp. 69-79, Jan 2009.
[15] W. Chen, C. Pan, Y. Yun, and Y. Liu, "Wavelet Networks in Power
Transformers Diagnosis Using Dissolved Gas Analysis," IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, no, pp. 187-194 , Jan. 2009.
[16] H.T. Yang, C.C. Liao, and J.H. Chou, "Fuzzy learning vector
quantization networks for power transformer condition assessment,"
IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 143-149, Feb.
2001.
[17] S. Haykin, Neural Networks: A Comprehensive Foundation (2nd
Edition). Prentice Hall, 1998.
[18] M. Dong, D.K. Xu, M.H. Li, et al. "Fault Diagnosis Model for Power
Transformer Based on Statistical Learning Theory and Dissolved Gas
Analysis," in proc. IEEE International Symposium on Electrical
Insulation, USA, 2004, pp.85-88.
[19] C.W. Hsu, C.J. Lin, "A Comparison of Methods for Multiclass Support
Vector Machines," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol 13, no
2, 2002 .
[20] S.F. Yuan and F.L. Chu, "Support vector machines based fault diagnosis
for turbo-pump rotor," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol
20, no 4, pp. 939-952, 2006.
[21] R. Wehrens, H. Putter, and L.M.C. Buydens, "The bootstrap: a
tutorial," Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, vol 54, pp.
35-52, 2000.