Impacts of Biofuels on Air Quality: Northern Portugal Case Study
The increased use of biodiesel implies variations on both greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions. Some studies point out that the use of biodiesel blends on diesel can help in controlling air pollution and promote a reduction of CO2 emissions. Reductions on PM, SO2, VOC and CO emissions are also expected, however NOx emissions may increase, which may potentiate O3 formation. This work aims to assess the impact of the biodiesel use on air quality, through a numerical modeling study, taking the Northern region of Portugal as a case study. The emission scenarios are focused on 2008 (baseline year) and 2020 (target year of Renewable Energy Directive-RED) and on three biodiesel blends (B0, B10 and B20). In a general way the use of biodiesel by 2020 will reduce the CO2 and air pollutants emissions in the Northern Portugal, improving air quality. However it will be in a very small extension.
[1] Escobar, J.C., Lora, E.S., Venturini, O.J., Yanez, E.E., Castillo, E.F., Almazan, O. (2009). Biofuels: environment, technology and food security, Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 (2009), pp. 1275-1287.
[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). Climate Change
2007 - The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
[3] Nigam, P.S., Singh, A. (2010). Production of liquid biofuels from
renewable resources. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.
37, 2011, pp.52-68.
[4] Taylor, G. (2008). Bioenergy for heat and electricity in the UK: A
research atlas and roadmap. Energy Policy 36 (2008) 4383-4389.
[5] Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. (2008). Effect of
biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science 34 (2008) 198-223.
[6] J. Xue, T.E. Grift, A.C. Hansena, "Effect of biodiesel on engine
performances and emissions", Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, vol. 15, Feb. 2011, pp. 1098-1116.
[7] Krahl, J., Baum, K., Hackbarth, U., Jeberien, H.-E., Munack, A., Schutt,
C., Schroder, O., Walter, N., Bunger, J., Muller, M.M., Weigel, A.
(2001). Gaseous compounds, ozone precursors, particle number and
particle size distributions, and mutagenic effects due to biodiesel,
Transactions of the American Society of Automotive Engineers 44
(2001), pp. 179-191
[8] Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A. (2009). The impacts of combustion
emissions on air quality and climate - From coal to biofuels and beyond.
Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 23-36.
[9] L. Serrano, V. Carreira, R. Câmara, M. Gameiro da Silva, "On-road
performance comparison between two cars consuming petrodiesel and
biodiesel", in 4th International Congress on Energy and Environment
Engineering and Management, Mérida - Spain, 2011, pp. 6.
[10] R.L. McCormick, et al., "Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle
Emissions", Milestone Repost, NRLE/MP-540-4055, 2006.
[11] C. Borrego, A.I. Miranda, J. Ferreira, O.Tchepel, A. Monteiro, D. Dias,
I. Ribeiro, R. Tavares, P. Barbedo, "Melhoria do actual inventário de
emiss├Áes de poluentes atmosféricos da regi├úo norte ; 2008", Final report,
AMB - QA - 09/2009, Sep.2009.
[12] Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (2010). Portuguese national inventory
report on greenhouse gases, 1990-2008. Submitted under the united
nations framework convention on climate change and the Kyoto
Protocol. Amadora, Portugal.
[13] Associação Automóvel de Portugal, "Estatísticas do sector automóvel",
Lisboa, 2010.
[14] O. Tchepel, "Emission modelling as a decision support tool for air
quality management", Environment and Planning. University of Aveiro.
PhD in Environmental Sciences. 213pp, 2003.
[15] Meteorological Institute of Portugal, "Boletim climatol├│gico anual ;
2008". Lisboa, 2009. (Online available at: http://www.meteo.pt/).
[16] ASTM 7467-10, "Specifications for biodiesel Blends B5-B20", National
Biofuel Board - USA.
[17] Decreto-Lei nº 89/2008, Ministry of Economy and Innovation, 30th May
2008.
[18] European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European
Environmental Agency. "EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory
guidebook ÔÇö 2009", Technical report No 9/2009.
[19] P. J. Hurley, W.L. Physick, A.K. Luhar, "TAPM: a practical approach to
prognostic meteorological and air pollution modelling", Environmental
Modelling & Software, vol. 20, 2005, pp.737-752.
[20] (URL 1) - http://www.ebb-eu.org/
[21] (URL 2) - http://www.ethanolrfa.org
[22] (URL 3) - http://www.appb.pt/
[1] Escobar, J.C., Lora, E.S., Venturini, O.J., Yanez, E.E., Castillo, E.F., Almazan, O. (2009). Biofuels: environment, technology and food security, Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 (2009), pp. 1275-1287.
[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). Climate Change
2007 - The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to
the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
[3] Nigam, P.S., Singh, A. (2010). Production of liquid biofuels from
renewable resources. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol.
37, 2011, pp.52-68.
[4] Taylor, G. (2008). Bioenergy for heat and electricity in the UK: A
research atlas and roadmap. Energy Policy 36 (2008) 4383-4389.
[5] Lapuerta, M., Armas, O., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. (2008). Effect of
biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Progress in Energy and
Combustion Science 34 (2008) 198-223.
[6] J. Xue, T.E. Grift, A.C. Hansena, "Effect of biodiesel on engine
performances and emissions", Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, vol. 15, Feb. 2011, pp. 1098-1116.
[7] Krahl, J., Baum, K., Hackbarth, U., Jeberien, H.-E., Munack, A., Schutt,
C., Schroder, O., Walter, N., Bunger, J., Muller, M.M., Weigel, A.
(2001). Gaseous compounds, ozone precursors, particle number and
particle size distributions, and mutagenic effects due to biodiesel,
Transactions of the American Society of Automotive Engineers 44
(2001), pp. 179-191
[8] Gaffney, J. S., Marley, N. A. (2009). The impacts of combustion
emissions on air quality and climate - From coal to biofuels and beyond.
Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 23-36.
[9] L. Serrano, V. Carreira, R. Câmara, M. Gameiro da Silva, "On-road
performance comparison between two cars consuming petrodiesel and
biodiesel", in 4th International Congress on Energy and Environment
Engineering and Management, Mérida - Spain, 2011, pp. 6.
[10] R.L. McCormick, et al., "Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle
Emissions", Milestone Repost, NRLE/MP-540-4055, 2006.
[11] C. Borrego, A.I. Miranda, J. Ferreira, O.Tchepel, A. Monteiro, D. Dias,
I. Ribeiro, R. Tavares, P. Barbedo, "Melhoria do actual inventário de
emiss├Áes de poluentes atmosféricos da regi├úo norte ; 2008", Final report,
AMB - QA - 09/2009, Sep.2009.
[12] Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (2010). Portuguese national inventory
report on greenhouse gases, 1990-2008. Submitted under the united
nations framework convention on climate change and the Kyoto
Protocol. Amadora, Portugal.
[13] Associação Automóvel de Portugal, "Estatísticas do sector automóvel",
Lisboa, 2010.
[14] O. Tchepel, "Emission modelling as a decision support tool for air
quality management", Environment and Planning. University of Aveiro.
PhD in Environmental Sciences. 213pp, 2003.
[15] Meteorological Institute of Portugal, "Boletim climatol├│gico anual ;
2008". Lisboa, 2009. (Online available at: http://www.meteo.pt/).
[16] ASTM 7467-10, "Specifications for biodiesel Blends B5-B20", National
Biofuel Board - USA.
[17] Decreto-Lei nº 89/2008, Ministry of Economy and Innovation, 30th May
2008.
[18] European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European
Environmental Agency. "EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory
guidebook ÔÇö 2009", Technical report No 9/2009.
[19] P. J. Hurley, W.L. Physick, A.K. Luhar, "TAPM: a practical approach to
prognostic meteorological and air pollution modelling", Environmental
Modelling & Software, vol. 20, 2005, pp.737-752.
[20] (URL 1) - http://www.ebb-eu.org/
[21] (URL 2) - http://www.ethanolrfa.org
[22] (URL 3) - http://www.appb.pt/
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:54931", author = "Ribeiro I. and Tavares A.M. and Sá E. and Lopes M.", title = "Impacts of Biofuels on Air Quality: Northern Portugal Case Study", abstract = "The increased use of biodiesel implies variations on both greenhouse gases and air pollutant emissions. Some studies point out that the use of biodiesel blends on diesel can help in controlling air pollution and promote a reduction of CO2 emissions. Reductions on PM, SO2, VOC and CO emissions are also expected, however NOx emissions may increase, which may potentiate O3 formation. This work aims to assess the impact of the biodiesel use on air quality, through a numerical modeling study, taking the Northern region of Portugal as a case study. The emission scenarios are focused on 2008 (baseline year) and 2020 (target year of Renewable Energy Directive-RED) and on three biodiesel blends (B0, B10 and B20). In a general way the use of biodiesel by 2020 will reduce the CO2 and air pollutants emissions in the Northern Portugal, improving air quality. However it will be in a very small extension.
", keywords = "air quality, biodiesel, emission scenarios, RED.", volume = "5", number = "11", pages = "677-6", }
