Impact of Social Environment on Economic Development in the Baltic States
The Baltic States regained independence and started
the pathway from command economy to market economy and
entered European Union at the same time. Latter internationally
recognized evaluations for the countries are diverse. The present
diversity of the Baltic States -Economic Development is a subject of
interest because of the similarities – all three are small, open
economies, countries have similar geographic location and initially
likewise historical and political backgrounds. This article explains
relationship between social environment, business environment and
economic growth. It argues that the elements of social environment
underlie more successful economic development. It researches the
causes, why Estonia has performed better in economic outcomes and
development. The article analyses selection of socio-economic
indicators of all three Baltic States – Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
for the time period of ten years to include the influence of economic
cycles.
[1] M.P.Todaro, S. C.Smith, Economic Development. 10th ed.Harlow, UK:
Pearson Education Limited, 2009, ch.1-2.
[2] A.Sen, Development as Freedom.New York: Knopf, 1999, ch.1.
[3] W. E. Nafziger, Economic Development. 4thed. New York, USA:
Cambridge University Press, 2006, ch 3.
[4] Human Development Report Office data,
http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/, viewed November 2011.
[5] World Economic Forum,"The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-
2012: Country Profile Highlights", 2001, p.4,
http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness, viewed
November 2011.
[6] Transparency International, ÔÇ×The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index
report",
http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi,
viewed November 2011.
[7] R.Raudla, R.Kattel,"Why Did Estonia Choose Fiscal Retrenchment after
the 2008 Crisis?, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p.182.
[8] F.Ülengin, Ö.Kabak, S.Önsel, E.Aktas, B.R. Parker, "The
competitiveness of nations and implications for human development",
2010, Elsevier, vol.45, p.16-27.
[9] K. Aswathappa, Essentials of Business Environment. Mumbai, IND:
Global Media, 2009, ch 1.
[10] F. Cherunilam, Business environment. Mumbai, IND: Global Media,
2009, ch 1.
[11] B. M. Richman, M. Copen, International Management and Economic
Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1972, ch 1.
[12] W. F. Glueck, L. R. Jauch, Business Policy and Strategic Management.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1972, ch 1.
[13] L. L. Steem. "Consumer Protection via Self - Regulation", Journal of
Marketing, July, 1971.
[14] C. Pelau, A. D. Vladoi, and M. Fufezen, "Indicators used for the
performance measurement of sustainable development," Annals of the
University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, Vol.18, Issue 4, 2009,
p.421-425.
[15] Eurostat,www.eurostat.eu, viewed October 2011.
[1] M.P.Todaro, S. C.Smith, Economic Development. 10th ed.Harlow, UK:
Pearson Education Limited, 2009, ch.1-2.
[2] A.Sen, Development as Freedom.New York: Knopf, 1999, ch.1.
[3] W. E. Nafziger, Economic Development. 4thed. New York, USA:
Cambridge University Press, 2006, ch 3.
[4] Human Development Report Office data,
http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/, viewed November 2011.
[5] World Economic Forum,"The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-
2012: Country Profile Highlights", 2001, p.4,
http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness, viewed
November 2011.
[6] Transparency International, ÔÇ×The 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index
report",
http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi,
viewed November 2011.
[7] R.Raudla, R.Kattel,"Why Did Estonia Choose Fiscal Retrenchment after
the 2008 Crisis?, Cambridge University Press, 2011, p.182.
[8] F.Ülengin, Ö.Kabak, S.Önsel, E.Aktas, B.R. Parker, "The
competitiveness of nations and implications for human development",
2010, Elsevier, vol.45, p.16-27.
[9] K. Aswathappa, Essentials of Business Environment. Mumbai, IND:
Global Media, 2009, ch 1.
[10] F. Cherunilam, Business environment. Mumbai, IND: Global Media,
2009, ch 1.
[11] B. M. Richman, M. Copen, International Management and Economic
Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1972, ch 1.
[12] W. F. Glueck, L. R. Jauch, Business Policy and Strategic Management.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1972, ch 1.
[13] L. L. Steem. "Consumer Protection via Self - Regulation", Journal of
Marketing, July, 1971.
[14] C. Pelau, A. D. Vladoi, and M. Fufezen, "Indicators used for the
performance measurement of sustainable development," Annals of the
University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, Vol.18, Issue 4, 2009,
p.421-425.
[15] Eurostat,www.eurostat.eu, viewed October 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:50843", author = "B. Zvirbule and I. Vilka", title = "Impact of Social Environment on Economic Development in the Baltic States", abstract = "The Baltic States regained independence and started
the pathway from command economy to market economy and
entered European Union at the same time. Latter internationally
recognized evaluations for the countries are diverse. The present
diversity of the Baltic States -Economic Development is a subject of
interest because of the similarities – all three are small, open
economies, countries have similar geographic location and initially
likewise historical and political backgrounds. This article explains
relationship between social environment, business environment and
economic growth. It argues that the elements of social environment
underlie more successful economic development. It researches the
causes, why Estonia has performed better in economic outcomes and
development. The article analyses selection of socio-economic
indicators of all three Baltic States – Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
for the time period of ten years to include the influence of economic
cycles.", keywords = "Baltic States, economic development,
economic growth, level of education, social environment.", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "408-4", }