Highly Efficient White Light-emitting Diodes Based on Layered Quantum Dot-Phosphor Nanocomposites as Converting Materials
This paper reports on the enhanced photoluminescence
(PL) of nanocomposites through the layered structuring of phosphor
and quantum dot (QD). Green phosphor of Sr2SiO4:Eu, red QDs of
CdSe/CdS/CdZnS/ZnS core-multishell, and thermo-curable resin
were used for this study. Two kinds of composite (layered and mixed)
were prepared, and the schemes for optical energy transfer between
QD and phosphor were suggested and investigated based on PL decay
characteristics. It was found that the layered structure is more effective
than the mixed one in the respects of PL intensity, PL decay and
thermal loss. When this layered nanocomposite (QDs on phosphor) is
used to make white light emitting diode (LED), the brightness is
increased by 37 %, and the color rendering index (CRI) value is raised
to 88.4 compared to the mixed case of 80.4.
[1] Y. Li, A. Rizzo, R. Cingolani, and G. Gigli, "Bright
White-Light-Emitting Device from Ternary Nanocrystal Composites,"
Adv. Mater., 18, 2545, 2006.
[2] R. Xie, D. Battaglia, and X. Peng, "Colloidal InP Nanocrystals as
Efficient Emitters Covering Blue to Near-Infrared," J. Am Chem. Soc.,
129, 15432, 2007.
[3] J. S. Bendall, M. Paderi, F. Ghigliotti, N. L. Pira, V. Lambertini, V.
Lesnyak, N. Gaponik, G. Visimberga, A. Eychm├╝ller, C. M. S. Torres, M.
E. Welland, C. Gieck, and L. Marchese, "Layer-by-Layer All-Inorganic
Quantum-Dot-Based LEDs : A Simple Procedure with Robust
Performance," Adv. Funct. Mater., 20, 3298, 2010.
[4] S. Jeong, J. Lee, J. Nam, K. Im, J. Hur, J.-J. Park, J.-M. Kim, B. Chon, T.
Joo, and S. Kim, "One-Step Preparation of Strongly Luminescent and
Highly Loaded CdSe Quantum Dot-Silica Films," J. Phys. Chem. C, 114,
14362, 2010.
[5] W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, J. W. Park, K. Char, C. Lee, and S. Lee, "Highly
Efficient Green-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on CdSe@ZnS Quantum
Dots with a Chemical-Composition Gradient," Adv. Mater., 21, 1690,
2009.
[6] P. O. Anikeeva, J. E. Halpert, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, "Quantum
Dot Light-Emitting Devices with Electroluminescence Tunable over the
Entire Visible Spectrum," Nano Letters, 9, 2532, 2009.
[7] W. C. W. Chan, and S. Nie, "Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for
Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection," Science, 281, 2016, 1998.
[8] V. I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth,
C. A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, "Optical Gain and
Stimulated Emission in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots," Science, 290, 314,
2000.
[9] E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim,
"White-Light-Emitting Diodes with Quantum Dot Color Converters for
Display Backlights," Adv. Mater., 22, 3076, 2010.
[10] I. Koutselas, P. Bampoulis, E. Maratou, T. Evagelinou, G. Pagona, and G.
C. Papavassiliou, "Some Unconventional Organic Inorganic Hybrid
Low-Dimensional Semiconductors and Related Light-Emitting Devices,"
J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 8475, 2011.
[11] S. Haubold, M. Haase, A. Kornowski, and H. Weller, "Strongly
Luminescent InP/ZnS Core ┬▒ Shell Nanoparticles," ChemPhysChem, 2,
331, 2001.
[12] H. Zhang, J. Han, and B. Yang, "Structural Fabrication and Functional
Modulation of Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites," Adv. Funct. Mater.,
20, 1533, 2010.
[13] J. S. Steckel, P. Snee, S. C.-Sullivan, J. P. Zimmer, J. E. Halpert, P.
Anikeeva, L. A. Kim, V. Bulovic, and M. G. Bawendi, "Color-Saturated
Green-Emitting QD-LEDs," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 5796, 2006.
[14] H. S. Chen, S. J. J. Wang, C. J. Lo, and J. Y. Chi, "White-light emission
from organics-capped ZnSe quantum dots and application in
white-light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 131905, 2005.
[15] S. Nizamoglu, G. Zengin, and H. V. Demir, "Color-converting
combinations of nanocrystal emitters for warm-white light generation
with high color rendering index," Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 031102, 2008.
[16] M. Ali, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Nag, A. Kumar, S. Sapra, S. Chakraborty,
and D. D. Sarma, "White-light emission from a blend of CdSeS
nanocrystals of different Se:S ratio," Nanotechnology, 18, 075401, 2007.
[17] S. Chanyawadee, P. G. Lagoudakis, R. T. Harley, M. D. B. Charlton, D. V.
Talapin, H. W. Huang, and C.-H. Lin, "Increased Color-Conversion
Efficiency in Hybrid Light-Emitting Diodes utilizing Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer," Adv. Mater., 22, 602, 2010.
[18] J. Y. Woo, K. N. Kim, S. Jeong, and C.-S. Han, "Thermal behavior of a
quantum dot nanocomposite as a color converting material and its
application to white LED," Nanotechnology, 21, 495704, 2010.
[19] X. Cao, C. M. Li, H. Bao, Q. Bao, and H. Dong, "Fabrication of Strongly
Fluorescent Quantum Dot-Polymer Composite in Aqueous Solution,"
Chem. Mater., 19, 3773, 2007.
[20] J. Lim, S. Jun, E. Jang, H. Baik, H. Kim, and J. Cho, "Preparation of
Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals and Their Application to
Light-Emitting Diodes," Adv. Mater., 19, 1927, 2007.
[21] H. S. Jang, H. S. Yang, S. W. Kim, J. Y. Han, S. G. Lee, and D. Y. Jeon,
"White Light-Emitting Diodes with Excellent Color Rendering Based on
Organically Capped CdSe Quantum Dots and Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+
Phosphors," Adv. Mater., 20, 2696, 2008.
[22] H. S. Jang, B. H. Kwon, H. Yang, and D. Y. Jeon, "Bright three-band
white light generated from CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot-assisted
Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+-based white light-emitting diode with high color
rendering index," Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 161901, 2009.
[23] S. Nizamoglu, T. Ozel, E. Sari, and H. V. Demir, "White light generation
using CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals hybridized with InGaN/GaN
light emitting diodes," Nanotechnology, 18, 065709, 2007.
[24] R. J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo,
"2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using
oxynitride/nitride phosphors," Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 191101, 2007.
[25] H. Wang, K. S. Lee, J. H. Ryu, C. H. Hong, and Y. H. Cho, "White light
emitting diodes realized by using an active packaging method with
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots dispersed in photosensitive epoxy resins,"
Nanotechnology, 19, 145202, 2008.
[1] Y. Li, A. Rizzo, R. Cingolani, and G. Gigli, "Bright
White-Light-Emitting Device from Ternary Nanocrystal Composites,"
Adv. Mater., 18, 2545, 2006.
[2] R. Xie, D. Battaglia, and X. Peng, "Colloidal InP Nanocrystals as
Efficient Emitters Covering Blue to Near-Infrared," J. Am Chem. Soc.,
129, 15432, 2007.
[3] J. S. Bendall, M. Paderi, F. Ghigliotti, N. L. Pira, V. Lambertini, V.
Lesnyak, N. Gaponik, G. Visimberga, A. Eychm├╝ller, C. M. S. Torres, M.
E. Welland, C. Gieck, and L. Marchese, "Layer-by-Layer All-Inorganic
Quantum-Dot-Based LEDs : A Simple Procedure with Robust
Performance," Adv. Funct. Mater., 20, 3298, 2010.
[4] S. Jeong, J. Lee, J. Nam, K. Im, J. Hur, J.-J. Park, J.-M. Kim, B. Chon, T.
Joo, and S. Kim, "One-Step Preparation of Strongly Luminescent and
Highly Loaded CdSe Quantum Dot-Silica Films," J. Phys. Chem. C, 114,
14362, 2010.
[5] W. K. Bae, J. Kwak, J. W. Park, K. Char, C. Lee, and S. Lee, "Highly
Efficient Green-Light-Emitting Diodes Based on CdSe@ZnS Quantum
Dots with a Chemical-Composition Gradient," Adv. Mater., 21, 1690,
2009.
[6] P. O. Anikeeva, J. E. Halpert, M. G. Bawendi, and V. Bulovic, "Quantum
Dot Light-Emitting Devices with Electroluminescence Tunable over the
Entire Visible Spectrum," Nano Letters, 9, 2532, 2009.
[7] W. C. W. Chan, and S. Nie, "Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for
Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection," Science, 281, 2016, 1998.
[8] V. I. Klimov, A. A. Mikhailovsky, S. Xu, A. Malko, J. A. Hollingsworth,
C. A. Leatherdale, H.-J. Eisler, and M. G. Bawendi, "Optical Gain and
Stimulated Emission in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots," Science, 290, 314,
2000.
[9] E. Jang, S. Jun, H. Jang, J. Lim, B. Kim, and Y. Kim,
"White-Light-Emitting Diodes with Quantum Dot Color Converters for
Display Backlights," Adv. Mater., 22, 3076, 2010.
[10] I. Koutselas, P. Bampoulis, E. Maratou, T. Evagelinou, G. Pagona, and G.
C. Papavassiliou, "Some Unconventional Organic Inorganic Hybrid
Low-Dimensional Semiconductors and Related Light-Emitting Devices,"
J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 8475, 2011.
[11] S. Haubold, M. Haase, A. Kornowski, and H. Weller, "Strongly
Luminescent InP/ZnS Core ┬▒ Shell Nanoparticles," ChemPhysChem, 2,
331, 2001.
[12] H. Zhang, J. Han, and B. Yang, "Structural Fabrication and Functional
Modulation of Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites," Adv. Funct. Mater.,
20, 1533, 2010.
[13] J. S. Steckel, P. Snee, S. C.-Sullivan, J. P. Zimmer, J. E. Halpert, P.
Anikeeva, L. A. Kim, V. Bulovic, and M. G. Bawendi, "Color-Saturated
Green-Emitting QD-LEDs," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 5796, 2006.
[14] H. S. Chen, S. J. J. Wang, C. J. Lo, and J. Y. Chi, "White-light emission
from organics-capped ZnSe quantum dots and application in
white-light-emitting diodes," Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 131905, 2005.
[15] S. Nizamoglu, G. Zengin, and H. V. Demir, "Color-converting
combinations of nanocrystal emitters for warm-white light generation
with high color rendering index," Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 031102, 2008.
[16] M. Ali, S. Chattopadhyay, A. Nag, A. Kumar, S. Sapra, S. Chakraborty,
and D. D. Sarma, "White-light emission from a blend of CdSeS
nanocrystals of different Se:S ratio," Nanotechnology, 18, 075401, 2007.
[17] S. Chanyawadee, P. G. Lagoudakis, R. T. Harley, M. D. B. Charlton, D. V.
Talapin, H. W. Huang, and C.-H. Lin, "Increased Color-Conversion
Efficiency in Hybrid Light-Emitting Diodes utilizing Non-Radiative
Energy Transfer," Adv. Mater., 22, 602, 2010.
[18] J. Y. Woo, K. N. Kim, S. Jeong, and C.-S. Han, "Thermal behavior of a
quantum dot nanocomposite as a color converting material and its
application to white LED," Nanotechnology, 21, 495704, 2010.
[19] X. Cao, C. M. Li, H. Bao, Q. Bao, and H. Dong, "Fabrication of Strongly
Fluorescent Quantum Dot-Polymer Composite in Aqueous Solution,"
Chem. Mater., 19, 3773, 2007.
[20] J. Lim, S. Jun, E. Jang, H. Baik, H. Kim, and J. Cho, "Preparation of
Highly Luminescent Nanocrystals and Their Application to
Light-Emitting Diodes," Adv. Mater., 19, 1927, 2007.
[21] H. S. Jang, H. S. Yang, S. W. Kim, J. Y. Han, S. G. Lee, and D. Y. Jeon,
"White Light-Emitting Diodes with Excellent Color Rendering Based on
Organically Capped CdSe Quantum Dots and Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+
Phosphors," Adv. Mater., 20, 2696, 2008.
[22] H. S. Jang, B. H. Kwon, H. Yang, and D. Y. Jeon, "Bright three-band
white light generated from CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot-assisted
Sr3SiO5:Ce3+,Li+-based white light-emitting diode with high color
rendering index," Appl. Phys. Lett., 95, 161901, 2009.
[23] S. Nizamoglu, T. Ozel, E. Sari, and H. V. Demir, "White light generation
using CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystals hybridized with InGaN/GaN
light emitting diodes," Nanotechnology, 18, 065709, 2007.
[24] R. J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo,
"2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using
oxynitride/nitride phosphors," Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 191101, 2007.
[25] H. Wang, K. S. Lee, J. H. Ryu, C. H. Hong, and Y. H. Cho, "White light
emitting diodes realized by using an active packaging method with
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots dispersed in photosensitive epoxy resins,"
Nanotechnology, 19, 145202, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:61237", author = "J. Y. Woo and J. Lee and N. Kim and C.-S. Han", title = "Highly Efficient White Light-emitting Diodes Based on Layered Quantum Dot-Phosphor Nanocomposites as Converting Materials", abstract = "This paper reports on the enhanced photoluminescence
(PL) of nanocomposites through the layered structuring of phosphor
and quantum dot (QD). Green phosphor of Sr2SiO4:Eu, red QDs of
CdSe/CdS/CdZnS/ZnS core-multishell, and thermo-curable resin
were used for this study. Two kinds of composite (layered and mixed)
were prepared, and the schemes for optical energy transfer between
QD and phosphor were suggested and investigated based on PL decay
characteristics. It was found that the layered structure is more effective
than the mixed one in the respects of PL intensity, PL decay and
thermal loss. When this layered nanocomposite (QDs on phosphor) is
used to make white light emitting diode (LED), the brightness is
increased by 37 %, and the color rendering index (CRI) value is raised
to 88.4 compared to the mixed case of 80.4.", keywords = "Quantum Dot, Nanocomposites, Photoluminescence,
Light Emitting Diode", volume = "6", number = "5", pages = "477-5", }
