Growth Effects of Caffeic Acid and Thioglycolic Acid Modified Chitosans in U937 Cells
Chitosan is a biopolymer composed of glucosamine
and N-acetyl glucosamine. Solubility and viscosity pose problems in
some applications. These problems can be overcome with unique
modifications. In this study, firstly, chitosan was modified by caffeic
acid and thioglycolic acid, separately. Then, growing effects of these
modified polymers was observed in U937 cell line. Caffeic acid is a
phenolic compound and its modifications act carcinogenic inhibitors
in drugs. Thiolated chitosans are commonly being used for drugdelivery
systems in various routes, because of enhancing
mucoadhesiveness property. U937 cell line was used model cell for
leukaemia. Modifications were achieved by 1 – 15 % binding range.
Increasing binding ratios showed higher radical-scavenging activity
and reducing cell growth, in compared to native chitosan. Caffeic
acid modifications showed higher radical-scavenging activity than
thiolated chitosans at the same concentrations. Caffeic acid and
thioglycolic acid modifications inhibited growth of U937, effectively.
[1] Kumar, M., Muzzarelli, R., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., Domb, A.,
(2004). Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem. Rev
104, 6017-6084.
[2] Shahidi, F., Arachchi, J., Jeon, Y., (1999). Food applications of chitin
and chitosans. Trends in food science & Technology 10, 37-51.
[3] Kafedjiiski, K., Krauland, A., Hoffer, M., Bernkop-Schn├╝rch, A.,
(2005). Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel thiolated chitosan.
Biomaterials 26, 819-826.
[4] Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., Paganga, G., (1997). Antioxidant properties
of phenolic compounds. Trends in plant science 2, 152-159.
[5] Rajan, P., Vedernikova, I., Cos, P., Vanden Berghe, D., Augustyns, K.,
Haemers, A., (2001). Synthesis and evaluation of caffeic acid amides as
antioxidants. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, 215-217.
[6] Kumar, G., Bristow, J., Smith, P., Payne, G., (2000). Enzymatic gelation
of the natural polymer chitosan. Polymer 41, 2157-2168.
[7] Harris, P., Ralph, P., (1985). Human leukemic models of
myelomonocytic development: a review of the HL-60 and U937 cell
lines. Journal of leukocyte biology 37, 407.
[8] Rusjan, D., Korosec-Koruza, Z., (2007). A comparison of extraction
methods for selected phenolic compounds from grape berry skins using
liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Acta chimica slovenica
54, 114.
[9] Lee, D., Zhang, W., Shirley, S.A., Kong, X., Hellermann, G.R., Lockey,
R.F., Mohapatra, S.S., (2007). Thiolated chitosan/DNA nanocomplexes
exhibit enhanced and sustained gene delivery. Pharm Res 24, 157-167.
[10] Mao, S., Shuai, X., Unger, F., Simon, M., Bi, D., Kissel, T., (2004). The
depolymerization of chitosan: effects on physicochemical and biological
properties. International journal of pharmaceutics 281, 45-54.
[11] Shimada, K., Fujikawa, K., Yahara, K., Nakamura, T., (1992).
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil
in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
40, 945-948.
[12] Inagaki, S., Morimura, S., Gondo, K., Tang, Y., Akutagawa, H., Kida,
K., (2007). Isolation of Tryptophol as an Apoptosis-Inducing
Component of Vinegar Produced from Boiled Extract of Black Soybean
in Human.
[1] Kumar, M., Muzzarelli, R., Muzzarelli, C., Sashiwa, H., Domb, A.,
(2004). Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives. Chem. Rev
104, 6017-6084.
[2] Shahidi, F., Arachchi, J., Jeon, Y., (1999). Food applications of chitin
and chitosans. Trends in food science & Technology 10, 37-51.
[3] Kafedjiiski, K., Krauland, A., Hoffer, M., Bernkop-Schn├╝rch, A.,
(2005). Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a novel thiolated chitosan.
Biomaterials 26, 819-826.
[4] Rice-Evans, C., Miller, N., Paganga, G., (1997). Antioxidant properties
of phenolic compounds. Trends in plant science 2, 152-159.
[5] Rajan, P., Vedernikova, I., Cos, P., Vanden Berghe, D., Augustyns, K.,
Haemers, A., (2001). Synthesis and evaluation of caffeic acid amides as
antioxidants. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11, 215-217.
[6] Kumar, G., Bristow, J., Smith, P., Payne, G., (2000). Enzymatic gelation
of the natural polymer chitosan. Polymer 41, 2157-2168.
[7] Harris, P., Ralph, P., (1985). Human leukemic models of
myelomonocytic development: a review of the HL-60 and U937 cell
lines. Journal of leukocyte biology 37, 407.
[8] Rusjan, D., Korosec-Koruza, Z., (2007). A comparison of extraction
methods for selected phenolic compounds from grape berry skins using
liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. Acta chimica slovenica
54, 114.
[9] Lee, D., Zhang, W., Shirley, S.A., Kong, X., Hellermann, G.R., Lockey,
R.F., Mohapatra, S.S., (2007). Thiolated chitosan/DNA nanocomplexes
exhibit enhanced and sustained gene delivery. Pharm Res 24, 157-167.
[10] Mao, S., Shuai, X., Unger, F., Simon, M., Bi, D., Kissel, T., (2004). The
depolymerization of chitosan: effects on physicochemical and biological
properties. International journal of pharmaceutics 281, 45-54.
[11] Shimada, K., Fujikawa, K., Yahara, K., Nakamura, T., (1992).
Antioxidative properties of xanthan on the autoxidation of soybean oil
in cyclodextrin emulsion. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
40, 945-948.
[12] Inagaki, S., Morimura, S., Gondo, K., Tang, Y., Akutagawa, H., Kida,
K., (2007). Isolation of Tryptophol as an Apoptosis-Inducing
Component of Vinegar Produced from Boiled Extract of Black Soybean
in Human.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:50339", author = "Aytekin A.O. and Morimura S.", title = "Growth Effects of Caffeic Acid and Thioglycolic Acid Modified Chitosans in U937 Cells", abstract = "Chitosan is a biopolymer composed of glucosamine
and N-acetyl glucosamine. Solubility and viscosity pose problems in
some applications. These problems can be overcome with unique
modifications. In this study, firstly, chitosan was modified by caffeic
acid and thioglycolic acid, separately. Then, growing effects of these
modified polymers was observed in U937 cell line. Caffeic acid is a
phenolic compound and its modifications act carcinogenic inhibitors
in drugs. Thiolated chitosans are commonly being used for drugdelivery
systems in various routes, because of enhancing
mucoadhesiveness property. U937 cell line was used model cell for
leukaemia. Modifications were achieved by 1 – 15 % binding range.
Increasing binding ratios showed higher radical-scavenging activity
and reducing cell growth, in compared to native chitosan. Caffeic
acid modifications showed higher radical-scavenging activity than
thiolated chitosans at the same concentrations. Caffeic acid and
thioglycolic acid modifications inhibited growth of U937, effectively.", keywords = "Chitosan, U937 cell, caffeic acid, thioglycolic acid", volume = "4", number = "5", pages = "285-5", }