Frontal EEG Asymmetry Based Classification of Emotional Valence using Common Spatial Patterns
In this work we evaluate the possibility of predicting
the emotional state of a person based on the EEG. We investigate
the problem of classifying valence from EEG signals during
the presentation of affective pictures, utilizing the "frontal EEG
asymmetry" phenomenon. To distinguish positive and negative
emotions, we applied the Common Spatial Patterns algorithm.
In contrast to our expectations, the affective pictures did not
reliably elicit changes in frontal asymmetry. The classifying task
thereby becomes very hard as reflected by the poor classifier
performance. We suspect that the masking of the source of the
brain activity related to emotions, coming mostly from deeper
structures in the brain, and the insufficient emotional engagement
are among main reasons why it is difficult to predict the emotional
state of a person.
[1] R. J. Davidson, "Cerebral asymmetry and emotion: conceptual and
methological conundrums," Cognition and Emotion, vol. 7, pp. 115-
138, 1993.
[2] J. A. Coan and J. J. B. Allen, "Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator
and mediator of emotion," Biological Psychology, vol. 67, pp. 7-49,
2004.
[3] R. J. Huster, S. Stevens, A. L. Gerlach, and F. Rist, "A spectralanalytic
approach to emotional responses evoked through picture presentation,"
International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 212-216,
2009.
[4] P. Gable and E. Harmin-Jones, "Relative left frontal activation to
appetitive stimuli: considering the role of indiviual differences," Psychophysiology,
vol. 45, pp. 275 -278, 2008.
[5] M. M. Mller, A. Keil, T. Gruber, and T. Elbert, "Processing of affective
pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity,"
Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 110, pp. 1913-1920, 1999.
[6] E. Elgavish, D. Halpern, Z. Dikman, and J. J. B. Allen, "Does frontal
EEG asymmetry moderate or mediate responses to the international
affective picture system (IAPS)?" Psychophysiology, vol. 40, no. Suppl.
1, p. 38, 2003.
[7] G. Chanel, J. J. M. Kierkels, M. Soleymani, and T. Pun, "Short-term
emotion assessment in a recall paradigm," Int. J. Human-Computer
Studies, vol. 67, pp. 607-627, 2009.
[8] B. Blankertz, R. Tomioka, S. Lemm, M. Kawanabe, and K.-R. Mller,
"Optimizing spatial filters for robust EEG single-trial analysis," Signal
Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 41-56, 2008.
[9] H. Ramoser, J. Mller-Gerking, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Optimal spatial
filtering of single trial EEG during imagined handmovement," IEEE
Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 441-446,
2000.
[10] M. M. Bradley and P. J. Lang, "Measuring emotion: the self-assessment
manikin and the semantic differential," J Behav Therapy Exp Psychiatry,
vol. 25, pp. 49-59, 1994.
[11] M. Doppelmayr, W. Klimesch, T. Pachinger, and B. Ripper, "Individual
differences in brain dynamics: important implications for the calculation
of event-related power," Biological Cybernetics, vol. 79, pp. 49-57,
1998.
[12] G. Loftus and M. E. J. Masson, "Using confidence intervals in withinsubject
designs," Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.
476-490, 1994.
[13] B. Blankertz, G. Dornhege, M. Krauledat, K.-R. Mller, and G. Curio,
"The non-invasive Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Fast acquisition of
effective performance in untrained subjects." NeuroImage, vol. 37, no. 2,
pp. 539-550, 2007.
[14] R. J. Davidson, "What does the prefrontal cortex "do" in affect: perspectives
on frontal EEG asymmetry research," Biological Psychology,
vol. 67, pp. 219-233, 2004.
[15] A. D. Craig, "Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis?"
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 566-571, 2005.
[16] F. C. Murphy, I. Nimmo-Smith, and A. D. Lawrence, "Functional
neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis," Cognitive, affective &
behavioral neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 207-233, 2003.
[17] C. K. Peterson, A. J. Shackman, and E. Harmon-Jones, "The role of
asymmetrical frontal cortical activity in aggression," Psychophysiology,
vol. 45, pp. 86-92, 2008.
[18] S. Posse, D. Fitzgerald, K. Gao, U. Habel, D. Rosenberg, G. J.
Moore, and F. Schneider, "Real-time fMRI of temporolimbic regions
detects amygdala activation during single-trial self-induced sadness,"
NeuroImage, vol. 18, pp. 760-768, 2003.
[19] A. Caria, R. Veit, R. Sitaram, M. Lotze, N. Weiskopf, W. Grodd, and
N. Birbaumer, "Regulation of anterior insular cortex activity using realtime
fMRI," NeuroImage, vol. 35, pp. 1238-1246, 2007.
[20] S. Johnston, S. Boehm, D. Healy, R. Goebel, and D. Linden, "Neurofeedback:
A promising tool for the self-regulation of emotion networks,"
NeuroImage, vol. 49, pp. 1066-1072, 2010.
[21] T. Dalgleish, "The emotional brain," Nature Reviews Neuroscience,
vol. 5, pp. 583-589, 2004.
[22] M. Li and B.-L. Lu, "Emotion classification based on gamma-band
EEG," Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, vol. 1, 2009.
[1] R. J. Davidson, "Cerebral asymmetry and emotion: conceptual and
methological conundrums," Cognition and Emotion, vol. 7, pp. 115-
138, 1993.
[2] J. A. Coan and J. J. B. Allen, "Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator
and mediator of emotion," Biological Psychology, vol. 67, pp. 7-49,
2004.
[3] R. J. Huster, S. Stevens, A. L. Gerlach, and F. Rist, "A spectralanalytic
approach to emotional responses evoked through picture presentation,"
International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 212-216,
2009.
[4] P. Gable and E. Harmin-Jones, "Relative left frontal activation to
appetitive stimuli: considering the role of indiviual differences," Psychophysiology,
vol. 45, pp. 275 -278, 2008.
[5] M. M. Mller, A. Keil, T. Gruber, and T. Elbert, "Processing of affective
pictures modulates right-hemispheric gamma band EEG activity,"
Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 110, pp. 1913-1920, 1999.
[6] E. Elgavish, D. Halpern, Z. Dikman, and J. J. B. Allen, "Does frontal
EEG asymmetry moderate or mediate responses to the international
affective picture system (IAPS)?" Psychophysiology, vol. 40, no. Suppl.
1, p. 38, 2003.
[7] G. Chanel, J. J. M. Kierkels, M. Soleymani, and T. Pun, "Short-term
emotion assessment in a recall paradigm," Int. J. Human-Computer
Studies, vol. 67, pp. 607-627, 2009.
[8] B. Blankertz, R. Tomioka, S. Lemm, M. Kawanabe, and K.-R. Mller,
"Optimizing spatial filters for robust EEG single-trial analysis," Signal
Processing Magazine, IEEE, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 41-56, 2008.
[9] H. Ramoser, J. Mller-Gerking, and G. Pfurtscheller, "Optimal spatial
filtering of single trial EEG during imagined handmovement," IEEE
Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 441-446,
2000.
[10] M. M. Bradley and P. J. Lang, "Measuring emotion: the self-assessment
manikin and the semantic differential," J Behav Therapy Exp Psychiatry,
vol. 25, pp. 49-59, 1994.
[11] M. Doppelmayr, W. Klimesch, T. Pachinger, and B. Ripper, "Individual
differences in brain dynamics: important implications for the calculation
of event-related power," Biological Cybernetics, vol. 79, pp. 49-57,
1998.
[12] G. Loftus and M. E. J. Masson, "Using confidence intervals in withinsubject
designs," Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, vol. 1, no. 4, pp.
476-490, 1994.
[13] B. Blankertz, G. Dornhege, M. Krauledat, K.-R. Mller, and G. Curio,
"The non-invasive Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Fast acquisition of
effective performance in untrained subjects." NeuroImage, vol. 37, no. 2,
pp. 539-550, 2007.
[14] R. J. Davidson, "What does the prefrontal cortex "do" in affect: perspectives
on frontal EEG asymmetry research," Biological Psychology,
vol. 67, pp. 219-233, 2004.
[15] A. D. Craig, "Forebrain emotional asymmetry: a neuroanatomical basis?"
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 566-571, 2005.
[16] F. C. Murphy, I. Nimmo-Smith, and A. D. Lawrence, "Functional
neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis," Cognitive, affective &
behavioral neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 207-233, 2003.
[17] C. K. Peterson, A. J. Shackman, and E. Harmon-Jones, "The role of
asymmetrical frontal cortical activity in aggression," Psychophysiology,
vol. 45, pp. 86-92, 2008.
[18] S. Posse, D. Fitzgerald, K. Gao, U. Habel, D. Rosenberg, G. J.
Moore, and F. Schneider, "Real-time fMRI of temporolimbic regions
detects amygdala activation during single-trial self-induced sadness,"
NeuroImage, vol. 18, pp. 760-768, 2003.
[19] A. Caria, R. Veit, R. Sitaram, M. Lotze, N. Weiskopf, W. Grodd, and
N. Birbaumer, "Regulation of anterior insular cortex activity using realtime
fMRI," NeuroImage, vol. 35, pp. 1238-1246, 2007.
[20] S. Johnston, S. Boehm, D. Healy, R. Goebel, and D. Linden, "Neurofeedback:
A promising tool for the self-regulation of emotion networks,"
NeuroImage, vol. 49, pp. 1066-1072, 2010.
[21] T. Dalgleish, "The emotional brain," Nature Reviews Neuroscience,
vol. 5, pp. 583-589, 2004.
[22] M. Li and B.-L. Lu, "Emotion classification based on gamma-band
EEG," Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, vol. 1, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:54897", author = "Irene Winkler and Mark Jager and Vojkan Mihajlovic and Tsvetomira Tsoneva", title = "Frontal EEG Asymmetry Based Classification of Emotional Valence using Common Spatial Patterns", abstract = "In this work we evaluate the possibility of predicting
the emotional state of a person based on the EEG. We investigate
the problem of classifying valence from EEG signals during
the presentation of affective pictures, utilizing the "frontal EEG
asymmetry" phenomenon. To distinguish positive and negative
emotions, we applied the Common Spatial Patterns algorithm.
In contrast to our expectations, the affective pictures did not
reliably elicit changes in frontal asymmetry. The classifying task
thereby becomes very hard as reflected by the poor classifier
performance. We suspect that the masking of the source of the
brain activity related to emotions, coming mostly from deeper
structures in the brain, and the insufficient emotional engagement
are among main reasons why it is difficult to predict the emotional
state of a person.", keywords = "Emotion, Valence, EEG, Common Spatial Patterns(CSP).", volume = "4", number = "9", pages = "428-6", }
