Fatigue Properties and Strength Degradation of Carbon Fibber Reinforced Composites
A two-parameter fatigue model explicitly accounting for the cyclic as well as the mean stress was used to fit static and fatigue data available in literature concerning carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates subjected tension-tension fatigue. The model confirms the strength–life equal rank assumption and predicts reasonably the probability of failure under cyclic loading. The model parameters were found by best fitting procedures and required a minimum of experimental tests.
[1] J. F. Mandell, "Fatigue behavior of short fiber composite materials" in
K. L. Reifsnider Ed., Fatigue of Composite Materials, vol. 4, in
Composite Materials series, ch. 7, Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier,
1990, pp. 231-237.
[2] K. Y. Hour, H. Sehitoglu, "Proof testing of composite materials" in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 27(8), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1993, pp. 782-805.
[3] A. D-Amore, G. Caprino, P. Stupak, J. Zhou, L. Nicolais, "Effect of
stress ratio on the flexural fatigue behaviour of continuous strand mat
reinforced plastics", in Science and Engineering of Composite
Materials, vol. 5, Ed. Boston MA, USA: De Gruyter, 1996, pp. 1-8.
[4] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, P. Verde, "Modeling the Flexural Fatigue
Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Matrices" in
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Ed. Rotterdam, NL:
Springer, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s11043-012-9192-y.
[5] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, P. Verde, "Modeling the Fatigue Behavior
of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosetting
Matrices", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference
proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American
Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 372-374.
[6] Z. Fawaz, F. Ellyin, "Fatigue Failure Model for Fibre-Reinforced
Materials under General Loading Conditions", in Journal of
Composite Materials, vol. 28(15), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA:
Sage, 1994, pp. 1432-1451.
[7] G. Caprino, A. D-Amore, "Flexural fatigue behaviour of
randomcontinous-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites", in
Composites Science and Technology, vol. 58(6), Ed. Amsterdam, NL:
Elsevier, 1998, pp. 957-965.
[8] G. Caprino, "Predicting fatigue life of composite laminates subjected
to tension-tension fatigue", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
34(16), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 2000, pp. 1334-1355.
[9] H.T. Hahn, R.Y. Kim, "Proof testing of composite materials", in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 9(3), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1975, pp. 297-311.
[10] P. C. Chou, R. Croman, "Residual Strength in Fatigue Based on
Strength-life equal rank assumption", in Journal of Composite
Materials, vol. 12(2), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1978, pp.
177-194.
[11] A. D-Amore, F. Caputo, L. Grassia, M. Zarrelli, "Numerical
Evaluation of Structural Relaxation-Induced Stresses in Amorphous
Polymers", in Composites Part A: Applied Science and
Manufacturing, vol. 37(4), Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2006, pp.
556-564.
[12] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Residual stresses in amorphous polymers",
in Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 228, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA:
Wiley, 2005, pp. 1-15.
[13] M. Zarrelli, I. K. Partridge, A. D'Amore, "Warpage induced in bimaterial
specimens: Coefficient of thermal expansion, chemical
shrinkage and viscoelastic modulus evolution during cure", in
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 37(4),
Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2006, pp. 565-573-564.
[14] L. Grassia, A. D'Amore, "Calculation of the Shrinkage Induced
Residual Stress in a Viscoelastic Dental Restorative Material", in
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Ed. Rotterdam, NL:
Springer, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s11043-012-9190-0.
[15] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Modeling the residual stresses in reactive
resins-based materials: A case study of photo-sensitive composites for
dental applications", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference
proceedings, vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American
Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 408-410.
[16] G. Lamanna, F. Caputo, A. Soprano, "Numerical Modelling and
Simulation of a Bolted Hybrid Joint", in Structural durability and
Health Monitoring, vol. 7(4), Ed. Duluth GA, USA: Tech Science
Press, 2011, pp. 283-296.
[17] G. Lamanna, F. Caputo, A. Soprano, "Geometrical parameters
influencing a hybrid mechanical coupling", in Key Engineering
Materials, vols. 525-526, Ed. Stafa/Zurich, CH: Trans Tech
Publications Ltd, 2012, pp. 161-164.
[18] L. Grassia, M. G. Pastore Carbone, A. D-Amore, "Modeling of the
isobaric and isothermal glass transitions of polystyrene", in Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, vol. 122, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA: Wiley,
2011, pp. 3752-3757.
[19] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, D. Acierno, "Modelling the yield stress and
the Poisson's ratio of glassy polymers", in E-Polymers, art. no. 052,
2009, pp. 1-9.
[20] L. Grassia, A. D'Amore, P. Verde, "On The Inter-Conversion
Between Viscoelastic Material Functions of Polycarbonate", in AIP
American Institute of Physics conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed.
Melville New York, USA: American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp.
375-377.
[21] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Thermal residual stresses in amorphous
thermoplastic polymers", in AIP American Institute of Physics
conference proceedings, vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA:
American Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 414-416.
[22] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Finite element calculation of residual stress
in dental restorative material", in AIP American Institute of Physics
conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed. Melville New York, USA:
American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 312-315.
[23] A. Martone, L. Grassia, M. Zarrelli, M. Giordano, A. D-Amore,
"Enthalpy relaxation of an epoxy matrix/carbon nanotubes", in AIP
American Institute of Physics conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed.
Melville New York, USA: American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp.
347-349.
[24] R. Alfani, P. Colombet, A. D'Amore, N. Rizzo, L. Nicolais, "Effect of
temperature on thermo-mechanical properties of Macro-Defect-Free
cement-polymer composite", in Journal of Materials Science, vol. 34,
Ed. Rotterdam, NL: Springer, 1999, pp. 5683-5687.
[25] A. D'Amore, G. Caprino, L. Nicolais, G. Marino, "Long-term
behaviour of PEI and PEI-based composites subjected to physical
aging", in Composites Science and Technology, vol. 59, Ed.
Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 1999, pp.1993-2003.
[26] G. Caprino, A. D'Amore, F. Facciolo," Fatigue sensitivity of random
glass fibre reinforced plastics", in Journal of Composite Materials,
vol. 32(12), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1998, pp. 1203-
1220.
[27] P. Netti, A. D'Amore, D. Ronca, L. Ambrosio, L. Nicolais,
"Structure-mechanical properties relationship of natural tendons and
ligaments", in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine,
vol. 7, Ed. Rotterdam, NL: Springer, 1996, pp. 525-530.
[28] Y. Miyano, M.K. MacMurray, J. Enyama, M. Nakada, "Loading rate
and temperature dependence on flexural fatigue behavior of a satin
woven CFRP laminate", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
28(13), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1994, pp. 1250-1260.
[29] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, S. L. Simon, "On the viscoelastic Poisson's
ratio in amorphous polymers", in Journal of Rheology, vol. 54, Ed.
Pasadena CA, USA: Jor, 2010, pp. 1009-1022.
[30] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Constitutive law describing the
phenomenology of subyield mechanically stimulated glasses", in
Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics,
vol. 74(2), Ed. College Park MD, USA: APS, 2006, art. no. 021504
(13 pages).
[31] Y. Miyano, M. Nakada, H. Kudok, R. Muki, "Prediction of tensile
fatigue of for unidirectional CRFP", in Journal of Composite
Materials, vol. 34(7), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 2000, pp.
538-550.
[32] G. McCrum, C. P. Bickley, C. B. Bucknall in Principles of Polymer
Engineering, Oxford University Press, 1989.
[33] I. Chung, C. T. Sun, I. Y. Chang, "Modeling Creep in Thermoplastic
Composites", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 27(10), Ed.
Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1993, pp. 1009-1029.
[34] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Isobaric PVT behavior of Poly(Carbonate)
(PC)", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference proceedings,
vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American Institute of
Physics, 2010, pp. 417-419.
[35] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Isobaric and isothermal glass transition of
PMMA: Pressure-volume- temperature experiments and modelling
predictions", in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 357, Ed.
Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 414-418.
[36] L. Grassia, M. G. Pastore Carbone, G. Mensitieri, A. D'Amore,
"Modeling of density evolution of PLA under ultra-high
pressure/temperature histories ", in Polymer, vol. 52, Ed. Amsterdam,
NL: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 4011-4020.
[37] Y. Yang, A. D'Amore, Y. Di, L. Nicolais, B. Li, "Effect of physical
aging on phenolphthalein polyethersulfone/poly(phenylene sulfide)
blend. I. Mechanical properties", in Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, vol. 59, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA: Wiley, 1996, pp. 1159-1166.
[38] J.N. Yang, M. D. Liu, "Residual strength degradation model and
theory of periodic proof tests for graphite/epoxy laminates", in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 11, Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1977, pp. 176-203.
[39] J.N. Yang, "Effect of high load on statistical fatigue of unnoched
graphite/epoxy laminates", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
14, Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1980, pp. 82-94.
[40] P. Verde, "Modeling the Strength Degradation and Fatigue of Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Composites", in The Open Materials Science
Journal, vol. 6, Ed. Bussum, NL: Bentham Open Publishers, 2012,
pp. 77-82.
[1] J. F. Mandell, "Fatigue behavior of short fiber composite materials" in
K. L. Reifsnider Ed., Fatigue of Composite Materials, vol. 4, in
Composite Materials series, ch. 7, Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier,
1990, pp. 231-237.
[2] K. Y. Hour, H. Sehitoglu, "Proof testing of composite materials" in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 27(8), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1993, pp. 782-805.
[3] A. D-Amore, G. Caprino, P. Stupak, J. Zhou, L. Nicolais, "Effect of
stress ratio on the flexural fatigue behaviour of continuous strand mat
reinforced plastics", in Science and Engineering of Composite
Materials, vol. 5, Ed. Boston MA, USA: De Gruyter, 1996, pp. 1-8.
[4] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, P. Verde, "Modeling the Flexural Fatigue
Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Matrices" in
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Ed. Rotterdam, NL:
Springer, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s11043-012-9192-y.
[5] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, P. Verde, "Modeling the Fatigue Behavior
of Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic and Thermosetting
Matrices", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference
proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American
Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 372-374.
[6] Z. Fawaz, F. Ellyin, "Fatigue Failure Model for Fibre-Reinforced
Materials under General Loading Conditions", in Journal of
Composite Materials, vol. 28(15), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA:
Sage, 1994, pp. 1432-1451.
[7] G. Caprino, A. D-Amore, "Flexural fatigue behaviour of
randomcontinous-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites", in
Composites Science and Technology, vol. 58(6), Ed. Amsterdam, NL:
Elsevier, 1998, pp. 957-965.
[8] G. Caprino, "Predicting fatigue life of composite laminates subjected
to tension-tension fatigue", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
34(16), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 2000, pp. 1334-1355.
[9] H.T. Hahn, R.Y. Kim, "Proof testing of composite materials", in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 9(3), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1975, pp. 297-311.
[10] P. C. Chou, R. Croman, "Residual Strength in Fatigue Based on
Strength-life equal rank assumption", in Journal of Composite
Materials, vol. 12(2), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1978, pp.
177-194.
[11] A. D-Amore, F. Caputo, L. Grassia, M. Zarrelli, "Numerical
Evaluation of Structural Relaxation-Induced Stresses in Amorphous
Polymers", in Composites Part A: Applied Science and
Manufacturing, vol. 37(4), Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2006, pp.
556-564.
[12] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Residual stresses in amorphous polymers",
in Macromolecular Symposia, vol. 228, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA:
Wiley, 2005, pp. 1-15.
[13] M. Zarrelli, I. K. Partridge, A. D'Amore, "Warpage induced in bimaterial
specimens: Coefficient of thermal expansion, chemical
shrinkage and viscoelastic modulus evolution during cure", in
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 37(4),
Ed. Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2006, pp. 565-573-564.
[14] L. Grassia, A. D'Amore, "Calculation of the Shrinkage Induced
Residual Stress in a Viscoelastic Dental Restorative Material", in
Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials, Ed. Rotterdam, NL:
Springer, 2012, doi: 10.1007/s11043-012-9190-0.
[15] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Modeling the residual stresses in reactive
resins-based materials: A case study of photo-sensitive composites for
dental applications", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference
proceedings, vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American
Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 408-410.
[16] G. Lamanna, F. Caputo, A. Soprano, "Numerical Modelling and
Simulation of a Bolted Hybrid Joint", in Structural durability and
Health Monitoring, vol. 7(4), Ed. Duluth GA, USA: Tech Science
Press, 2011, pp. 283-296.
[17] G. Lamanna, F. Caputo, A. Soprano, "Geometrical parameters
influencing a hybrid mechanical coupling", in Key Engineering
Materials, vols. 525-526, Ed. Stafa/Zurich, CH: Trans Tech
Publications Ltd, 2012, pp. 161-164.
[18] L. Grassia, M. G. Pastore Carbone, A. D-Amore, "Modeling of the
isobaric and isothermal glass transitions of polystyrene", in Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, vol. 122, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA: Wiley,
2011, pp. 3752-3757.
[19] A. D-Amore, L. Grassia, D. Acierno, "Modelling the yield stress and
the Poisson's ratio of glassy polymers", in E-Polymers, art. no. 052,
2009, pp. 1-9.
[20] L. Grassia, A. D'Amore, P. Verde, "On The Inter-Conversion
Between Viscoelastic Material Functions of Polycarbonate", in AIP
American Institute of Physics conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed.
Melville New York, USA: American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp.
375-377.
[21] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Thermal residual stresses in amorphous
thermoplastic polymers", in AIP American Institute of Physics
conference proceedings, vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA:
American Institute of Physics, 2010, pp. 414-416.
[22] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Finite element calculation of residual stress
in dental restorative material", in AIP American Institute of Physics
conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed. Melville New York, USA:
American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp. 312-315.
[23] A. Martone, L. Grassia, M. Zarrelli, M. Giordano, A. D-Amore,
"Enthalpy relaxation of an epoxy matrix/carbon nanotubes", in AIP
American Institute of Physics conference proceedings, vol. 1459, Ed.
Melville New York, USA: American Institute of Physics, 2012, pp.
347-349.
[24] R. Alfani, P. Colombet, A. D'Amore, N. Rizzo, L. Nicolais, "Effect of
temperature on thermo-mechanical properties of Macro-Defect-Free
cement-polymer composite", in Journal of Materials Science, vol. 34,
Ed. Rotterdam, NL: Springer, 1999, pp. 5683-5687.
[25] A. D'Amore, G. Caprino, L. Nicolais, G. Marino, "Long-term
behaviour of PEI and PEI-based composites subjected to physical
aging", in Composites Science and Technology, vol. 59, Ed.
Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 1999, pp.1993-2003.
[26] G. Caprino, A. D'Amore, F. Facciolo," Fatigue sensitivity of random
glass fibre reinforced plastics", in Journal of Composite Materials,
vol. 32(12), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1998, pp. 1203-
1220.
[27] P. Netti, A. D'Amore, D. Ronca, L. Ambrosio, L. Nicolais,
"Structure-mechanical properties relationship of natural tendons and
ligaments", in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine,
vol. 7, Ed. Rotterdam, NL: Springer, 1996, pp. 525-530.
[28] Y. Miyano, M.K. MacMurray, J. Enyama, M. Nakada, "Loading rate
and temperature dependence on flexural fatigue behavior of a satin
woven CFRP laminate", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
28(13), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1994, pp. 1250-1260.
[29] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, S. L. Simon, "On the viscoelastic Poisson's
ratio in amorphous polymers", in Journal of Rheology, vol. 54, Ed.
Pasadena CA, USA: Jor, 2010, pp. 1009-1022.
[30] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Constitutive law describing the
phenomenology of subyield mechanically stimulated glasses", in
Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics,
vol. 74(2), Ed. College Park MD, USA: APS, 2006, art. no. 021504
(13 pages).
[31] Y. Miyano, M. Nakada, H. Kudok, R. Muki, "Prediction of tensile
fatigue of for unidirectional CRFP", in Journal of Composite
Materials, vol. 34(7), Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 2000, pp.
538-550.
[32] G. McCrum, C. P. Bickley, C. B. Bucknall in Principles of Polymer
Engineering, Oxford University Press, 1989.
[33] I. Chung, C. T. Sun, I. Y. Chang, "Modeling Creep in Thermoplastic
Composites", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 27(10), Ed.
Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1993, pp. 1009-1029.
[34] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Isobaric PVT behavior of Poly(Carbonate)
(PC)", in AIP American Institute of Physics conference proceedings,
vol. 1255, Ed. Melville New York, USA: American Institute of
Physics, 2010, pp. 417-419.
[35] L. Grassia, A. D-Amore, "Isobaric and isothermal glass transition of
PMMA: Pressure-volume- temperature experiments and modelling
predictions", in Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 357, Ed.
Amsterdam, NL: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 414-418.
[36] L. Grassia, M. G. Pastore Carbone, G. Mensitieri, A. D'Amore,
"Modeling of density evolution of PLA under ultra-high
pressure/temperature histories ", in Polymer, vol. 52, Ed. Amsterdam,
NL: Elsevier, 2011, pp. 4011-4020.
[37] Y. Yang, A. D'Amore, Y. Di, L. Nicolais, B. Li, "Effect of physical
aging on phenolphthalein polyethersulfone/poly(phenylene sulfide)
blend. I. Mechanical properties", in Journal of Applied Polymer
Science, vol. 59, Ed. Hoboken NJ, USA: Wiley, 1996, pp. 1159-1166.
[38] J.N. Yang, M. D. Liu, "Residual strength degradation model and
theory of periodic proof tests for graphite/epoxy laminates", in
Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 11, Ed. Thousand Oaks CA,
USA: Sage, 1977, pp. 176-203.
[39] J.N. Yang, "Effect of high load on statistical fatigue of unnoched
graphite/epoxy laminates", in Journal of Composite Materials, vol.
14, Ed. Thousand Oaks CA, USA: Sage, 1980, pp. 82-94.
[40] P. Verde, "Modeling the Strength Degradation and Fatigue of Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Composites", in The Open Materials Science
Journal, vol. 6, Ed. Bussum, NL: Bentham Open Publishers, 2012,
pp. 77-82.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:62139", author = "Pasquale Verde and Giuseppe Lamanna", title = "Fatigue Properties and Strength Degradation of Carbon Fibber Reinforced Composites", abstract = "A two-parameter fatigue model explicitly accounting for the cyclic as well as the mean stress was used to fit static and fatigue data available in literature concerning carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates subjected tension-tension fatigue. The model confirms the strength–life equal rank assumption and predicts reasonably the probability of failure under cyclic loading. The model parameters were found by best fitting procedures and required a minimum of experimental tests.
", keywords = "Fatigue life, strength, composites, Weibull distribution.", volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "116-4", }
