Expert Based System Design for Integrated Waste Management
Recently, an increasing number of researchers have
been focusing on working out realistic solutions to sustainability
problems. As sustainability issues gain higher importance for
organisations, the management of such decisions becomes critical.
Knowledge representation is a fundamental issue of complex
knowledge based systems. Many types of sustainability problems
would benefit from models based on experts’ knowledge. Cognitive
maps have been used for analyzing and aiding decision making. A
cognitive map can be made of almost any system or problem. A
fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) can successfully represent knowledge
and human experience, introducing concepts to represent the essential
elements and the cause and effect relationships among the concepts to
model the behaviour of any system. Integrated waste management
systems (IWMS) are complex systems that can be decomposed to
non-related and related subsystems and elements, where many factors
have to be taken into consideration that may be complementary,
contradictory, and competitive; these factors influence each other and
determine the overall decision process of the system. The goal of the
present paper is to construct an efficient IWMS which considers
various factors. The authors’ intention is to propose an expert based
system design approach for implementing expert decision support in
the area of IWMSs and introduces an appropriate methodology for
the development and analysis of group FCM. A framework for such a
methodology consisting of the development and application phases is
presented.
[1] M. S. Khan, M., Quaddus, Group Decision Support Using Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps for Causal Reasoning, Group Decision and Negotiation,
September 2004, Volume 13, Issue 5, pp 463-480.
[2] U. Özesmi, S. L. Özesmi, Ecological models based on people’s
knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach, Ecological
Modelling, Volume 176, Issues 1–2, 15 August 2004, Pages 43–64.
[3] M. K. Ketipi, D. E. Koulouriotis, E. G. Karakasis, G. A. Papakostas, V.
D. Tourassis, A flexible nonlinear approach to represent cause–effect
relationships in FCMs, Applied Soft Computing, Volume 12, Issue 12,
December 2012, Pages 3757–3770.
[4] G. Xirogiannisa, J. Stefanoua, M. Glykasb, A fuzzy cognitive map
approach to support urban design, Expert Systems with Applications,
Volume 26, Issue 2, February 2004, Pages 257–268.
[5] Özesmi, U. and Özesmi, S. L. (2004). Ecological Models Based on
People’s Knowledge: a Multi-step Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Approach.
J. of Ecological Modelling, 176(15): 3–64.
[6] Hung, M-L., Ma, H-w. and Yang W-F. (2007). A Novel Sustainable
Decision Making Model for Municipal Solid Waste Management. J. of
Waste Management, 27(2): 209–219.
[7] Papageorgiou, E. and Kontogianni, A. (2012). Using Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping in Environmental Decision Making and Management: A
Methodological Primer and an Application. Int. Perspectives on Global
Environmental Change, S. Young (ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-815-1,
InTech, doi: 10.5772/29375.
[8] Salhofer, S., Wassermann, G. and Binner, E. (2007). Strategic
Environmental Assessment as an Approach to Assess Waste
Management Systems. Experiences from an Austrian Case Study. J. of
Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(5): 610–618.
[9] Tanskanen, J-H. (2000). Strategic Planning of Municipal Solid Waste
Management. J. of Resources, Conservation and Recycling 30(2): 111–
133.
[10] Kalakula, S., Malakulb, P., Siemanondb, K. and Gania, R. (2014).
Integration of Life Cycle Assessment Software with Tools for Economic
and Sustainability Analyses and Process Simulation for Sustainable
Process Design. J. of Cleaner Production, Vol. 17, pp. 98-109.
[11] Haastrup, P., Maniezzo, V., Mattarelli, M., Rinaldi, F. M., Mendes, I.
and Paruccini, M. (1989). A Decision Support System for Urban Waste
Management. Eur. J. of Operational Research, 109(2): 330-341.
[12] Maniezzo, V., Mendes, I. and Paruccini, M. (1998). Decision Support
for Siting Problems. J. of Decision Support Systems 23(3):273–284.
[13] Phillips, P. S., Read, A. D., Green, A. E. and Bates, M. P. (1999). UK
Waste Minimisation Clubs: A Contribution to Sustainable Waste
Management. J. of Resources, Conservation and Recycling 27(3): 217–
247.
[14] Kurian, J. (2006). Stakeholder Participation for Sustainable Waste
Management. J. of Habitat Int., 30(4): 863–871.
[15] Shmeleva, S. E. and Powell, J.R. (2006). Ecological–economic
Modelling for Strategic Regional Waste Management Systems. J. of
Ecological Economics 59(1): 115-130.
[16] van de Klundert, A. and Anschutz, J. (1999). Integrated Sustainable
Waste Management: the Selection of Appropriate Technologies and the
Design of Sustainable Systems is Not (Only) a Technological issue.
CEDARE/IETC Inter-regional Workshop on Technologies for
Sustainable Waste Management, 1-17 Alexandria, Egypt.
[17] Wilson, E. J., McDougall, F. R. and Willmore, J. (2001). Euro-Trash:
Searching Europe for a More Sustainable Approach to Waste
management. J. of Resources Conservation and Recyclin,g 31(4), 327-
346.
[18] Bovea, M. D. and Powell, J. C. (2006). Alternative Scenarios to Meet
the Demands of Sustainable Waste Management. J. of Environmental
Management, vol. 79, pp. 115–132.
[19] den Boer. E. and Lager, J. (2007). LCA-IWM: A Decision Support Tool
for Sustainability Assessment of Waste Management Systems. J. of
Waste Management 27(8): 1032–1045.
[20] Thorneloe, S. A., Weitz, K., Barlaz, M. and Ham, R. K. (1999). Tools
for Determining Sustainable Waste Management Through Application
of Life-Cycle Assessment: Update on U.S. Research. in Proceedings of
Seventh Int. Waste Management and Landfill Symp. V, pp. 629-636.
[21] McBean, E. A., del Rosso, E. and Rovers, F. A. (2005). Improvements
in Financing for Sustainability in Solid Waste Management. J. of
Resources, Conservation and Recycling 43(4): 391–401.
[22] Jadoon, A., Batool, S. A. and Chaudhry, M. N. (2014). Assessment of
Factors Affecting Household Solid Waste Generation and its
Composition in Gulberg Town, Lahore, Pakistan. J. of Mater Cycles
Waste Management, 16(1):73–81, DOI 10.1007/s10163-013-0146-5.
[23] Worku Y. and Muchie, M. (2012). An Attempt at Quantifying Factors
that Affect Efficiency in the Management of Solid Waste Produced by
Commercial Businesses in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. J. of
Environmental and Public Health, Hindawi Publishing Corporation,
Vol. 2012, Article ID 165353, 12 p., doi:10.1155/2012/165353,
Research Article.
[24] Beigl, P., Lebersorger and S., Salhofer (2008). Modelling Municipal
Solid Waste Generation: A Review. J. of Waste Management, vol. 28,
pp. 200–214.
[25] Langa, D. L., Binderb, C. R., Stauffachera, M., Zieglera, C., Schleiss,
K., Scholz, R. W. (2006). Material and Money Flows as a Means for
Industry Analysis of Recycling Schemes. A Case Study of Regional Bio-
Waste Management. J of Resources, Conservation and Recycling,
49(06): 159-190.
[26] Morrissey, A. J. and Browne, J. (2004). Waste Management Models and
Their Application to Sustainable Waste Management. J. of Waste
Management 24(3): 297-308.
[27] M. K. Ketipi, D. E. Koulouriotis, E. G. Karakasis, G. A. Papakostas, V.
D. Tourassis, A flexible nonlinear approach to represent cause–effect
relationships in FCMs, Applied Soft Computing, Volume 12, Issue 12,
December 2012, Pages 3757–3770.
[28] C. D. Stylios, P. P. Groumpos, Modelling Complex Systems Using Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics—Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 34, No. 1, January
2004.
[29] K. Perusich, System Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Cognitive
Maps, Karl Perusich (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-044-5, InTech, 2010.
[30] B. Kosko, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 24, 65-
75, 1986.
[31] M. van Vliet, K. Kok, T. Veldkamp, Linking stakeholders and modellers
in scenario studies: The use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a
communication and learning tool, Futures, Volume 42, Issue 1, February
2010, Pages 1–14.
[32] Papageorgiou, E. and Kontogianni, A. (2012). Using Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping in Environmental Decision Making and Management: A
Methodological Primer and an Application. Int. Perspectives on Global
Environmental Change, S. Young (ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-815-1,
InTech, doi: 10.5772/29375.
[33] Murungweni, C., M. T. Van Wijk, J. A. Andersson, E. M. A. Smaling,
K. E. Giller, Application of fuzzy cognitive mapping in livelihood
vulnerability analysis, Ecology and Society, 16(4): 8, 2011.
[34] K. G. Q. Isak, M. Wildenberg, M. Adamescu, F. Skov, G. De Blust, R.
Varjopuro, A long-term biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness
Research Network, Manual for applying Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping –
experiences from ALTER-Net, Project No. GOCE-CT-2003-505298,
2009.
[1] M. S. Khan, M., Quaddus, Group Decision Support Using Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps for Causal Reasoning, Group Decision and Negotiation,
September 2004, Volume 13, Issue 5, pp 463-480.
[2] U. Özesmi, S. L. Özesmi, Ecological models based on people’s
knowledge: a multi-step fuzzy cognitive mapping approach, Ecological
Modelling, Volume 176, Issues 1–2, 15 August 2004, Pages 43–64.
[3] M. K. Ketipi, D. E. Koulouriotis, E. G. Karakasis, G. A. Papakostas, V.
D. Tourassis, A flexible nonlinear approach to represent cause–effect
relationships in FCMs, Applied Soft Computing, Volume 12, Issue 12,
December 2012, Pages 3757–3770.
[4] G. Xirogiannisa, J. Stefanoua, M. Glykasb, A fuzzy cognitive map
approach to support urban design, Expert Systems with Applications,
Volume 26, Issue 2, February 2004, Pages 257–268.
[5] Özesmi, U. and Özesmi, S. L. (2004). Ecological Models Based on
People’s Knowledge: a Multi-step Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping Approach.
J. of Ecological Modelling, 176(15): 3–64.
[6] Hung, M-L., Ma, H-w. and Yang W-F. (2007). A Novel Sustainable
Decision Making Model for Municipal Solid Waste Management. J. of
Waste Management, 27(2): 209–219.
[7] Papageorgiou, E. and Kontogianni, A. (2012). Using Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping in Environmental Decision Making and Management: A
Methodological Primer and an Application. Int. Perspectives on Global
Environmental Change, S. Young (ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-815-1,
InTech, doi: 10.5772/29375.
[8] Salhofer, S., Wassermann, G. and Binner, E. (2007). Strategic
Environmental Assessment as an Approach to Assess Waste
Management Systems. Experiences from an Austrian Case Study. J. of
Environmental Modelling & Software, 22(5): 610–618.
[9] Tanskanen, J-H. (2000). Strategic Planning of Municipal Solid Waste
Management. J. of Resources, Conservation and Recycling 30(2): 111–
133.
[10] Kalakula, S., Malakulb, P., Siemanondb, K. and Gania, R. (2014).
Integration of Life Cycle Assessment Software with Tools for Economic
and Sustainability Analyses and Process Simulation for Sustainable
Process Design. J. of Cleaner Production, Vol. 17, pp. 98-109.
[11] Haastrup, P., Maniezzo, V., Mattarelli, M., Rinaldi, F. M., Mendes, I.
and Paruccini, M. (1989). A Decision Support System for Urban Waste
Management. Eur. J. of Operational Research, 109(2): 330-341.
[12] Maniezzo, V., Mendes, I. and Paruccini, M. (1998). Decision Support
for Siting Problems. J. of Decision Support Systems 23(3):273–284.
[13] Phillips, P. S., Read, A. D., Green, A. E. and Bates, M. P. (1999). UK
Waste Minimisation Clubs: A Contribution to Sustainable Waste
Management. J. of Resources, Conservation and Recycling 27(3): 217–
247.
[14] Kurian, J. (2006). Stakeholder Participation for Sustainable Waste
Management. J. of Habitat Int., 30(4): 863–871.
[15] Shmeleva, S. E. and Powell, J.R. (2006). Ecological–economic
Modelling for Strategic Regional Waste Management Systems. J. of
Ecological Economics 59(1): 115-130.
[16] van de Klundert, A. and Anschutz, J. (1999). Integrated Sustainable
Waste Management: the Selection of Appropriate Technologies and the
Design of Sustainable Systems is Not (Only) a Technological issue.
CEDARE/IETC Inter-regional Workshop on Technologies for
Sustainable Waste Management, 1-17 Alexandria, Egypt.
[17] Wilson, E. J., McDougall, F. R. and Willmore, J. (2001). Euro-Trash:
Searching Europe for a More Sustainable Approach to Waste
management. J. of Resources Conservation and Recyclin,g 31(4), 327-
346.
[18] Bovea, M. D. and Powell, J. C. (2006). Alternative Scenarios to Meet
the Demands of Sustainable Waste Management. J. of Environmental
Management, vol. 79, pp. 115–132.
[19] den Boer. E. and Lager, J. (2007). LCA-IWM: A Decision Support Tool
for Sustainability Assessment of Waste Management Systems. J. of
Waste Management 27(8): 1032–1045.
[20] Thorneloe, S. A., Weitz, K., Barlaz, M. and Ham, R. K. (1999). Tools
for Determining Sustainable Waste Management Through Application
of Life-Cycle Assessment: Update on U.S. Research. in Proceedings of
Seventh Int. Waste Management and Landfill Symp. V, pp. 629-636.
[21] McBean, E. A., del Rosso, E. and Rovers, F. A. (2005). Improvements
in Financing for Sustainability in Solid Waste Management. J. of
Resources, Conservation and Recycling 43(4): 391–401.
[22] Jadoon, A., Batool, S. A. and Chaudhry, M. N. (2014). Assessment of
Factors Affecting Household Solid Waste Generation and its
Composition in Gulberg Town, Lahore, Pakistan. J. of Mater Cycles
Waste Management, 16(1):73–81, DOI 10.1007/s10163-013-0146-5.
[23] Worku Y. and Muchie, M. (2012). An Attempt at Quantifying Factors
that Affect Efficiency in the Management of Solid Waste Produced by
Commercial Businesses in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. J. of
Environmental and Public Health, Hindawi Publishing Corporation,
Vol. 2012, Article ID 165353, 12 p., doi:10.1155/2012/165353,
Research Article.
[24] Beigl, P., Lebersorger and S., Salhofer (2008). Modelling Municipal
Solid Waste Generation: A Review. J. of Waste Management, vol. 28,
pp. 200–214.
[25] Langa, D. L., Binderb, C. R., Stauffachera, M., Zieglera, C., Schleiss,
K., Scholz, R. W. (2006). Material and Money Flows as a Means for
Industry Analysis of Recycling Schemes. A Case Study of Regional Bio-
Waste Management. J of Resources, Conservation and Recycling,
49(06): 159-190.
[26] Morrissey, A. J. and Browne, J. (2004). Waste Management Models and
Their Application to Sustainable Waste Management. J. of Waste
Management 24(3): 297-308.
[27] M. K. Ketipi, D. E. Koulouriotis, E. G. Karakasis, G. A. Papakostas, V.
D. Tourassis, A flexible nonlinear approach to represent cause–effect
relationships in FCMs, Applied Soft Computing, Volume 12, Issue 12,
December 2012, Pages 3757–3770.
[28] C. D. Stylios, P. P. Groumpos, Modelling Complex Systems Using Fuzzy
Cognitive Maps, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics—Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 34, No. 1, January
2004.
[29] K. Perusich, System Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Cognitive
Maps, Karl Perusich (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-044-5, InTech, 2010.
[30] B. Kosko, Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, 24, 65-
75, 1986.
[31] M. van Vliet, K. Kok, T. Veldkamp, Linking stakeholders and modellers
in scenario studies: The use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a
communication and learning tool, Futures, Volume 42, Issue 1, February
2010, Pages 1–14.
[32] Papageorgiou, E. and Kontogianni, A. (2012). Using Fuzzy Cognitive
Mapping in Environmental Decision Making and Management: A
Methodological Primer and an Application. Int. Perspectives on Global
Environmental Change, S. Young (ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-815-1,
InTech, doi: 10.5772/29375.
[33] Murungweni, C., M. T. Van Wijk, J. A. Andersson, E. M. A. Smaling,
K. E. Giller, Application of fuzzy cognitive mapping in livelihood
vulnerability analysis, Ecology and Society, 16(4): 8, 2011.
[34] K. G. Q. Isak, M. Wildenberg, M. Adamescu, F. Skov, G. De Blust, R.
Varjopuro, A long-term biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness
Research Network, Manual for applying Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping –
experiences from ALTER-Net, Project No. GOCE-CT-2003-505298,
2009.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:68360", author = "A. Buruzs and M. F. Hatwágner and A. Torma and L. T. Kóczy", title = "Expert Based System Design for Integrated Waste Management", abstract = "Recently, an increasing number of researchers have
been focusing on working out realistic solutions to sustainability
problems. As sustainability issues gain higher importance for
organisations, the management of such decisions becomes critical.
Knowledge representation is a fundamental issue of complex
knowledge based systems. Many types of sustainability problems
would benefit from models based on experts’ knowledge. Cognitive
maps have been used for analyzing and aiding decision making. A
cognitive map can be made of almost any system or problem. A
fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) can successfully represent knowledge
and human experience, introducing concepts to represent the essential
elements and the cause and effect relationships among the concepts to
model the behaviour of any system. Integrated waste management
systems (IWMS) are complex systems that can be decomposed to
non-related and related subsystems and elements, where many factors
have to be taken into consideration that may be complementary,
contradictory, and competitive; these factors influence each other and
determine the overall decision process of the system. The goal of the
present paper is to construct an efficient IWMS which considers
various factors. The authors’ intention is to propose an expert based
system design approach for implementing expert decision support in
the area of IWMSs and introduces an appropriate methodology for
the development and analysis of group FCM. A framework for such a
methodology consisting of the development and application phases is
presented.
", keywords = "Factors, fuzzy cognitive map, group decision,
integrated waste management system.", volume = "8", number = "12", pages = "815-9", }
