Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness Effect on Single Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Micro-Tube
An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of surface roughness on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics in single-phase fluid flow in a stainless steel micro-tube having diameter of 0.85 mm and average internal surface roughness of 1.7 μm with relative surface roughness of 0.002. Distilled water and R134a liquids were used as the working fluids and testing was conducted with Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 10,000 covering laminar, transition and turbulent flow conditions. The experiments were conducted with the micro-tube oriented horizontally with uniform heat fluxes applied at the test section. The results indicated that the friction factor of both water and R134a can be predicted by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow and the modified Miller correlation for turbulent flow and early transition from laminar to turbulent flows. The heat transfer results of water and R134a were in good agreement with the conventional theory in the laminar flow region and lower than the Adam’s correlation for turbulent flow region which deviates from conventional theory.
[1] Velten, T., Heinrich Ruf, H., Barrow, D., Aspragathos, N., Lazarou, P.,
Jung, E., Khan, C., Richter, M., Kruckow, J., & Wackerle, M. (2005).
Packaging of Bio-MEMS: Strategies Technologies, and Applications.
IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 28(4): 533-546.
[2] Mudawar, I. (2000). Assessment of high -heat-flux thermal management
schemes. Proceedings of the Seventh Intersociety Conference on
Thermal and Themomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems.
[3] Morini, G.L. (2004). Laminar Liquid Flow Through Silicon
Microchannels. J. Fluids Eng., Transactions of the ASME. 126(3): 485-
489.
[4] Morini, G.L. (2004). Single-phase Convective Heat Transfer in Microchannels:
a Review of Experimental Results. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43(7),
631-651.
[5] Qu, W., Mala, G.M. & Li, D.(2000). Heat transfer for water flow in
trapezoidal silicon micro-channels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 43(21),
3925-3936.
[6] Toh, K.C., Chen, X. Y., & Chai, J.C. (2002). Numerical computation of
fluid flow and heat transfer in micro-channels. Int. J. Heat Mass
Transfer, 45, 5133-5141.
[7] Xu, B., K.T. Ooi, C. Mavriplis & Zaghloul, M.E. (2003). Evaluation of
viscous dissipation in liquid flow in micro-channels. Journal of Microchannels
and Micro-engineering,. 13, 53-57.
[8] Kandlikar, S.G., Joshi, S. & Tian, S. (2001). Effect of channel roughness
on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds numbers
in small diameter tubes. Proceedings of NHTC’01-35th National Heat
Transfer Conference, Anaheim CA, USA, paper 12134.
[9] Sharp, K.V. (2001). Experimental investigation of liquid and particleladen
flows in micro-tubes. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theoretical and
Applied Mechanics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
[10] Sharp, K.V. & Adrian, R. J. (2004). Transition from Laminar to
Turbulent Flow in Liquid Filled Micro-tubes. Exp. Fluids, 36, 741-747.
[11] i, Z.X., Du, D. X. & Guo, Z.Y. (2003). Experimental study on flow
characteristics of liquid in circular micro-tubes. Micro-scale
Thermophys. Eng., 7(3), 253-265.
[12] Phares, D.J. & Smedley G.T., (2004). Study of laminar flow of polar
liquid through circular micro-tubes. International Phys Fluid, 16(3),
1267-1272.
[13] Celata, G.P., Cumo, M., McPhail, S. & Zummo, G. (2006).
Characterization of fluid dynamic behavior and channel wall effects in
micro-tube. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 27, 135-143.
[14] Zhao. I. & Liu, Z., (2006). Experimental studies on flow visualization
and heat transfer characteristics in microtubes. 13th International Heat
Transfer Conference. MIC-12: Sydney.
[15] Rahman M.M, (2000). Measurements of heat transfer in micro-channel
heat sink. Int. Commun. Heat Mass. 27, 495-506.
[16] Celata, G.P., Cumo, M., Guglielmi, M. & Zummo G. (2002).
Experimental investigation of hydraulic and single-phase heat transfer in
0.130-MM capillary tube. Nanoscale Micro-scale Thermophys. Eng.
6(2), 85-97.
[17] Kandlikar, S.G., Joshi S. & Tian S. (2003). Effect of surface roughness
on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds number in
small diameter tubes. Heat Transfer Eng. 24, 4-16.
[18] Kandlikar, S.G., Schmitt, D., Carano, A. L.& Taylor, J. B. (2005).
Characterization of surface roughness effects on pressure drop in singlephase
flow in minichannels, Phys. Fluids, 17, 100606-(1-11).
[19] Adams, T.M., Abdel-Khalik, S. I., Jeter, M. & Qureshi, Z. H. (1997). An
Experimental investigation of single-phase forced convection in microchannels,
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 41(6-7), 851-857.
[20] Yang,C.-Y. & Lin,T.-Y. (2007). Heat transfer characteristics of water
flow in microtubes, Exp. Therm Flu sci., 32, 432-439.
[1] Velten, T., Heinrich Ruf, H., Barrow, D., Aspragathos, N., Lazarou, P.,
Jung, E., Khan, C., Richter, M., Kruckow, J., & Wackerle, M. (2005).
Packaging of Bio-MEMS: Strategies Technologies, and Applications.
IEEE Trans. Adv. Packag. 28(4): 533-546.
[2] Mudawar, I. (2000). Assessment of high -heat-flux thermal management
schemes. Proceedings of the Seventh Intersociety Conference on
Thermal and Themomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems.
[3] Morini, G.L. (2004). Laminar Liquid Flow Through Silicon
Microchannels. J. Fluids Eng., Transactions of the ASME. 126(3): 485-
489.
[4] Morini, G.L. (2004). Single-phase Convective Heat Transfer in Microchannels:
a Review of Experimental Results. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 43(7),
631-651.
[5] Qu, W., Mala, G.M. & Li, D.(2000). Heat transfer for water flow in
trapezoidal silicon micro-channels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 43(21),
3925-3936.
[6] Toh, K.C., Chen, X. Y., & Chai, J.C. (2002). Numerical computation of
fluid flow and heat transfer in micro-channels. Int. J. Heat Mass
Transfer, 45, 5133-5141.
[7] Xu, B., K.T. Ooi, C. Mavriplis & Zaghloul, M.E. (2003). Evaluation of
viscous dissipation in liquid flow in micro-channels. Journal of Microchannels
and Micro-engineering,. 13, 53-57.
[8] Kandlikar, S.G., Joshi, S. & Tian, S. (2001). Effect of channel roughness
on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds numbers
in small diameter tubes. Proceedings of NHTC’01-35th National Heat
Transfer Conference, Anaheim CA, USA, paper 12134.
[9] Sharp, K.V. (2001). Experimental investigation of liquid and particleladen
flows in micro-tubes. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theoretical and
Applied Mechanics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
[10] Sharp, K.V. & Adrian, R. J. (2004). Transition from Laminar to
Turbulent Flow in Liquid Filled Micro-tubes. Exp. Fluids, 36, 741-747.
[11] i, Z.X., Du, D. X. & Guo, Z.Y. (2003). Experimental study on flow
characteristics of liquid in circular micro-tubes. Micro-scale
Thermophys. Eng., 7(3), 253-265.
[12] Phares, D.J. & Smedley G.T., (2004). Study of laminar flow of polar
liquid through circular micro-tubes. International Phys Fluid, 16(3),
1267-1272.
[13] Celata, G.P., Cumo, M., McPhail, S. & Zummo, G. (2006).
Characterization of fluid dynamic behavior and channel wall effects in
micro-tube. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 27, 135-143.
[14] Zhao. I. & Liu, Z., (2006). Experimental studies on flow visualization
and heat transfer characteristics in microtubes. 13th International Heat
Transfer Conference. MIC-12: Sydney.
[15] Rahman M.M, (2000). Measurements of heat transfer in micro-channel
heat sink. Int. Commun. Heat Mass. 27, 495-506.
[16] Celata, G.P., Cumo, M., Guglielmi, M. & Zummo G. (2002).
Experimental investigation of hydraulic and single-phase heat transfer in
0.130-MM capillary tube. Nanoscale Micro-scale Thermophys. Eng.
6(2), 85-97.
[17] Kandlikar, S.G., Joshi S. & Tian S. (2003). Effect of surface roughness
on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics at low Reynolds number in
small diameter tubes. Heat Transfer Eng. 24, 4-16.
[18] Kandlikar, S.G., Schmitt, D., Carano, A. L.& Taylor, J. B. (2005).
Characterization of surface roughness effects on pressure drop in singlephase
flow in minichannels, Phys. Fluids, 17, 100606-(1-11).
[19] Adams, T.M., Abdel-Khalik, S. I., Jeter, M. & Qureshi, Z. H. (1997). An
Experimental investigation of single-phase forced convection in microchannels,
Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 41(6-7), 851-857.
[20] Yang,C.-Y. & Lin,T.-Y. (2007). Heat transfer characteristics of water
flow in microtubes, Exp. Therm Flu sci., 32, 432-439.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:65106", author = "Mesbah. M. Salem and Mohamed. H. Elhsnawi and Saleh B. Mohamed", title = "Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness Effect on Single Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Micro-Tube", abstract = "An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of surface roughness on friction factor and heat transfer characteristics in single-phase fluid flow in a stainless steel micro-tube having diameter of 0.85 mm and average internal surface roughness of 1.7 μm with relative surface roughness of 0.002. Distilled water and R134a liquids were used as the working fluids and testing was conducted with Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 10,000 covering laminar, transition and turbulent flow conditions. The experiments were conducted with the micro-tube oriented horizontally with uniform heat fluxes applied at the test section. The results indicated that the friction factor of both water and R134a can be predicted by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar flow and the modified Miller correlation for turbulent flow and early transition from laminar to turbulent flows. The heat transfer results of water and R134a were in good agreement with the conventional theory in the laminar flow region and lower than the Adam’s correlation for turbulent flow region which deviates from conventional theory.
", keywords = "Pressure drop, heat transfer, distilled water, R134a, micro-tube, laminar and turbulent flow. ", volume = "7", number = "9", pages = "1821-5", }
