Experimental and Statistical Study of Nonlinear Effect of Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites
In this study concept of experimental design is
successfully applied for the determination of optimum condition to
produce PP/SWCNT (Polypropylene/Single wall carbon nanotube)
nanocomposite. Central composite design as one of experimental
design techniques is employed for the optimization and statistical
determination of the significant factors influencing on the tensile
modulus and yield stress as mechanical properties of this
nanocomposite. The significant factors are SWCNT weight fraction
and acid treatment time for functionalizing the nanoparticles.
Optimum conditions are in 0.7 % of SWCNT weight fraction and 210
min as acid treatment time for 1112.75 ± 28 MPa as maximum tensile
modulus and in 216 min and 0.65 % as acid treatment time and
SWCNT weight fraction respectively for 40.26 ± 0.3 MPa as
maximum yield stress. Also after setting new experiments for test
these optimum conditions, found excelent agreement with predicted
values.
[1] Iijima, S. "Helical mircotubles of graphitic carbon". Nature. 1991, 354,
pp. 56-58.
[2] Ramanathan, T.; Liu, H.; Brinson, L.C. "Functionalized SWNT/polymer
nanocomposites fordramatic property improvement". J. Polym. Sci. B.
Polym. Phys. 2005, 43, 2269.
[3] Zhang, Q.; Rastigi, S.; Chen, D.; Lippits, D.; Lemstra, P.J. Low
percolation threshold in singlewalled carbon nanotubes/high density
polyethylene composites prepared by melt processing technique".
Carbon, 2006, 44, 778.
[4] Ashrafi, B.; Hubert, P. "Modeling the elastic properties of carbon
nanotube array/polymer composites". Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66,
387.
[5] Yang, J.; Lin, Y.;Wang, J.; Lai, M.; Li, J.; Liu, J.; Tong, X.; Cheng, H.
"Morphology, thermal stability and dynamicmechanical properties of
atactic polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites". J. Appl. Polym.
Sci. 2005, 98, 1087.
[6] A. Fereidoon, M. Ghorbanzadeh, S. Saedodin, "Study of the Non-
isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behaviours of
Polypropylene Reinforced with Single - Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nanocomposite", Macromol. Mater. Eng. Part B: Physics, 2008, 48, 25-
40.
[7] M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, A. Fereidoon, S. Saedodin, " Mechanical
and thermal properties of PP/compatibilized PP/acid treated "SWNTs
nanocomposites: Effect of different acid treatment times", Journal of e-
Polymers, 2008 Ïî volume 153.
[8] A. Fereidoon, M. Ghorbanzadeh, S. Saeidodin, "A DSC study on the
non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/ single-walled
carbon Nanotube nanocomposite", Taylor and Francis Ltd, Polymer-
Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2009, 48(6), 579-586.
[9] M. Razavi-nouri, M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, A. Fereidoon, "Effect of
carbon nanotubes content on crystallization kinetics and morphology of
propylene"; Polymer Testing, (28) (1) (2009) 46-52.
[10] M. Ghorbanzadeh, A. Fereidoon, N. Kordani, H. Garmabi, "Effect of
nano-nucleating agent addition on the isothermal and nonisothermal
crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene"; Polymer. Bulletin.
Article in Press, 2010.
[11] Kim, Y.; Lee. D.; Oh, Y.; Choi, J.; Baik, S. Syn. Met. 2006, 156, 999.
[12] Chen, C. M.; Chen, M.; Peng, Y. W.; Lin, C. H.; Chang, L. W.; Chen,
C. F. "Microwave digestion and acidic treatment procedures for the
purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes". Diamond. Relat. Mater.
2005, 14(3-7), 798-803.
[13] Li, H.; Feng, L.; Guan, L.; Shi, Z.; Gu, Z. "Synthesis and purification of
single-walled carbon nanotubes in the cottonlike soot", Solid. State.
Commun, 2004, 132, 219-224.
[14] Jiang, G.; Wang, L.; Chen, C.; Dong, X.; Chen, T.; Yu, H. "Study on.
Attachment of Branched Molecules on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes",
Mater. Lett. 2005, 59, 2085-2089.
[15] Goyanes, S.; Robiolo, G. R.; Salazar. A.; Jimeno, A.; Corcuera, M. A.;
Mondragon, I. "Carboxylation treatment of multiwalled carbon
nanotubes monitored by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopies and
scanning probe microscopy", Diamond. Relat. Mater. 2007, 16, 412-
417.
[16] R. L. Mason, R. F. Gunst, J. L. Hess, "Statistical Design and Analysis of
Experiments, with Applications to Engineering and Science", John
Wiley and Sons Inc. (An International Thomason Publishing, Europe,
London, 1V7AA), Hoboken, NJ, 2003, ISBN: 0471372161.
[17] R. Learadi, "Experimental design in chemistry: A tutorial", Analytical
Chimica Acta, 2009, 652, 161-172.
[18] A. Mirmohseni, S. Zavareh, "Preparation and characterization of an
epoxy nanocomposite toughened by combination of thermoplastic,
layerd and particulate nano-fillers", Materials and Design, 2010, 31,
2699-2706.
[19] Zhang, Y.; Shi, Z.; Gu, Z.; Iijima, S. "Structure modification of singlewall
carbon nanotubes", Carbon, 2000, 38, 2055-2059.
[20] Jung, D. H.; Koan, K. o. Y.; Jung, H. T. "Aggregation behavior of
chemically attached poly (ethylene glycol) to single-walled carbon
nanotubes ropes". Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2004, 24, 117-121.
[21] Marshal, M. W.; Popa-Nita, S.; Shapter, J. G. "Measurement of
functionalised carbon nanotube carboxylic acid groups using a simple
chemical process". Carbon 2006, 44, 1137-1141.
[22] Zhihui, Y.; Yajie, Z.; Xiaomin, Z.; Jinghua, Y. "Effects of the
compatibilizer PP-g-GMA on morphology and mechanical properties of
PP/PC blends", Polymer, 1998, 39, 547-551.
[23] D. C. Montgomery, G. C. Runger, N. F. Hubele, "Engineering
Statistics", John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2001.
[24] G. G. Vining, "Statistical Methods for Engineers", Duxburg Press, An
International Thomason Publishing, Europe, London 1V7AA, 2003.
[1] Iijima, S. "Helical mircotubles of graphitic carbon". Nature. 1991, 354,
pp. 56-58.
[2] Ramanathan, T.; Liu, H.; Brinson, L.C. "Functionalized SWNT/polymer
nanocomposites fordramatic property improvement". J. Polym. Sci. B.
Polym. Phys. 2005, 43, 2269.
[3] Zhang, Q.; Rastigi, S.; Chen, D.; Lippits, D.; Lemstra, P.J. Low
percolation threshold in singlewalled carbon nanotubes/high density
polyethylene composites prepared by melt processing technique".
Carbon, 2006, 44, 778.
[4] Ashrafi, B.; Hubert, P. "Modeling the elastic properties of carbon
nanotube array/polymer composites". Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66,
387.
[5] Yang, J.; Lin, Y.;Wang, J.; Lai, M.; Li, J.; Liu, J.; Tong, X.; Cheng, H.
"Morphology, thermal stability and dynamicmechanical properties of
atactic polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites". J. Appl. Polym.
Sci. 2005, 98, 1087.
[6] A. Fereidoon, M. Ghorbanzadeh, S. Saedodin, "Study of the Non-
isothermal Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behaviours of
Polypropylene Reinforced with Single - Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Nanocomposite", Macromol. Mater. Eng. Part B: Physics, 2008, 48, 25-
40.
[7] M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, A. Fereidoon, S. Saedodin, " Mechanical
and thermal properties of PP/compatibilized PP/acid treated "SWNTs
nanocomposites: Effect of different acid treatment times", Journal of e-
Polymers, 2008 Ïî volume 153.
[8] A. Fereidoon, M. Ghorbanzadeh, S. Saeidodin, "A DSC study on the
non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/ single-walled
carbon Nanotube nanocomposite", Taylor and Francis Ltd, Polymer-
Plastics Technology and Engineering, 2009, 48(6), 579-586.
[9] M. Razavi-nouri, M. Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari, A. Fereidoon, "Effect of
carbon nanotubes content on crystallization kinetics and morphology of
propylene"; Polymer Testing, (28) (1) (2009) 46-52.
[10] M. Ghorbanzadeh, A. Fereidoon, N. Kordani, H. Garmabi, "Effect of
nano-nucleating agent addition on the isothermal and nonisothermal
crystallization kinetics of isotactic polypropylene"; Polymer. Bulletin.
Article in Press, 2010.
[11] Kim, Y.; Lee. D.; Oh, Y.; Choi, J.; Baik, S. Syn. Met. 2006, 156, 999.
[12] Chen, C. M.; Chen, M.; Peng, Y. W.; Lin, C. H.; Chang, L. W.; Chen,
C. F. "Microwave digestion and acidic treatment procedures for the
purification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes". Diamond. Relat. Mater.
2005, 14(3-7), 798-803.
[13] Li, H.; Feng, L.; Guan, L.; Shi, Z.; Gu, Z. "Synthesis and purification of
single-walled carbon nanotubes in the cottonlike soot", Solid. State.
Commun, 2004, 132, 219-224.
[14] Jiang, G.; Wang, L.; Chen, C.; Dong, X.; Chen, T.; Yu, H. "Study on.
Attachment of Branched Molecules on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes",
Mater. Lett. 2005, 59, 2085-2089.
[15] Goyanes, S.; Robiolo, G. R.; Salazar. A.; Jimeno, A.; Corcuera, M. A.;
Mondragon, I. "Carboxylation treatment of multiwalled carbon
nanotubes monitored by infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopies and
scanning probe microscopy", Diamond. Relat. Mater. 2007, 16, 412-
417.
[16] R. L. Mason, R. F. Gunst, J. L. Hess, "Statistical Design and Analysis of
Experiments, with Applications to Engineering and Science", John
Wiley and Sons Inc. (An International Thomason Publishing, Europe,
London, 1V7AA), Hoboken, NJ, 2003, ISBN: 0471372161.
[17] R. Learadi, "Experimental design in chemistry: A tutorial", Analytical
Chimica Acta, 2009, 652, 161-172.
[18] A. Mirmohseni, S. Zavareh, "Preparation and characterization of an
epoxy nanocomposite toughened by combination of thermoplastic,
layerd and particulate nano-fillers", Materials and Design, 2010, 31,
2699-2706.
[19] Zhang, Y.; Shi, Z.; Gu, Z.; Iijima, S. "Structure modification of singlewall
carbon nanotubes", Carbon, 2000, 38, 2055-2059.
[20] Jung, D. H.; Koan, K. o. Y.; Jung, H. T. "Aggregation behavior of
chemically attached poly (ethylene glycol) to single-walled carbon
nanotubes ropes". Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 2004, 24, 117-121.
[21] Marshal, M. W.; Popa-Nita, S.; Shapter, J. G. "Measurement of
functionalised carbon nanotube carboxylic acid groups using a simple
chemical process". Carbon 2006, 44, 1137-1141.
[22] Zhihui, Y.; Yajie, Z.; Xiaomin, Z.; Jinghua, Y. "Effects of the
compatibilizer PP-g-GMA on morphology and mechanical properties of
PP/PC blends", Polymer, 1998, 39, 547-551.
[23] D. C. Montgomery, G. C. Runger, N. F. Hubele, "Engineering
Statistics", John Wiley and Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2001.
[24] G. G. Vining, "Statistical Methods for Engineers", Duxburg Press, An
International Thomason Publishing, Europe, London 1V7AA, 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:58889", author = "Y. Rostamiyan and A. Fereidoon and Abdollah Omrani and D.Ganji and N. Kordani and Vahid Sharifi", title = "Experimental and Statistical Study of Nonlinear Effect of Carbon Nanotube on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composites", abstract = "In this study concept of experimental design is
successfully applied for the determination of optimum condition to
produce PP/SWCNT (Polypropylene/Single wall carbon nanotube)
nanocomposite. Central composite design as one of experimental
design techniques is employed for the optimization and statistical
determination of the significant factors influencing on the tensile
modulus and yield stress as mechanical properties of this
nanocomposite. The significant factors are SWCNT weight fraction
and acid treatment time for functionalizing the nanoparticles.
Optimum conditions are in 0.7 % of SWCNT weight fraction and 210
min as acid treatment time for 1112.75 ± 28 MPa as maximum tensile
modulus and in 216 min and 0.65 % as acid treatment time and
SWCNT weight fraction respectively for 40.26 ± 0.3 MPa as
maximum yield stress. Also after setting new experiments for test
these optimum conditions, found excelent agreement with predicted
values.", keywords = "Polypropylene, carbon nanotube, nanocomposites,Central composite design", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "1847-7", }
