Examining the Pearlite Growth Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy
A method of collecting composition data and examining structural features of pearlite lamellae and the parent austenite at the growth interface in a 13wt. % manganese steel has been demonstrated with the use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). The combination of composition data and the structural features observed at the growth interface show that available theories of pearlite growth cannot explain all the observations.
<p>[1] H. C. Sorby, “On the microscopic structures of iron and study of
microscopic structures of steel,” J. Iron and Steel Inst., vol. 1, pp. 140,
1886.
[2] C. Zener, “Kinetics of the decomposition of austenite,” Trans. Met. Soc.
AIME., vol. 167, pp. 550, 1945.
[3] M. Hillert, “The formation of pearlite,” in Decomposition of austenite by
diffusional processes, F. Zackay and H. I. Aaronson, Ed. John Wiley
New York, 1962, pp. 197.
[4] M. Hillert, “On theories of growth during discontinuous precipitation,”
Metall. Trans., vol. 3, pp. 2729. 1972.
[5] S. A. Hackney and G. J. Shiflet, “Pearlite growth mechanism,” Acta.
Metall., vol. 35, pp. 1019, 1987.
[6] M. J. Whiting and P. Tsakiropoulos, “Ledge mechanism of pearlite
growth: growth velocity of ferrous pearlite,” Mater. Sci. Technol., vol.
11, pp. 977, 1995.
[7] S. A. Al-Salman and N. Ridley, “Partitioning of nickel during pearlite
growth,” Scr. Metall., vol. 18, pp. 789, 1984.
[8] S. A. Al-Salman, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Partitioning of silicon
during pearlite growth in a eutectoid steel,”Acta Metall., vol. 27, pp.
1391, 1979.
[9] S. A. Al-Salman, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Pearlite growth
kinetics and partitioning in a Cr-Mn eutectoid Steel.” Metall. Trans. A,
vol. 10, pp. 1703, 1979.
[10] J. Chance and N. Ridley, “Chromium partitioning during isothermal
transformation of a eutectoid steel,”Metall. Trans. A, vol. 12A, pp. 1205,
1981.
[11] N. A. Razik, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “An investigation of
manganese partitioning during the austenite-pearlite transformation
using analytical electron microscopy,”Acta Metall., vol. 22, pp. 1249,
1974.
[12] N. A. Razik, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Chromium partitioning
during the austenite pearlite transformation,”Metall. Trans. A, vol. 7, pp.
209, 1976.
[13] N. Ridley and D. Burgess, “Partitioning of Co during pearlite growth in
a eutectoid steel,” Metal Science, vol. 18, pp. 7, 1984.
[14] N. Ridley, M. A. Malik and G. W. Lorimer, “Partitioning and pearlite
growth kinetics in a Ni-Cr eutectoid steel,”Mater. Charact., vol. 25, pp.
125, 1990.
[15] R. J. Dippenaar and R. W. K. Honeycombe, “The crystallography and
nucleation of pearlite,” Proc. R. Soc. A, vol. 333, pp. 455, 1973.
[16] D. S. Zhou and G. J Shiflet, “Interfacial steps and growth mechanism in
ferrous pearlite,” Metall. Trans. A, vol. 22A, pp. 1394, 1991.
[17] D. L. Lee and C. G. Park, “Sequential branching by ledge migration for
the sidewise growth of pearlite,” Scr. Metall. Mater., vol. 32, pp. 907,
1995.
[18] M-X. Zhang and P. M. Kelly, “The morphology and formation
mechanism of pearlite in steels,” Mater. Charact.,vol. 60, pp. 545, 2009.
[19] G. Cliff and G. W. Lorimer, “The quantitative analysis of thin
specimens,”J. Micro., vol. 103, pp. 203, 1975.
[20] G. Raynor, “Phase equilibria in iron ternary alloys: a critical assessment
of experimental literature,” Inst. Metals, pp. 174, 1988.
[21] F. A. Khaild and D. V. Edmonds,“Observations concerning
transformation interfaces in steel,”Acta Metall., vol. 41, pp. 3421, 1993.
[22] T. Chairuangsri and D. V. Edmonds, “The precipitation of copper in
abnormal ferrite and pearlite in hyper-eutectoid steels,”Acta Mater., vol.
48, pp. 3931, 2000.</p>
<p>[1] H. C. Sorby, “On the microscopic structures of iron and study of
microscopic structures of steel,” J. Iron and Steel Inst., vol. 1, pp. 140,
1886.
[2] C. Zener, “Kinetics of the decomposition of austenite,” Trans. Met. Soc.
AIME., vol. 167, pp. 550, 1945.
[3] M. Hillert, “The formation of pearlite,” in Decomposition of austenite by
diffusional processes, F. Zackay and H. I. Aaronson, Ed. John Wiley
New York, 1962, pp. 197.
[4] M. Hillert, “On theories of growth during discontinuous precipitation,”
Metall. Trans., vol. 3, pp. 2729. 1972.
[5] S. A. Hackney and G. J. Shiflet, “Pearlite growth mechanism,” Acta.
Metall., vol. 35, pp. 1019, 1987.
[6] M. J. Whiting and P. Tsakiropoulos, “Ledge mechanism of pearlite
growth: growth velocity of ferrous pearlite,” Mater. Sci. Technol., vol.
11, pp. 977, 1995.
[7] S. A. Al-Salman and N. Ridley, “Partitioning of nickel during pearlite
growth,” Scr. Metall., vol. 18, pp. 789, 1984.
[8] S. A. Al-Salman, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Partitioning of silicon
during pearlite growth in a eutectoid steel,”Acta Metall., vol. 27, pp.
1391, 1979.
[9] S. A. Al-Salman, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Pearlite growth
kinetics and partitioning in a Cr-Mn eutectoid Steel.” Metall. Trans. A,
vol. 10, pp. 1703, 1979.
[10] J. Chance and N. Ridley, “Chromium partitioning during isothermal
transformation of a eutectoid steel,”Metall. Trans. A, vol. 12A, pp. 1205,
1981.
[11] N. A. Razik, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “An investigation of
manganese partitioning during the austenite-pearlite transformation
using analytical electron microscopy,”Acta Metall., vol. 22, pp. 1249,
1974.
[12] N. A. Razik, G. W. Lorimer and N. Ridley, “Chromium partitioning
during the austenite pearlite transformation,”Metall. Trans. A, vol. 7, pp.
209, 1976.
[13] N. Ridley and D. Burgess, “Partitioning of Co during pearlite growth in
a eutectoid steel,” Metal Science, vol. 18, pp. 7, 1984.
[14] N. Ridley, M. A. Malik and G. W. Lorimer, “Partitioning and pearlite
growth kinetics in a Ni-Cr eutectoid steel,”Mater. Charact., vol. 25, pp.
125, 1990.
[15] R. J. Dippenaar and R. W. K. Honeycombe, “The crystallography and
nucleation of pearlite,” Proc. R. Soc. A, vol. 333, pp. 455, 1973.
[16] D. S. Zhou and G. J Shiflet, “Interfacial steps and growth mechanism in
ferrous pearlite,” Metall. Trans. A, vol. 22A, pp. 1394, 1991.
[17] D. L. Lee and C. G. Park, “Sequential branching by ledge migration for
the sidewise growth of pearlite,” Scr. Metall. Mater., vol. 32, pp. 907,
1995.
[18] M-X. Zhang and P. M. Kelly, “The morphology and formation
mechanism of pearlite in steels,” Mater. Charact.,vol. 60, pp. 545, 2009.
[19] G. Cliff and G. W. Lorimer, “The quantitative analysis of thin
specimens,”J. Micro., vol. 103, pp. 203, 1975.
[20] G. Raynor, “Phase equilibria in iron ternary alloys: a critical assessment
of experimental literature,” Inst. Metals, pp. 174, 1988.
[21] F. A. Khaild and D. V. Edmonds,“Observations concerning
transformation interfaces in steel,”Acta Metall., vol. 41, pp. 3421, 1993.
[22] T. Chairuangsri and D. V. Edmonds, “The precipitation of copper in
abnormal ferrite and pearlite in hyper-eutectoid steels,”Acta Mater., vol.
48, pp. 3931, 2000.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:63599", author = "R. E. Waters and M. J. Whiting and V. Stolojan", title = "Examining the Pearlite Growth Interface in a Fe-C-Mn Alloy", abstract = "A method of collecting composition data and examining structural features of pearlite lamellae and the parent austenite at the growth interface in a 13wt. % manganese steel has been demonstrated with the use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). The combination of composition data and the structural features observed at the growth interface show that available theories of pearlite growth cannot explain all the observations.
", keywords = "Interfaces, Phase transformations, Pearlite, Scanning
Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM).", volume = "7", number = "7", pages = "568-4", }
