Examining Herzberg-s Two Factor Theory in a Large Chinese Chemical Fiber Company
The validity of Herzberg-s Two-Factor Theory of
Motivation was tested empirically by surveying 2372 chemical fiber
employees in 2012. In the valid sample of 1875 respondents, the
degree of overall job satisfaction was more than moderate. The most
highly valued components of job satisfaction were: “corporate image,"
“collaborative working atmosphere," and “supervisor-s expertise";
whereas the lowest mean score was 34.65 for “job rotation and
promotion." The top three job retention options rated by the
participants were “good image of the enterprise," “good
compensation," and “workplace is close to my residence." The overall
evaluation of the level of thriving facilitation workplace reached
almost to “mostly agree." For those participants who chose at least
one motivator as their job retention options had significantly greater
job satisfaction than those who chose only hygiene factors as their
retention options. Therefore, Herzberg-s Two-Factor Theory of
Motivation was proven valid in this study.
[1] G. Spreitzer, and C. L. Porath, "Creating sustainable performance,"
Harvard Business Review, vol. 90, issue 1, pp. 93-99, Jan.-Feb. 2012.
[2] J. G. Caillier, "Funding, management, and individual-level factors: What
factors matter in predicting perceived organizational effectiveness?",
International Journal of Public Administration, vol. 34, no. 7, pp.
413-423, June 2011.
[3] N. K. Natarajan, and D. Nagar, "Induction age, training duration & job
performance on organizational commitment & job satisfaction," Indian
Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 46, issue 3, pp. 491-497, 2011.
[4] L. M. Giallonardo, C. A. Wong, and C. Iwasiw, "Authentic leadership of
preceptors: Preceptor of new graduate nurses' work engagement and job
satisfaction," Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 18, issue 8, pp.
993-1003, Nov. 2010.
[5] T. L. Zontek, C. C. DuVernois, and B. R. Ogle, "Job satisfaction and
issues related to the retention of environmental health professionals in
North Carolina," Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 72, no. 3, pp.
10-15, Oct. 2009.
[6] E. B. Faragher, M. Cass, and C. L. Cooper, "The relationship between job
satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis," Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, vol. 62, issue 2, pp. 105-112, Feb. 2005.
[7] T. Noviantoro, "Job satisfaction and life satisfaction relationship among
female Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan," unpublished master-s
thesis, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, 2010.
[8] L. M. Chin, "The study of the influences of current economical situation
in Taiwan upon human resource management practices - case of SMEs of
IT industry," unpublished master-s thesis, University of Yuan Ze,
Taoyuan County, Taiwan, 2003.
[9] C. P. Finn, "Autonomy: An important component for nurses- job
satisfaction," International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 38, issue 3,
pp. 349-357, June 2001.
[10] M. M. Nurul Kabir, and M. M. Parvin, "Factors affecting employee job
satisfaction of pharmaceutical sector," Australian Journal of Business and
Management Research, vol.1, no. 9, pp. 113-123, Dec. 2011.
[11] P. E. Spector, "Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and
consequences," Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.
[12] R. M. D. B. Llorente, and E. F. Macías, "Job satisfaction as an indicator of
the quality of work," The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 34, issue 5, pp.
656-673, Oct. 2005.
[13] H. Lu., A. E. While, and K. L. Barriball, "A model of job satisfaction of
nurses: A reflection of nurses- working lives in Mainland China," Journal
of Advanced Nursing, vol. 58, issue 5, pp. 468-479, June 2007.
[14] L. J. Liang, C. H. Lai, and W. L. Wang, "The relationship between
organizational culture and employee satisfaction: The mediating effects of
job stress," Performance and Strategy Research, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17-34,
Mar. 2010.
[15] M. L. Yang, "The effects of transformational leadership on PR
practitioners' job satisfaction in Taiwan's PR agencies," Zhongguo Jingji
Pinglun, vol. 19, issue 6, pp. 27-36, June 2009.
[16] W. S. Liou, and H. M. Chuang, "A survey of job satisfaction and its
related factors of home-care service workers for the elderly: A case of
Eden Social Welfare Foundation," Community Development, issue 125,
pp. 454-471, June 2009.
[17] S. C. Huang, "A study of relationships among the salary management,
salary satisfaction and job satisfaction," unpublished master-s thesis,
National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, 2007.
[18] Y. C. Lu, and S. H. Ko, "Research on job satisfaction of child care
providers in Taipei County," Department of Living Science Journal,
vol.12, pp. 111-140, Dec. 2008.
[19] C. M. Shih, and J. Y. Chen, "Perceptions of organization ethical culture
and job satisfactions: A survey of bank professionals," Journal of Applied
Ethics Teaching and Research, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 66-76, Jan. 2006.
[20] S. W. Hsu, Y. J. Kuo, and H. H. Chen, "A study on the relationship among
the internal service quality, job satisfaction and employee loyalty of the
employees working in the food and beverage department of an
international tourist hotel-taking the organizational culture as an
extraneous variable," Journal of Hospitality and Home Economics, vol. 7,
no. 1, pp. 25-53, Mar. 2010.
[21] K. Bhatnagar, K. Srivastave, A. Singh, and S. L. Jadav, "A preliminary
study to measure and develop job satisfaction scale for medical teachers,"
Industrial Psychiatry Journal, vol.20, issue 2, pp. 91-96, Jul-Dec 2011.
[22] Y. C. Huang, "The study on the relationship among job rotation,
organizational justice, and organizational commitment," unpublished
master-s thesis, Da Yeh University, Changhu, Taiwan, 2010.
[23] Y. Z. Kuo, "A study of the relationship among leadership style,
personality, promoted system, and job satisfaction-Take the fifth branch
of Taiwan Water Corporation for example," unpublished master-s thesis,
Nanhua University, Chiayi County, Taiwan, 2011.
[24] S. Gazioglu, and A. Tansel, "Job satisfaction in Britain: individual and job
related factors," Applied Economics, vol. 38, issue 10, pp. 1163-1171,
2006.
[25] C. C. Lee, and P. C. Shen, "The study of the relationship among
organizational structure, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and
job performance - An example of the real estate brokers," Taiwan Land
Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65-103, May 2008.
[26] J. L. Liang, and H. Y. Mao, "A study about the relationship between
communication satisfaction and job Involvement - The cases of low-level
labor from Taiwan, Philipine, and Thailand," Communication and
Management Research, vol. 2, issue 1, pp. 23-46, July 2002.
[27] M. H. Lee, "The relationship among organizational culture,
organizational change and job satisfaction- An empirical study of
CHILIN," unpublished master-s thesis, University of National Cheng
Kung, Tainan, Taiwan, 2011.
[28] F. Herzberg, B. Mausner, and B. Snyderman, "The motivation to work,"
New York: John Wiley, 1959.
[29] M. E. Malik, and B. Naeem, "Towards understanding controversy on
Herzberg theory of motivation," Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific
Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 11936-11941, 2012.
[30] T. Teck-Hong, and A. Waheed, "Herzberg-s motivation-hygiene theory
and job satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector: The mediating effect of
love of money," Asian Academy of Management Journal, vol. 16, no. 1,
pp. 73-94, Jan. 2011.
[31] N. Bassett-Jones, and G. C. Lloyd, "Does Herzberg's motivation theory
have staying power?", Journal of Management Development, vol. 24, no.
10, pp. 929-934, Dec. 2005.
[32] G. Spreitzer, C. L. Porath, and C. B. Gibson, "Toward human
sustainability: How to enable more thriving at work," Organizational
Dynamics, vol. 41, issue 2, pp. 155-162, April-June 2012.
[33] H. P. Huang, "The effect of Two-Factor Theory on job involvement,"
unpublished master-s thesis, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung City,
Taiwan, 2009.
[34] Y. T. Kuan, "A study on the job satisfaction of social welfare
institutions-employees based on F. Herzberg-s Two Factors Theory,"
unpublished master-s thesis, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan,
2009.
[35] T. H. Yang, "An empirical study of Federick Herzberg-s Two-Factor
Theory and teacher-s teaching effectiveness ´╝ì A survey of elementary
school teachers in Taipei County," unpublished master-s thesis, Natural
Taipei University of Education, Taipei City, Taiwan, 2005.
[36] H. C. Liu, "Employee-s non-financial reward preference," unpublished
master-s thesis, Natural Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan,
2008.
[1] G. Spreitzer, and C. L. Porath, "Creating sustainable performance,"
Harvard Business Review, vol. 90, issue 1, pp. 93-99, Jan.-Feb. 2012.
[2] J. G. Caillier, "Funding, management, and individual-level factors: What
factors matter in predicting perceived organizational effectiveness?",
International Journal of Public Administration, vol. 34, no. 7, pp.
413-423, June 2011.
[3] N. K. Natarajan, and D. Nagar, "Induction age, training duration & job
performance on organizational commitment & job satisfaction," Indian
Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 46, issue 3, pp. 491-497, 2011.
[4] L. M. Giallonardo, C. A. Wong, and C. Iwasiw, "Authentic leadership of
preceptors: Preceptor of new graduate nurses' work engagement and job
satisfaction," Journal of Nursing Management, vol. 18, issue 8, pp.
993-1003, Nov. 2010.
[5] T. L. Zontek, C. C. DuVernois, and B. R. Ogle, "Job satisfaction and
issues related to the retention of environmental health professionals in
North Carolina," Journal of Environmental Health, vol. 72, no. 3, pp.
10-15, Oct. 2009.
[6] E. B. Faragher, M. Cass, and C. L. Cooper, "The relationship between job
satisfaction and health: A meta-analysis," Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, vol. 62, issue 2, pp. 105-112, Feb. 2005.
[7] T. Noviantoro, "Job satisfaction and life satisfaction relationship among
female Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan," unpublished master-s
thesis, National Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, 2010.
[8] L. M. Chin, "The study of the influences of current economical situation
in Taiwan upon human resource management practices - case of SMEs of
IT industry," unpublished master-s thesis, University of Yuan Ze,
Taoyuan County, Taiwan, 2003.
[9] C. P. Finn, "Autonomy: An important component for nurses- job
satisfaction," International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 38, issue 3,
pp. 349-357, June 2001.
[10] M. M. Nurul Kabir, and M. M. Parvin, "Factors affecting employee job
satisfaction of pharmaceutical sector," Australian Journal of Business and
Management Research, vol.1, no. 9, pp. 113-123, Dec. 2011.
[11] P. E. Spector, "Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, causes, and
consequences," Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.
[12] R. M. D. B. Llorente, and E. F. Macías, "Job satisfaction as an indicator of
the quality of work," The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol. 34, issue 5, pp.
656-673, Oct. 2005.
[13] H. Lu., A. E. While, and K. L. Barriball, "A model of job satisfaction of
nurses: A reflection of nurses- working lives in Mainland China," Journal
of Advanced Nursing, vol. 58, issue 5, pp. 468-479, June 2007.
[14] L. J. Liang, C. H. Lai, and W. L. Wang, "The relationship between
organizational culture and employee satisfaction: The mediating effects of
job stress," Performance and Strategy Research, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17-34,
Mar. 2010.
[15] M. L. Yang, "The effects of transformational leadership on PR
practitioners' job satisfaction in Taiwan's PR agencies," Zhongguo Jingji
Pinglun, vol. 19, issue 6, pp. 27-36, June 2009.
[16] W. S. Liou, and H. M. Chuang, "A survey of job satisfaction and its
related factors of home-care service workers for the elderly: A case of
Eden Social Welfare Foundation," Community Development, issue 125,
pp. 454-471, June 2009.
[17] S. C. Huang, "A study of relationships among the salary management,
salary satisfaction and job satisfaction," unpublished master-s thesis,
National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, 2007.
[18] Y. C. Lu, and S. H. Ko, "Research on job satisfaction of child care
providers in Taipei County," Department of Living Science Journal,
vol.12, pp. 111-140, Dec. 2008.
[19] C. M. Shih, and J. Y. Chen, "Perceptions of organization ethical culture
and job satisfactions: A survey of bank professionals," Journal of Applied
Ethics Teaching and Research, vol. 1, issue 1, pp. 66-76, Jan. 2006.
[20] S. W. Hsu, Y. J. Kuo, and H. H. Chen, "A study on the relationship among
the internal service quality, job satisfaction and employee loyalty of the
employees working in the food and beverage department of an
international tourist hotel-taking the organizational culture as an
extraneous variable," Journal of Hospitality and Home Economics, vol. 7,
no. 1, pp. 25-53, Mar. 2010.
[21] K. Bhatnagar, K. Srivastave, A. Singh, and S. L. Jadav, "A preliminary
study to measure and develop job satisfaction scale for medical teachers,"
Industrial Psychiatry Journal, vol.20, issue 2, pp. 91-96, Jul-Dec 2011.
[22] Y. C. Huang, "The study on the relationship among job rotation,
organizational justice, and organizational commitment," unpublished
master-s thesis, Da Yeh University, Changhu, Taiwan, 2010.
[23] Y. Z. Kuo, "A study of the relationship among leadership style,
personality, promoted system, and job satisfaction-Take the fifth branch
of Taiwan Water Corporation for example," unpublished master-s thesis,
Nanhua University, Chiayi County, Taiwan, 2011.
[24] S. Gazioglu, and A. Tansel, "Job satisfaction in Britain: individual and job
related factors," Applied Economics, vol. 38, issue 10, pp. 1163-1171,
2006.
[25] C. C. Lee, and P. C. Shen, "The study of the relationship among
organizational structure, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and
job performance - An example of the real estate brokers," Taiwan Land
Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 65-103, May 2008.
[26] J. L. Liang, and H. Y. Mao, "A study about the relationship between
communication satisfaction and job Involvement - The cases of low-level
labor from Taiwan, Philipine, and Thailand," Communication and
Management Research, vol. 2, issue 1, pp. 23-46, July 2002.
[27] M. H. Lee, "The relationship among organizational culture,
organizational change and job satisfaction- An empirical study of
CHILIN," unpublished master-s thesis, University of National Cheng
Kung, Tainan, Taiwan, 2011.
[28] F. Herzberg, B. Mausner, and B. Snyderman, "The motivation to work,"
New York: John Wiley, 1959.
[29] M. E. Malik, and B. Naeem, "Towards understanding controversy on
Herzberg theory of motivation," Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific
Research, vol. 2, no. 11, pp. 11936-11941, 2012.
[30] T. Teck-Hong, and A. Waheed, "Herzberg-s motivation-hygiene theory
and job satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector: The mediating effect of
love of money," Asian Academy of Management Journal, vol. 16, no. 1,
pp. 73-94, Jan. 2011.
[31] N. Bassett-Jones, and G. C. Lloyd, "Does Herzberg's motivation theory
have staying power?", Journal of Management Development, vol. 24, no.
10, pp. 929-934, Dec. 2005.
[32] G. Spreitzer, C. L. Porath, and C. B. Gibson, "Toward human
sustainability: How to enable more thriving at work," Organizational
Dynamics, vol. 41, issue 2, pp. 155-162, April-June 2012.
[33] H. P. Huang, "The effect of Two-Factor Theory on job involvement,"
unpublished master-s thesis, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung City,
Taiwan, 2009.
[34] Y. T. Kuan, "A study on the job satisfaction of social welfare
institutions-employees based on F. Herzberg-s Two Factors Theory,"
unpublished master-s thesis, Shih Chien University, Taipei City, Taiwan,
2009.
[35] T. H. Yang, "An empirical study of Federick Herzberg-s Two-Factor
Theory and teacher-s teaching effectiveness ´╝ì A survey of elementary
school teachers in Taipei County," unpublished master-s thesis, Natural
Taipei University of Education, Taipei City, Taiwan, 2005.
[36] H. C. Liu, "Employee-s non-financial reward preference," unpublished
master-s thesis, Natural Central University, Taoyuan County, Taiwan,
2008.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:55607", author = "Ju-Chun Chien", title = "Examining Herzberg-s Two Factor Theory in a Large Chinese Chemical Fiber Company", abstract = "The validity of Herzberg-s Two-Factor Theory of
Motivation was tested empirically by surveying 2372 chemical fiber
employees in 2012. In the valid sample of 1875 respondents, the
degree of overall job satisfaction was more than moderate. The most
highly valued components of job satisfaction were: “corporate image,"
“collaborative working atmosphere," and “supervisor-s expertise";
whereas the lowest mean score was 34.65 for “job rotation and
promotion." The top three job retention options rated by the
participants were “good image of the enterprise," “good
compensation," and “workplace is close to my residence." The overall
evaluation of the level of thriving facilitation workplace reached
almost to “mostly agree." For those participants who chose at least
one motivator as their job retention options had significantly greater
job satisfaction than those who chose only hygiene factors as their
retention options. Therefore, Herzberg-s Two-Factor Theory of
Motivation was proven valid in this study.", keywords = "Employee job satisfaction, Job retention, Traditional business, Two-factor theory of motivation.", volume = "7", number = "6", pages = "1566-6", }
