Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Simultaneous Co-Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cyanide Using Chitosan
The present study analyses the potential of acid treated chitosan for simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from a binary waste water solution. The effects of parameters like pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and adsorbent size were studied. At an optimum pH of 8, temperature of 30⁰C, initial phenol and cyanide concentration of 200 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively, adsorbent dose of 30 g/L and size between 0.4-0.6 mm the maximum percentage removal of phenol and cyanide was found to be 60.97% and 90.86% respectively. Amongst the adsorption isotherms applied extended Freundlich best depicted the adsorption of both phenol and cyanide based on lowest MPSD value. The kinetics depicted that chemisorption was the adsorption mechanism and intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate controlling step of the reaction. Thermodynamic studies revealed that phenol adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous whereas that of cyanide was an endothermic process.
[1] S. Mubarik, A. Saeed, Z. Mehmood, and M. Iqbal, "Phenol adsorption by charred sawdust of sheesham (Indian rosewood; Dalbergiasissoo) from single, binary and ternary contaminated solutions,” J. The Taiwan Inst. of Chem. Eng., vol. 32, pp. 926-933, 2012.
[2] B. Agarwal ,C.B. Majumder, and P.K. Thakur, "Simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from binary solution using granular activated carbon", Chem. Eng. J., vol. 228, pp. 655–664, 2013.
[3] M. Kilic, E. Apaydin-Varol, and A. E. Putun, "Adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from tobacco residues: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics", J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 189, pp. 397–403, 2011.
[4] R. Moran, Cyanide Uncertainties, Observations on the Chemistry, Toxicity, and Analysis of Cyanide in Mining-Related Waters, Mineral Policy Center, Protecting Communities and the Environment,1998.
[5] J. Michałowicz, and W. Duda, "Phenols – Sources and Toxicity", Polish J. of Environ. Stud., vol. 16, pp. 347-362, 2007.
[6] CERCLA, The Priority List of Hazardous Substances, Substance Priority List (SPL), from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) section 104 (i), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), 2007.
[7] G. Moussavi, and R. Khosravi, "Removal of cyanide from wastewater by adsorption onto pistachio hull wastes: Parametric experiments, kinetics and equilibrium analysis", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 183, pp. 724–730, 2010.
[8] A. Behnamfard, and M. Salarirad, "Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon", J. of Hazard. Mater, vol. 170, pp. 127-133, 2009.
[9] H. B. Senturk, D. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, C. Duran, and M. Soylak, "Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolubentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study", J. Hazard. Mater.,vol. 172, pp. 353–362, 2009.
[10] N. Gupta, C. Balomajumder, and V. K. Agarwal, "Adsorption of cyanide ion on pressmud surface: A modeling approach", Chem. Eng. J., vol.191, pp. 548– 556, 2012.
[11] C. Srivastava, M. M. Swamy, I. D. Mall, B. Prasad, and I. M. Mishra, "Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics", Colloids and Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 272, pp. 89–104, 2006.
[12] H. Deveci, E.Y. Yazici, I. Alp, and T. Uslu, "Removal of cyanide from aqueous solutions by plain and metal-impregnated granular activated carbons", Int. J. Miner. Process, vol. 79, pp. 198–208, 2006.
[13] M. Dash, F. Chiellini, R.M. Ottenbrite, and E. Chiellini, "Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications", Prog. in Poly. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 981–1014, 2011.
[14] J.M. Li , X.G. Meng , C.W. Hu, and J. Du, "Adsorption of phenol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol onto functional chitosan", Biores. Tech., vol. 100, pp. 1168–1173, 2009.
[15] S. Kumar, M. Zafar, J.K. Prajapati, S. Kumar, and S. Kannepalli, "Modeling studies on simultaneous adsorption of phenol and resorcinol onto granular activated carbon from simulated aqueous solution", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 185, pp. 287–294, 2011.
[16] M.D. Adams, "Removal of cyanide from solution using activated carbon", Minerals Eng., vol. 7, pp. 1165-1177, 1994.
[17] M.M. Swamy, "Studies on the treatment of phenolic wastewaters using adsorption and immobilized whole cells", Ph.D. thesis, University of Roorkee, India, 1998.
[18] K. Saltali, A. Sari, and M. Aydin, "Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution by natural Turkish (Yıldızeli) zeolite for environmental quality", J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 141, no. 3.pp. 258–263, 2007.
[19] A. H. Sulaymon, A. A. Mohammed, and T. J. Al-Musawi, "Competitive biosorption of lead, cadmium, copper, and arsenic ions using algae", Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 20, pp. 3011–3023, 2013.
[1] S. Mubarik, A. Saeed, Z. Mehmood, and M. Iqbal, "Phenol adsorption by charred sawdust of sheesham (Indian rosewood; Dalbergiasissoo) from single, binary and ternary contaminated solutions,” J. The Taiwan Inst. of Chem. Eng., vol. 32, pp. 926-933, 2012.
[2] B. Agarwal ,C.B. Majumder, and P.K. Thakur, "Simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from binary solution using granular activated carbon", Chem. Eng. J., vol. 228, pp. 655–664, 2013.
[3] M. Kilic, E. Apaydin-Varol, and A. E. Putun, "Adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from tobacco residues: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics", J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 189, pp. 397–403, 2011.
[4] R. Moran, Cyanide Uncertainties, Observations on the Chemistry, Toxicity, and Analysis of Cyanide in Mining-Related Waters, Mineral Policy Center, Protecting Communities and the Environment,1998.
[5] J. Michałowicz, and W. Duda, "Phenols – Sources and Toxicity", Polish J. of Environ. Stud., vol. 16, pp. 347-362, 2007.
[6] CERCLA, The Priority List of Hazardous Substances, Substance Priority List (SPL), from the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) section 104 (i), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), 2007.
[7] G. Moussavi, and R. Khosravi, "Removal of cyanide from wastewater by adsorption onto pistachio hull wastes: Parametric experiments, kinetics and equilibrium analysis", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 183, pp. 724–730, 2010.
[8] A. Behnamfard, and M. Salarirad, "Equilibrium and kinetic studies on free cyanide adsorption from aqueous solution by activated carbon", J. of Hazard. Mater, vol. 170, pp. 127-133, 2009.
[9] H. B. Senturk, D. Ozdes, A. Gundogdu, C. Duran, and M. Soylak, "Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolubentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study", J. Hazard. Mater.,vol. 172, pp. 353–362, 2009.
[10] N. Gupta, C. Balomajumder, and V. K. Agarwal, "Adsorption of cyanide ion on pressmud surface: A modeling approach", Chem. Eng. J., vol.191, pp. 548– 556, 2012.
[11] C. Srivastava, M. M. Swamy, I. D. Mall, B. Prasad, and I. M. Mishra, "Adsorptive removal of phenol by bagasse fly ash and activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics", Colloids and Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 272, pp. 89–104, 2006.
[12] H. Deveci, E.Y. Yazici, I. Alp, and T. Uslu, "Removal of cyanide from aqueous solutions by plain and metal-impregnated granular activated carbons", Int. J. Miner. Process, vol. 79, pp. 198–208, 2006.
[13] M. Dash, F. Chiellini, R.M. Ottenbrite, and E. Chiellini, "Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications", Prog. in Poly. Sci., vol. 36, pp. 981–1014, 2011.
[14] J.M. Li , X.G. Meng , C.W. Hu, and J. Du, "Adsorption of phenol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol onto functional chitosan", Biores. Tech., vol. 100, pp. 1168–1173, 2009.
[15] S. Kumar, M. Zafar, J.K. Prajapati, S. Kumar, and S. Kannepalli, "Modeling studies on simultaneous adsorption of phenol and resorcinol onto granular activated carbon from simulated aqueous solution", J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 185, pp. 287–294, 2011.
[16] M.D. Adams, "Removal of cyanide from solution using activated carbon", Minerals Eng., vol. 7, pp. 1165-1177, 1994.
[17] M.M. Swamy, "Studies on the treatment of phenolic wastewaters using adsorption and immobilized whole cells", Ph.D. thesis, University of Roorkee, India, 1998.
[18] K. Saltali, A. Sari, and M. Aydin, "Removal of ammonium ion from aqueous solution by natural Turkish (Yıldızeli) zeolite for environmental quality", J. Hazard. Mater. vol. 141, no. 3.pp. 258–263, 2007.
[19] A. H. Sulaymon, A. A. Mohammed, and T. J. Al-Musawi, "Competitive biosorption of lead, cadmium, copper, and arsenic ions using algae", Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 20, pp. 3011–3023, 2013.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:66262", author = "Bhumica Agarwal and Priya Sengupta and Chandrajit Balomajumder", title = "Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Simultaneous Co-Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cyanide Using Chitosan", abstract = "The present study analyses the potential of acid treated chitosan for simultaneous co-adsorptive removal of phenol and cyanide from a binary waste water solution. The effects of parameters like pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and adsorbent size were studied. At an optimum pH of 8, temperature of 30⁰C, initial phenol and cyanide concentration of 200 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively, adsorbent dose of 30 g/L and size between 0.4-0.6 mm the maximum percentage removal of phenol and cyanide was found to be 60.97% and 90.86% respectively. Amongst the adsorption isotherms applied extended Freundlich best depicted the adsorption of both phenol and cyanide based on lowest MPSD value. The kinetics depicted that chemisorption was the adsorption mechanism and intraparticle diffusion is not the only rate controlling step of the reaction. Thermodynamic studies revealed that phenol adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous whereas that of cyanide was an endothermic process.
", keywords = "Chitosan,Co-adsorption,Cyanide, Phenol.", volume = "7", number = "11", pages = "859-8", }
