Endometrial Cancer Recognition via EEG Dependent upon 14-3-3 Protein Leading to an Ontological Diagnosis
The purpose of my research proposal is to
demonstrate that there is a relationship between EEG and
endometrial cancer.
The above relationship is based on an Aristotelian Syllogism;
since it is known that the 14-3-3 protein is related to the electrical
activity of the brain via control of the flow of Na+ and K+ ions and
since it is also known that many types of cancer are associated with
14-3-3 protein, it is possible that there is a relationship between EEG
and cancer. This research will be carried out by well-defined
diagnostic indicators, obtained via the EEG, using signal processing
procedures and pattern recognition tools such as neural networks in
order to recognize the endometrial cancer type. The current research
shall compare the findings from EEG and hysteroscopy performed on
women of a wide age range. Moreover, this practice could be
expanded to other types of cancer. The implementation of this
methodology will be completed with the creation of an ontology.
This ontology shall define the concepts existing in this research-s
domain and the relationships between them. It will represent the
types of relationships between hysteroscopy and EEG findings.
[1] W. E. Winter, III, and J. A. Gosewehr. (2006, May 19). Uterine Cancer.
eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258148-
overview
[2] F. A. Saksouk, and Y. A. Al-Kadhi. (2007, Feb. 2). Endometrium,
Carcinoma. eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.com
/article/403578-overview
[3] R. Vanni, and G. Parodo. (2004, Nov.). Uterus Tumours: an Overview.
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. Available:
http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Tumors/UterusTumOverviewID5157.
html
[4] C. Dolinsky. (2008, Feb. 29). Endometrial Cancer: The Basics.
OncoLink: Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania.
Available: http://www.oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=6&s=18&ss=
137&id=8227&CFID=920688&CFTOKEN=55968454
[5] M. Barati, S. Masihi, and F. Moramezi. "Hysteroscopic View of
Endometrial Hyperplasia." Pak J Med Sci, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 65-68,
Jan.-Mar. 2008.
[6] J. W. Chiang, and S. B. Tate. (2008, Sep. 3). Premalignant Lesions of
the Endometrium, eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.
com/article/269919-overview
[7] H. Nakayama, T. Sano, A. Motegi, T. Oyama, and T. Nakajima.
"Increasing 14-3-3 sigma expression with declining estrogen receptor
alpha and estrogen-responsive finger protein expression defines malignant progression of endometrial carcinoma." Pathol Int, vol. 55,
no. 11, pp. 707-715, Nov. 2005.
[8] P. Mhawech, A. Benz, C. Cerato, V. Greloz, M. Assaly, J. C. Desmond,
H. P. Koeffler, D. Lodygin, H. Hermeking, F. Herrmann, and
J. Schwaller. "Downregulation of 14-3-3 sigma in ovary, prostate and
endometrial carcinomas is associated with CpG island methylation."
Modern Pathology, vol. 18, pp. 340-348, 2005.
[9] A. Benzinger, N. Muster, H. B. Koch, J. R. Yates, III, and H.
Hermeking. "Targeted proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a p53
effector commonly silenced in cancer." Mol Cell Proteomics, vol. 4, no.
6, pp. 785-795, June 2005.
[10] T. Sano, H. Shimooka, P. Weixa, A. Segawa, Z. Jian, A. Motegi, H.
Nakayama, T. Oyama, and T. Nakajima. "Immunohistochemical
expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein in various histological subtypes of
uterine cervical cancers." Pathol Int., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 743-750, Oct.
2004.
[11] M. K. Dougherty and D. K. Morrison. "Unlocking the code of 14-3-3."
Journal of Cell Science, vol. 117, pp. 1875-1884, 2004.
[12] C. B. Umbricht, E. Evron, E. Gabrielson, A. Ferguson, J. Marks, and S.
Sukuma. "Hypermethylation of 14-3-3¤â (stratifin) is an early event in
breast cancer." Oncogene, vol. 20, no. 26, pp. 3348-3353, 2001.
[13] T. Fan, R. Li, N. W. Todd, Q. Qiu, H.B. Fang, H. Wang, J. Shen, R. Y.
Zhao, N. P. Caraway, R. L. Katz, S. A. Stassl, and F. Jiang. "Upregulation
of 14-3-3 in lung cancer and its implication as prognostic and
therapeutic target." Cancer Research, vol. 67, pp. 7901-7906, August
15, 2007.
[14] Emory University (2007, Dec. 29). Lung cancer cells' survival gene seen
as drug target. ScienceDaily. Available: http://www.sciencedaily.
com-/releases/2007/12/ 071226003936.htm
[15] M. Ishii and Y. Kurachi. "The 14-3-3 protein as a novel regulator of ion
channel localization." J. Physiol., vol. 545(Pt. 1), pp. 2, Nov. 15, 2002.
[16] Z. Nazar, S. Farooq, S. M. Sultan, M. Ahmed, I. U. Rehman, and K. A.
Mufti. "An audit of electroencephalography (EEG) referral in tertiary
care teaching hospital." J. Pak. Psych Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24-26,
Jan.-Jun. 2005.
[17] D. Quinonez. "Common applications of electrophysiology (EEG) in the
past and today: the technologist-s view." Electroencephalogr. Clin.
Neurophysiol., vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 108-112, Feb. 1998.
[18] K. Ito, T. Suzuki, J. Akahira, M. Sakuma, S. Saitou, S. Okamoto, H.
Niikura, K. Okamura, N. Yaegashi, H. Sasano, and S. Inoue. "14-3-3
sigma in endometrial cancer: A possible prognostic marker in early-stage
cancer." Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 11, pp. 7384-7391, October 15,
2005.
[19] S. Rajan, R. Preisig-M├╝ller, E. Wischmeyer, R. Nehring, P. J. Hanley, V.
Renigunta, B. Musset, G. Schlichthörl, C. Derst, A. Karschin, and J.
Daut. "Interaction with 14-3-3 proteins promotes functional expression
of the potassium channels TASK-1 and TASK-3." Journal of
Physiology, vol. 545, no. 1, pp.13-26, 2002.
[20] P. Olejniczak. "Neurophysiologic basis of EEG." J. Clin. Neurophysiol.,
vol. 23, pp. 186-189, 2006.
[21] M. Poulos, G. Bokos, and F. Vaioulis. "Towards the semantic extraction
of digital signatures for librarian image-identification purposes." Journal
of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.
59, no. 5, pp. 1-11, 2008.
[22] R. A. Haag. "Supermolecular drug-delivery systems based on polymeric
core-shell architecture." Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 43, pp. 278-282, 2004.
[23] Y. Guo, et al. "The diagnosis of major depression in patients with
cancer: A comparative approach." Psychosomatics, vol. 47, no. 5,
pp. 376-384, 2006.
[24] K. Putnam, M. McSweeney, and B. Lauren. "Depressive symptoms and
baseline prefrontal EEG alpha activity: a study utilizing ecological
momentary assessment." Biological Psychology, vol. 77,
no. 2, Feb. 2008.
[25] L. Schwartz, M. Lander, and H. M. Chochinov. "Current management of
depression in cancer patients." Oncology (Williston Park), vol. 16, no. 8,
pp. 1102-1110, Aug. 2002.
[26] M. Poulos, M. Rangoussi, N. Alexandris, and A. Evangelou. "On the use
of EEG features towards person identification via neural networks."
Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine, vol. 26, pp. 35-48,
2001.
[27] M. Poulos, M.Rangousi, N. Alexandris, and A. Evangelou. "Person
identification from the EEG using nonlinear signal classification."
Methods of Information in Medicine, vol. 41, pp. 64-75, 2002.
[28] A. J. Swerdlow and M. E. Jones. "Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer
and risk of endometrial cancer: A case-control study." Journal of the
National Cancer Institute, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 375-384, 2005.
[29] W. Chu, A. Fyles, E. M. Sellers, D. R. McCready, J. Murphy, T. Pal, and
S. A. Narod. "Association between CYP3A4 genotype and risk of
endometrial cancer following tamoxifen use." Carcinogenesis, vol. 28,
no. 10, pp. 2139-2142, 2007.
[30] T. R. Gruber. "Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for
knowledge sharing." International Journal Human-Computer Studies,
vol. 43, pp. 907-928, 1993.
[31] M. Cannataro, A. Massara, and P. Veltri. "The OnBrowser ontology
manager: Managing ontologies on the grid," in Proc. of the ECAI 2004
Workshop on Semantic Intelligent Middleware for the Web and the Grid,
Valencia, Spain, 2004, vol. 111.
[32] M. A. Sicilia. "Metadata, semantics, and ontology: Providing meaning to
information resources." International Journal of Metadata, Semantics
and Ontologies, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006.
[33] U. Boas, and P. Heegaard. "Dendrimers in drug research." Chem. Soc.
Rev., vol. 33, pp. 43-63, 2004.
[34] S. Stiriba, H. Frey, and R. A. Haag. "Dendritic polymers in biomedical
applications: From potential to clinical use in diagnostics and therapy."
Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1329-1334, 2002.
[35] E. Katz, and I. Willner."Biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotubes:
Applications in nanobioelectronics." Chem. Phys. Chem., vol. 5, pp.
1084-1104, 2004.
[1] W. E. Winter, III, and J. A. Gosewehr. (2006, May 19). Uterine Cancer.
eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/258148-
overview
[2] F. A. Saksouk, and Y. A. Al-Kadhi. (2007, Feb. 2). Endometrium,
Carcinoma. eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.com
/article/403578-overview
[3] R. Vanni, and G. Parodo. (2004, Nov.). Uterus Tumours: an Overview.
Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. Available:
http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Tumors/UterusTumOverviewID5157.
html
[4] C. Dolinsky. (2008, Feb. 29). Endometrial Cancer: The Basics.
OncoLink: Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania.
Available: http://www.oncolink.org/types/article.cfm?c=6&s=18&ss=
137&id=8227&CFID=920688&CFTOKEN=55968454
[5] M. Barati, S. Masihi, and F. Moramezi. "Hysteroscopic View of
Endometrial Hyperplasia." Pak J Med Sci, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 65-68,
Jan.-Mar. 2008.
[6] J. W. Chiang, and S. B. Tate. (2008, Sep. 3). Premalignant Lesions of
the Endometrium, eMedicine. Available: http://emedicine.medscape.
com/article/269919-overview
[7] H. Nakayama, T. Sano, A. Motegi, T. Oyama, and T. Nakajima.
"Increasing 14-3-3 sigma expression with declining estrogen receptor
alpha and estrogen-responsive finger protein expression defines malignant progression of endometrial carcinoma." Pathol Int, vol. 55,
no. 11, pp. 707-715, Nov. 2005.
[8] P. Mhawech, A. Benz, C. Cerato, V. Greloz, M. Assaly, J. C. Desmond,
H. P. Koeffler, D. Lodygin, H. Hermeking, F. Herrmann, and
J. Schwaller. "Downregulation of 14-3-3 sigma in ovary, prostate and
endometrial carcinomas is associated with CpG island methylation."
Modern Pathology, vol. 18, pp. 340-348, 2005.
[9] A. Benzinger, N. Muster, H. B. Koch, J. R. Yates, III, and H.
Hermeking. "Targeted proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a p53
effector commonly silenced in cancer." Mol Cell Proteomics, vol. 4, no.
6, pp. 785-795, June 2005.
[10] T. Sano, H. Shimooka, P. Weixa, A. Segawa, Z. Jian, A. Motegi, H.
Nakayama, T. Oyama, and T. Nakajima. "Immunohistochemical
expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein in various histological subtypes of
uterine cervical cancers." Pathol Int., vol. 54, no. 10, pp. 743-750, Oct.
2004.
[11] M. K. Dougherty and D. K. Morrison. "Unlocking the code of 14-3-3."
Journal of Cell Science, vol. 117, pp. 1875-1884, 2004.
[12] C. B. Umbricht, E. Evron, E. Gabrielson, A. Ferguson, J. Marks, and S.
Sukuma. "Hypermethylation of 14-3-3¤â (stratifin) is an early event in
breast cancer." Oncogene, vol. 20, no. 26, pp. 3348-3353, 2001.
[13] T. Fan, R. Li, N. W. Todd, Q. Qiu, H.B. Fang, H. Wang, J. Shen, R. Y.
Zhao, N. P. Caraway, R. L. Katz, S. A. Stassl, and F. Jiang. "Upregulation
of 14-3-3 in lung cancer and its implication as prognostic and
therapeutic target." Cancer Research, vol. 67, pp. 7901-7906, August
15, 2007.
[14] Emory University (2007, Dec. 29). Lung cancer cells' survival gene seen
as drug target. ScienceDaily. Available: http://www.sciencedaily.
com-/releases/2007/12/ 071226003936.htm
[15] M. Ishii and Y. Kurachi. "The 14-3-3 protein as a novel regulator of ion
channel localization." J. Physiol., vol. 545(Pt. 1), pp. 2, Nov. 15, 2002.
[16] Z. Nazar, S. Farooq, S. M. Sultan, M. Ahmed, I. U. Rehman, and K. A.
Mufti. "An audit of electroencephalography (EEG) referral in tertiary
care teaching hospital." J. Pak. Psych Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 24-26,
Jan.-Jun. 2005.
[17] D. Quinonez. "Common applications of electrophysiology (EEG) in the
past and today: the technologist-s view." Electroencephalogr. Clin.
Neurophysiol., vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 108-112, Feb. 1998.
[18] K. Ito, T. Suzuki, J. Akahira, M. Sakuma, S. Saitou, S. Okamoto, H.
Niikura, K. Okamura, N. Yaegashi, H. Sasano, and S. Inoue. "14-3-3
sigma in endometrial cancer: A possible prognostic marker in early-stage
cancer." Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 11, pp. 7384-7391, October 15,
2005.
[19] S. Rajan, R. Preisig-M├╝ller, E. Wischmeyer, R. Nehring, P. J. Hanley, V.
Renigunta, B. Musset, G. Schlichthörl, C. Derst, A. Karschin, and J.
Daut. "Interaction with 14-3-3 proteins promotes functional expression
of the potassium channels TASK-1 and TASK-3." Journal of
Physiology, vol. 545, no. 1, pp.13-26, 2002.
[20] P. Olejniczak. "Neurophysiologic basis of EEG." J. Clin. Neurophysiol.,
vol. 23, pp. 186-189, 2006.
[21] M. Poulos, G. Bokos, and F. Vaioulis. "Towards the semantic extraction
of digital signatures for librarian image-identification purposes." Journal
of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol.
59, no. 5, pp. 1-11, 2008.
[22] R. A. Haag. "Supermolecular drug-delivery systems based on polymeric
core-shell architecture." Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 43, pp. 278-282, 2004.
[23] Y. Guo, et al. "The diagnosis of major depression in patients with
cancer: A comparative approach." Psychosomatics, vol. 47, no. 5,
pp. 376-384, 2006.
[24] K. Putnam, M. McSweeney, and B. Lauren. "Depressive symptoms and
baseline prefrontal EEG alpha activity: a study utilizing ecological
momentary assessment." Biological Psychology, vol. 77,
no. 2, Feb. 2008.
[25] L. Schwartz, M. Lander, and H. M. Chochinov. "Current management of
depression in cancer patients." Oncology (Williston Park), vol. 16, no. 8,
pp. 1102-1110, Aug. 2002.
[26] M. Poulos, M. Rangoussi, N. Alexandris, and A. Evangelou. "On the use
of EEG features towards person identification via neural networks."
Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine, vol. 26, pp. 35-48,
2001.
[27] M. Poulos, M.Rangousi, N. Alexandris, and A. Evangelou. "Person
identification from the EEG using nonlinear signal classification."
Methods of Information in Medicine, vol. 41, pp. 64-75, 2002.
[28] A. J. Swerdlow and M. E. Jones. "Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer
and risk of endometrial cancer: A case-control study." Journal of the
National Cancer Institute, vol. 97, no. 5, pp. 375-384, 2005.
[29] W. Chu, A. Fyles, E. M. Sellers, D. R. McCready, J. Murphy, T. Pal, and
S. A. Narod. "Association between CYP3A4 genotype and risk of
endometrial cancer following tamoxifen use." Carcinogenesis, vol. 28,
no. 10, pp. 2139-2142, 2007.
[30] T. R. Gruber. "Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for
knowledge sharing." International Journal Human-Computer Studies,
vol. 43, pp. 907-928, 1993.
[31] M. Cannataro, A. Massara, and P. Veltri. "The OnBrowser ontology
manager: Managing ontologies on the grid," in Proc. of the ECAI 2004
Workshop on Semantic Intelligent Middleware for the Web and the Grid,
Valencia, Spain, 2004, vol. 111.
[32] M. A. Sicilia. "Metadata, semantics, and ontology: Providing meaning to
information resources." International Journal of Metadata, Semantics
and Ontologies, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006.
[33] U. Boas, and P. Heegaard. "Dendrimers in drug research." Chem. Soc.
Rev., vol. 33, pp. 43-63, 2004.
[34] S. Stiriba, H. Frey, and R. A. Haag. "Dendritic polymers in biomedical
applications: From potential to clinical use in diagnostics and therapy."
Chem. Int. Ed., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1329-1334, 2002.
[35] E. Katz, and I. Willner."Biomolecule-functionalized carbon nanotubes:
Applications in nanobioelectronics." Chem. Phys. Chem., vol. 5, pp.
1084-1104, 2004.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:57997", author = "Marios Poulos and Eirini Maliagani and Minas Paschopoulos and George Bokos", title = "Endometrial Cancer Recognition via EEG Dependent upon 14-3-3 Protein Leading to an Ontological Diagnosis", abstract = "The purpose of my research proposal is to
demonstrate that there is a relationship between EEG and
endometrial cancer.
The above relationship is based on an Aristotelian Syllogism;
since it is known that the 14-3-3 protein is related to the electrical
activity of the brain via control of the flow of Na+ and K+ ions and
since it is also known that many types of cancer are associated with
14-3-3 protein, it is possible that there is a relationship between EEG
and cancer. This research will be carried out by well-defined
diagnostic indicators, obtained via the EEG, using signal processing
procedures and pattern recognition tools such as neural networks in
order to recognize the endometrial cancer type. The current research
shall compare the findings from EEG and hysteroscopy performed on
women of a wide age range. Moreover, this practice could be
expanded to other types of cancer. The implementation of this
methodology will be completed with the creation of an ontology.
This ontology shall define the concepts existing in this research-s
domain and the relationships between them. It will represent the
types of relationships between hysteroscopy and EEG findings.", keywords = "Bioinformatics, Protein 14-3-3, EEG, Endometrial
cancer, Ontology.", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "143-8", }
