Encrypted Audio Transmission Using Synchronized Nd: YAG Lasers
Encoded information based on synchronization of coupled chaotic Nd:YAG lasers in master-slave configuration is numerically studied. Encoding, transmission, and decoding of information in optical chaotic communication with a single channel is presented. We analyze the robustness of the encrypted audio transmission in a channel noise. In order to illustrate this synchronization robustness, we present two cases of study: synchronization and transmission with a single channel without and with noise in the channel.
[1] L. M. Pecora and T.L. Carroll, "Synchronization in chaotic systems,"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 821-824 (1990).
[2] L. M. Pecora and T. L. Carroll, "Circuit implementation of synchronized
chaos with applications to communications," Phys. Rev. A 44, (1991).
[3] Special Issue on Chaos synchronization and control: Theory and applications,
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 44, (1997).
[4] Special Issue on Control and synchronization of chaos, Int. J. Bifurc.
Chaos, 10, (2000).
[5] C. Cruz-Hernández and H. Nijmeijer, "Synchronization through filtering,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 10, 763-775 (2000). Synchronization
through extended Kalman filtering. In: Nijmeijer H, Fossen TI, editors.
New trends in nonlinear observer design. Lecture notes in control and
information sciences, 244 London: Springer; 469-490, (1999).
[6] H. Sira-Ramírez and C. Cruz-Hernández, "Synchronization of chaotic
systems: a generalized Hamiltonian systems approach," Int. J. Bifurc.
Chaos, 11, 1381-1395 (2001). And in: Proceedings of the American
Control Conference, Chicago, USA, 769-773 (2000).
[7] D. López-Mancilla and C. Cruz-Hernández, "Output synchronization of
chaotic systems: model-matching approach with application to secure
communication," Nonlinear Dynamics and Systems Theory, 5, 141-15
(2005).
[8] U. Feldmann, M. Hasler and W. Schwarz, "Communication by chaotic
signals: the inverse system approach," Int. J. Circuits Theory and
Applications, 24, 551-579 (1996).
[9] H. Nijmeijer and I. M. Y. Mareels, "An observer looks at synchronization,"
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 44, 882-890 (1997).
[10] K. M. Cuomo and A.V. Oppenheim, "Circuit implementation of synchronized
chaos with applications to communications," Phys. Rev. Lett., 71,
65-68 (1993).
[11] K. M. Cuomo, A.V. Oppenheim and S. H. Strogatz, "Synchronization
of Lorenz-based chaotic circuits with applications to communications,"
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 40, 626-633 (1993).
[12] C. Posadas-Castillo, C. Cruz-Hernández and R. Núñez, "Experimental
realization of binary signals transmission based on synchronized Lorenz
circuits," J Appl Res Technol, 2, 127-137 (2004).
[13] C. Cruz-Hernández, D. López-Mancilla, V. García, H. Serrano and R.
N├║├▒ez, "Experimental realization of binary signal transmission using
chaos," J. Circ. Syst. Comput, 14, 453-468 (2005).
[14] P. Colet and R. Roy, "Digital communications with synchronized chaotic
lasers," Opt. Lett., 19, 2056-2058 (1994).
[15] G. D. Van Wiggeren and R. Roy, "Communication with chaotic lasers,"
Science, 279, 1198-1200 (1998).
[16] C. R. Mirasso, P. Colet, and P. García-Fernández, "Synchronization of
chaotic semiconductor lasers: Application to encoded communications"
Phot. Tech. Lett., 8, 99-301 (1996).
[17] A. Sánchez-Díaz, C. Mirasso, P. Colet, and P. García-Fernández, "Encoded
Gbit/s digital communications with synchronized chaotic semiconductor
lasers," IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 35, 292-297 (1999).
[18] A. Uchida, M. Shinozuka, T. Ogawa, and F. Kannari, "Experiments on
chaos synchronization in two separate microchip lasers," Opt. Lett., 24,
890-892 (1999).
[19] J. R. Terry, "A comparative analysis of Rössler type dynamics and laser
systems," Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 12, 495-509 (2002).
[20] P. Ashwin, J. R. Terry, K. S. Thornburg, and R. Roy, "Blowout
bifurcation in a system of coupled chaotic lasers," Physical review E,
58, 7186-7189 (1998).
[21] J. R Terry, K.S Thornburg, J. D. DeShazer, D. Van Wiggeren, S. Zhu,
P. Ashwin and R. Roy, "x," Physical Review E, 59, 4036-4043 (1999).
[22] X. F. Wang and G. Chen, "Synchronization in small- world dynamical
networks," Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 187-192 (2002).
[23] H. Dedieu, M. P. Kennedy and M. Hasler, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.
II, 40, 634-642 (1993).
[24] L. Fabiny, P. Colet, R. Roy, D. Lenstra, "Coherence and phase dynamics
of spatially coupled solid-state lasers," Phys. Rev. A 47, 4287-4296
(1993).
[25] Wang, XF, G. Chen, "Synchronization in small-world dynamical networks,"
Int. J. Biburct. Chaos 12, 187-192 (2002).
[26] XF. Wang and G. Chen, "Synchronization in scale-free dynamical
networks: Robustness and fragility," IEEE Trans Circ. Syst. I, 49, 54-62
(2002).
[27] XF. Wang, "Complex networks: Topology, dynamics and synchronization,"
Int. J. Bifurct. Chaos, 12, 885-916 (2002).
[28] C. Posadas-Castillo, R. M. L├│pez-Gutiérrez and C. Cruz-Hern├índez,
"Synchronization of chaotic solid-state Nd:YAG lasers: Application to
secure communication," Commun. in Nonlinear Science and Numerical
Simulation, 13, 1655-1667 (2008).
[29] C. Cruz-Hernández, H. Serrano-Guerrero, "Cryptosystems based on
synchronized Chua-s circuits," In: Procs. of the 16th IFAC World
Congress, July 3-8, Prague, Czech Republic, 2005.
[30] C. Cruz-Hernández, "Synchronization of time-delay Chua-s oscillator
with application to secure communication," Nonlinear Dynamics and
Systems Theory, 4, 1-13, (2004).
[31] C. Cruz-Hernández and N. Romero-Haros, "Communicating via synchronized
time-delay Chua-s circuits," Communications in Nonlinear
Science and Numerical Simulation, 13, 645-659 (2008).
[32] Aguilar AY, Cruz-Hernández C., "Synchronization of two hyperchaotic
Rössler systems: Model-matching approach, " WSEAS Trans Syst 1, 98-
203 (2002). López-Mancilla D, Cruz-Hernández C., "Output synchronization
of chaotic systems: Model-matching approach with application
to secure communication," Nonlinear Dyn Syst Theory 5, 141-56 (2005).
[33] Sivaprakasam S, Shore KA., "Message encoding and decoding using
chaotic external-cavity diode lasers," IEEE J Quant Electron, 36, 35-9,
(2000).
[34] Roy R, Thornburg SJr. "Experimental synchronization of chaotic lasers,
" Phy Rev Lett., 72, 2009-2012, (1994).
[35] Terry JR, Thornburg KS, DeShazer JD, Van Wiggeren D, Zhu S, Ashwin
P, Roy R. "Synchronization of chaos in an array of three lasers, " Phys
Rev E 59, 4036-4043, (1999).
[36] C. Posadas-Castillo, R. M. L├│pez-Gutiérrez, C. Cruz-Hern├índez, "Synchronization
of chaotic solid-state Nd:YAG lasers: Application to secure
communication," Comm. in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
13, 1655-1667, (2008).
[37] X.F. Wang, G. Chen, "Synchronization in small-world dynamical networks,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 187-192, (2002).
[38] X.F. Wang, "Complex networks: Topology, dynamics and synchronization,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 885-916, (2002).
[39] D. López-Mancilla, C. Cruz-Hernández, "Output synchronization of
chaotic systems under nonvanishing perturbations," Chaos, Solitons and
fractals, 37, 1172-1186, (2008).
[1] L. M. Pecora and T.L. Carroll, "Synchronization in chaotic systems,"
Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 821-824 (1990).
[2] L. M. Pecora and T. L. Carroll, "Circuit implementation of synchronized
chaos with applications to communications," Phys. Rev. A 44, (1991).
[3] Special Issue on Chaos synchronization and control: Theory and applications,
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 44, (1997).
[4] Special Issue on Control and synchronization of chaos, Int. J. Bifurc.
Chaos, 10, (2000).
[5] C. Cruz-Hernández and H. Nijmeijer, "Synchronization through filtering,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 10, 763-775 (2000). Synchronization
through extended Kalman filtering. In: Nijmeijer H, Fossen TI, editors.
New trends in nonlinear observer design. Lecture notes in control and
information sciences, 244 London: Springer; 469-490, (1999).
[6] H. Sira-Ramírez and C. Cruz-Hernández, "Synchronization of chaotic
systems: a generalized Hamiltonian systems approach," Int. J. Bifurc.
Chaos, 11, 1381-1395 (2001). And in: Proceedings of the American
Control Conference, Chicago, USA, 769-773 (2000).
[7] D. López-Mancilla and C. Cruz-Hernández, "Output synchronization of
chaotic systems: model-matching approach with application to secure
communication," Nonlinear Dynamics and Systems Theory, 5, 141-15
(2005).
[8] U. Feldmann, M. Hasler and W. Schwarz, "Communication by chaotic
signals: the inverse system approach," Int. J. Circuits Theory and
Applications, 24, 551-579 (1996).
[9] H. Nijmeijer and I. M. Y. Mareels, "An observer looks at synchronization,"
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 44, 882-890 (1997).
[10] K. M. Cuomo and A.V. Oppenheim, "Circuit implementation of synchronized
chaos with applications to communications," Phys. Rev. Lett., 71,
65-68 (1993).
[11] K. M. Cuomo, A.V. Oppenheim and S. H. Strogatz, "Synchronization
of Lorenz-based chaotic circuits with applications to communications,"
IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, 40, 626-633 (1993).
[12] C. Posadas-Castillo, C. Cruz-Hernández and R. Núñez, "Experimental
realization of binary signals transmission based on synchronized Lorenz
circuits," J Appl Res Technol, 2, 127-137 (2004).
[13] C. Cruz-Hernández, D. López-Mancilla, V. García, H. Serrano and R.
N├║├▒ez, "Experimental realization of binary signal transmission using
chaos," J. Circ. Syst. Comput, 14, 453-468 (2005).
[14] P. Colet and R. Roy, "Digital communications with synchronized chaotic
lasers," Opt. Lett., 19, 2056-2058 (1994).
[15] G. D. Van Wiggeren and R. Roy, "Communication with chaotic lasers,"
Science, 279, 1198-1200 (1998).
[16] C. R. Mirasso, P. Colet, and P. García-Fernández, "Synchronization of
chaotic semiconductor lasers: Application to encoded communications"
Phot. Tech. Lett., 8, 99-301 (1996).
[17] A. Sánchez-Díaz, C. Mirasso, P. Colet, and P. García-Fernández, "Encoded
Gbit/s digital communications with synchronized chaotic semiconductor
lasers," IEEE J. Quant. Electron., 35, 292-297 (1999).
[18] A. Uchida, M. Shinozuka, T. Ogawa, and F. Kannari, "Experiments on
chaos synchronization in two separate microchip lasers," Opt. Lett., 24,
890-892 (1999).
[19] J. R. Terry, "A comparative analysis of Rössler type dynamics and laser
systems," Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 12, 495-509 (2002).
[20] P. Ashwin, J. R. Terry, K. S. Thornburg, and R. Roy, "Blowout
bifurcation in a system of coupled chaotic lasers," Physical review E,
58, 7186-7189 (1998).
[21] J. R Terry, K.S Thornburg, J. D. DeShazer, D. Van Wiggeren, S. Zhu,
P. Ashwin and R. Roy, "x," Physical Review E, 59, 4036-4043 (1999).
[22] X. F. Wang and G. Chen, "Synchronization in small- world dynamical
networks," Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 187-192 (2002).
[23] H. Dedieu, M. P. Kennedy and M. Hasler, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.
II, 40, 634-642 (1993).
[24] L. Fabiny, P. Colet, R. Roy, D. Lenstra, "Coherence and phase dynamics
of spatially coupled solid-state lasers," Phys. Rev. A 47, 4287-4296
(1993).
[25] Wang, XF, G. Chen, "Synchronization in small-world dynamical networks,"
Int. J. Biburct. Chaos 12, 187-192 (2002).
[26] XF. Wang and G. Chen, "Synchronization in scale-free dynamical
networks: Robustness and fragility," IEEE Trans Circ. Syst. I, 49, 54-62
(2002).
[27] XF. Wang, "Complex networks: Topology, dynamics and synchronization,"
Int. J. Bifurct. Chaos, 12, 885-916 (2002).
[28] C. Posadas-Castillo, R. M. L├│pez-Gutiérrez and C. Cruz-Hern├índez,
"Synchronization of chaotic solid-state Nd:YAG lasers: Application to
secure communication," Commun. in Nonlinear Science and Numerical
Simulation, 13, 1655-1667 (2008).
[29] C. Cruz-Hernández, H. Serrano-Guerrero, "Cryptosystems based on
synchronized Chua-s circuits," In: Procs. of the 16th IFAC World
Congress, July 3-8, Prague, Czech Republic, 2005.
[30] C. Cruz-Hernández, "Synchronization of time-delay Chua-s oscillator
with application to secure communication," Nonlinear Dynamics and
Systems Theory, 4, 1-13, (2004).
[31] C. Cruz-Hernández and N. Romero-Haros, "Communicating via synchronized
time-delay Chua-s circuits," Communications in Nonlinear
Science and Numerical Simulation, 13, 645-659 (2008).
[32] Aguilar AY, Cruz-Hernández C., "Synchronization of two hyperchaotic
Rössler systems: Model-matching approach, " WSEAS Trans Syst 1, 98-
203 (2002). López-Mancilla D, Cruz-Hernández C., "Output synchronization
of chaotic systems: Model-matching approach with application
to secure communication," Nonlinear Dyn Syst Theory 5, 141-56 (2005).
[33] Sivaprakasam S, Shore KA., "Message encoding and decoding using
chaotic external-cavity diode lasers," IEEE J Quant Electron, 36, 35-9,
(2000).
[34] Roy R, Thornburg SJr. "Experimental synchronization of chaotic lasers,
" Phy Rev Lett., 72, 2009-2012, (1994).
[35] Terry JR, Thornburg KS, DeShazer JD, Van Wiggeren D, Zhu S, Ashwin
P, Roy R. "Synchronization of chaos in an array of three lasers, " Phys
Rev E 59, 4036-4043, (1999).
[36] C. Posadas-Castillo, R. M. L├│pez-Gutiérrez, C. Cruz-Hern├índez, "Synchronization
of chaotic solid-state Nd:YAG lasers: Application to secure
communication," Comm. in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
13, 1655-1667, (2008).
[37] X.F. Wang, G. Chen, "Synchronization in small-world dynamical networks,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 187-192, (2002).
[38] X.F. Wang, "Complex networks: Topology, dynamics and synchronization,"
Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos 12, 885-916, (2002).
[39] D. López-Mancilla, C. Cruz-Hernández, "Output synchronization of
chaotic systems under nonvanishing perturbations," Chaos, Solitons and
fractals, 37, 1172-1186, (2008).
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:57419", author = "R.M. López-Gutiérrez and C. Cruz-Hernández and C. Posadas-Castillo and E.E.García-Guerrero", title = "Encrypted Audio Transmission Using Synchronized Nd: YAG Lasers", abstract = "Encoded information based on synchronization of coupled chaotic Nd:YAG lasers in master-slave configuration is numerically studied. Encoding, transmission, and decoding of information in optical chaotic communication with a single channel is presented. We analyze the robustness of the encrypted audio transmission in a channel noise. In order to illustrate this synchronization robustness, we present two cases of study: synchronization and transmission with a single channel without and with noise in the channel.
", keywords = "Encryption, Secure coomunication, Chaos, Synchronization,
Complex networks, Nd:YAG laser.", volume = "2", number = "11", pages = "2560-5", }
