Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles
The reduction in vehicle exhaust emissions achieved
in the last two decades is offset by the growth in traffic, as well as by
changes in the composition of emitted pollutants. The present
investigation illustrates the emissions of in-use gasoline and diesel
passenger cars using the official European driving cycle and the
ARTEMIS real-world driving cycle. It was observed that some of the
vehicles do not comply with the corresponding regulations.
Significant differences in emissions were observed between driving
cycles. Not all pollutants showed a tendency to decrease from Euro 3
to Euro 5.
[1] W. Saleh, R. Kumar, and A. Sharma, "Driving cycle for motorcycles in
modern cities: Case studies of Edinburgh and Delhi", World J. Sci.,
Technol. Sust. Dev., vol. 7, pp. 263-274, 2010.
[2] C. C. Lee, Y. C. Wen, and J. J. Kang, "Motorcycle exhaust particles
induce IL-8 production through NF-╬║ B activation in human airway
epithelial cells", J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, vol. 68, no. 17-18, pp.
1537-1555, Sep. 2005.
[3] E. Tzirkasi, K. Pitsas, F. Zannikos, and S. Stournas, "Vehicle emission
and driving cycle: Comparison of the Athens driving cycle (ADC) with
ECE-15 and European driving Cycle", Global Nest J., vol. 8, no. 3, pp.
282-290, May 2006.
[4] W. T. Hung, H.Y. Tong, C.P. Lee, K. Ha, and L.Y. Pao, "Development
of a practical driving cycle construction methodology: A case study in
Hong Kong. Transportation Research", Transport. Res. D-Tr. E., vol.
12, no. 2, pp. 115-128, Mar. 2007.
[5] M. André, "The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car
pollutant emissions", Sci. Total Environ., vol. 334-335, pp 73-84, Dec.
2004.
[6] M. André, R. Joumard, R. Vidon, P. Tassel, and P. Perret, "Real-world
European driving cycles, for measuring pollutant emissions from highand
low-powered cars", Atmos. Environ., vol. 40, no. 31, pp. 5944-
5953, Oct. 2006.
[7] B. C. Singer, T. W. Kirchstetter, R. A. Harley, G. R. Kendall, and J. M.
Hesson, "A Fuel-Based Approach to Estimating Motor Vehicle Cold-
Start Emissions". J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., vol 49, no. 2, pp. 125-
135, Feb. 1999.
[8] M. Weiss, P. Bonnel, R. Hummel, U. Manfredi, R. Colombo, G.
Lanappe, P. Le Lijour, and M. Sculati "Analyzing on-road emissions of
light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems
(PEMS)", European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for
Energy. EUR 24697 EN - 2011, 2011, Ispra.
[9] EC, "Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for
new passenger cars as part of the Community-s integrated approach to
reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles", EC - European
Commission. Official Journal of the European Union L 140, pp. 1-15,
2009.
[10] V. S. Petrovic, S. P. Jankovic, M. V. Tomic, M. M. Jovanovic, and D.
M. Kneževic, "The possibilities for measurement and characterization of
diesel engine fine particles - a review". Therm. Sci., vol. 15, no. 4, pp.
915-938, Aug. 2011.
[1] W. Saleh, R. Kumar, and A. Sharma, "Driving cycle for motorcycles in
modern cities: Case studies of Edinburgh and Delhi", World J. Sci.,
Technol. Sust. Dev., vol. 7, pp. 263-274, 2010.
[2] C. C. Lee, Y. C. Wen, and J. J. Kang, "Motorcycle exhaust particles
induce IL-8 production through NF-╬║ B activation in human airway
epithelial cells", J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, vol. 68, no. 17-18, pp.
1537-1555, Sep. 2005.
[3] E. Tzirkasi, K. Pitsas, F. Zannikos, and S. Stournas, "Vehicle emission
and driving cycle: Comparison of the Athens driving cycle (ADC) with
ECE-15 and European driving Cycle", Global Nest J., vol. 8, no. 3, pp.
282-290, May 2006.
[4] W. T. Hung, H.Y. Tong, C.P. Lee, K. Ha, and L.Y. Pao, "Development
of a practical driving cycle construction methodology: A case study in
Hong Kong. Transportation Research", Transport. Res. D-Tr. E., vol.
12, no. 2, pp. 115-128, Mar. 2007.
[5] M. André, "The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car
pollutant emissions", Sci. Total Environ., vol. 334-335, pp 73-84, Dec.
2004.
[6] M. André, R. Joumard, R. Vidon, P. Tassel, and P. Perret, "Real-world
European driving cycles, for measuring pollutant emissions from highand
low-powered cars", Atmos. Environ., vol. 40, no. 31, pp. 5944-
5953, Oct. 2006.
[7] B. C. Singer, T. W. Kirchstetter, R. A. Harley, G. R. Kendall, and J. M.
Hesson, "A Fuel-Based Approach to Estimating Motor Vehicle Cold-
Start Emissions". J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., vol 49, no. 2, pp. 125-
135, Feb. 1999.
[8] M. Weiss, P. Bonnel, R. Hummel, U. Manfredi, R. Colombo, G.
Lanappe, P. Le Lijour, and M. Sculati "Analyzing on-road emissions of
light-duty vehicles with Portable Emission Measurement Systems
(PEMS)", European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for
Energy. EUR 24697 EN - 2011, 2011, Ispra.
[9] EC, "Regulation (EC) No. 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for
new passenger cars as part of the Community-s integrated approach to
reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles", EC - European
Commission. Official Journal of the European Union L 140, pp. 1-15,
2009.
[10] V. S. Petrovic, S. P. Jankovic, M. V. Tomic, M. M. Jovanovic, and D.
M. Kneževic, "The possibilities for measurement and characterization of
diesel engine fine particles - a review". Therm. Sci., vol. 15, no. 4, pp.
915-938, Aug. 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:52226", author = "C. A. Alves and A. I. Calvo and D. J. Lopes and T. Nunes and A. Charron and M. Goriaux and P. Tassel and P. Perret", title = "Emissions of Euro 3-5 Passenger Cars Measured Over Different Driving Cycles", abstract = "The reduction in vehicle exhaust emissions achieved
in the last two decades is offset by the growth in traffic, as well as by
changes in the composition of emitted pollutants. The present
investigation illustrates the emissions of in-use gasoline and diesel
passenger cars using the official European driving cycle and the
ARTEMIS real-world driving cycle. It was observed that some of the
vehicles do not comply with the corresponding regulations.
Significant differences in emissions were observed between driving
cycles. Not all pollutants showed a tendency to decrease from Euro 3
to Euro 5.", keywords = "Chassis dynamometer, driving cycles, emission factors, exhaust emissions, light-duty vehicles.", volume = "7", number = "6", pages = "294-4", }