Effects of Dry Period Length on, Milk Production and Composition, Blood Metabolites and Complete Blood Count in Subsequent Lactation of Holstein Dairy Cows
Twenty - nine Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of different dry period (DP) lengths on milk yield and composition, some blood metabolites, and complete blood count (CBC). Cows were assigned to one of 2 treatments: 1) 60-d dry period, 2) 35-d DP. Milk yield, from calving to 60 days, was not different for cows on the treatments (p =0.130). Cows in the 35-d DP produced more milk protein and SNF compare with cows in treatment 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Serum glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyrate acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were all similar among the treatments. Body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), complete blood count (CBC) and health problems were similar between the treatments. The results of this study demonstrated we can reduce the dry period length to 35 days with no problems.
[1] J. B.Andersen, T. G. Madsen, T. Larsen, K. L. Ingvartsen, and M. O.
Nielsen. The effects of dry period versus continuous lactation on
metabolic status and performance in periparturient cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 88:3530-3541. 2005.
[2] E. L.Annen, R. J. Collier, M. A. McGuire, J. L. Vicini, J. M. Ballam,
and M. J. Lormore. Effect of modified dry period lengths and bovine
somatotropin on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 87:3746-3761. 2004.
[3] K. C. Bachman. Milk production of dairy cows treated with estrogen
at the onset of a short dry period. J. Dairy Sci. 85:797-803. 2002.
[4] K. C. Bachman and M. L. Schairer. Invited review: Bovine studies
on optimal lengths of dry periods. J. Dairy Sci. 86:3027-3037. 2003.
[5] A. V. Capuco, R. M. Akers, and J. J. Smith. Mammary growth in
Holstein cows during the dry period: Quantification of nucleic acids
and histology. J. Dairy Sci. 80:477-487. 1997.
[6] C. E. Coppock, R. W. Everett, R. P. Natzke, and H. R. Ainslie. Effect
of dry period length on Holstein milk production and selected
disorders at parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 57:712-718. 1974.
[7] M. A. De Feu, A. C. O. Evans, p. Lonergan, and S. t. Butler. The
effect of dry period duration and dietary energy density on milk
production, bioenergetic status, and postpartum ovarian function in
Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 6011-6022. 2009.
[8] J. K. Drackley. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period:
The final frontier. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2259-2273. 1999.
[9] A. J. Edmonson, I. J. Lean, L. D. Weaver, T. Farver, and G. Webster.
A body condition scoring chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 72:68-78. 1989.
[10] E. Farries and S. Hoheisel. The influence of reduced dry periods on
some performance and metabolism traits in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
72(Suppl.1):565. (Abstr.) 1989.
[11] D. A. Funk, A. E. Freeman, and P. J. Berger. Effects of previous days
open, previous days dry and present days open on lactation yield. J.
Dairy Sci. 70:2366-2373. 1987.
[12] R. R. Grummer. Strategies to improve fertility of high yielding dairy
farms: Management of the dry period. Theriogenology 68s: s281-
s288. 2007.
[13] R. R. Grummer and R. R. Rastani. Why reevaluate dry period length?
J. Dairy Sci. 87(E-Suppl.):E77-E85. 2004.
[14] M. S. Gulay, M. J. Hayen, H. H. Head, C. J. Wilcox, and K. C.
Bachman. Milk production from Holstein half udders after
concurrent thirty- and seventy-day dry periods. J.Dairy. Sci. 88:
3953_3962. 2005.
[15] M. S. Gulay, M. J. Hayen, K. C. Bachman, T. Belloso, M. Liboni,
and H. H. Head. Milk production and feed intake of Holstein cows
given short (30-d) or normal (60-d) dry periods. J. Dairy Sci.
86:2030-2038. 2003.
[16] R. N. Heitmann and J. M. Fernandez. Autoregulation of Alimentary
and Hepatic Ketogenesis in Sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1270-1281. 1986.
[17] K. L. Ingvartsen and J. B. Andersen. Integration of metabolism and
intake regulation: A review focusing on periparturient animals. J.
Dairy Sci. 83:1573-1597. 2000.
[18] J. W. Klein and T. E. Woodward. Influence of length of dry period
upon the quantity of milk produced in the subsequent lactation. J.
Dairy Sci. 26:705-713. 1943.
[19] E. Lotan and J. H. Adler. Observations on the effect of shortening the
dry period on milk yield, body weight, and circulating glucose and
FFA levels in dairy cows. Tijdsch. Diergeneeskd. 101:77-82. 1976.
[20] T. G. Madsen, M. O. Nielsen, J. B. Andersen, and K. L. Ingvartsen.
Continuous lactation in dairy cows: Effect on milk production and
mammary nutrient supply and extraction J. Dairy Sci. 91:1791-1801.
2008.
[21] D. Mashek, K. L. Ingvartsen, J. B. Andersen, M. Vestergaard, and T.
Larsen. Effects of a four-day hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in
early and mid-lactation dairy cows on plasma concentrations of
metabolites, hormones, and binding proteins. Domest. Anim.
Endocrinol. 21:169-185. 2001.
[22] A. Pezeshki, J. Mehrzad, G. R. Ghorbani, H. R. Rahmani, R. J.
Collier, and C. Burvenich. Effect of short dry periods on
performance and metabolic status in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 90:5531-5541. 2007.
[23] R. R. Rastani, R. R.Grummer, S. J. Bertics.A. Gumen, M.C.
Wiltbank, D. G. Mashek, and M. C. Rich. Effects of varying dry
period length and prepartum diet on metabolic profiles and lactation
of periparturient dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):154. (Abstr.)
2003.
[24] R. R. Rastani, , R. R. Grummer, S. J. Bertics, A. Gumen, M. C.
Wiltbank, D. G. Mashek, and M. C. Schwab. Reducing dry period
length to simplify feeding transition cows: Milk production, energy
balance, and metabolic profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1004-1014. 2005.
[25] B. Remond, J. Kerouanton, and V. Brocard. The effect of reducing or
omitting the dry period on the performance of dairy cows. Prod.
Anim. 10:301-315. 1997.
[26] SAS Institute. User-s Guide: Statistics. Version 8 ed. SAS Institute,
Cary, NC. 1999.
[27] H. Seifi, M. Gorji-Dooz, M. Mohri, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, and N.
Farzaneh. Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites
during transition period in dairy cows. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 16:253-
258. 2007.
[28] L. R. Schaeffer and C. R. Henderson. Effects of days dry and days
open on Holstein milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 55:107-112. 1972.
[29] M. L. Schairer. Estrogen treatments for the initiation of dry off in
dairy cows. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 2001.
[30] A. Smith, , J. V. Wheelock, and F. H. Dodd. Effect of milking
throughout pregnancy on milk secretion in the succeeding lactation.
J. Dairy Res. 34:145-150. 1967.
[31] J. T. Sorensen and C. Enevoldsen. Effect of dry period length on
milk production in subsequent lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1277-1283.
1991.
[32] E. W. Swanson. Comparing continuous milking with sixty-day dry
periods in successive lactations. J. Dairy Sci. 48:1205-1209. 1965.
[33] R. D. Watters, , J. N. Guenther, A. E. Brickner, R. R. Rastani, P. M.
Crump, P. W. Clark, and R. R. Grummer. Effects of Dry Period
Length on Milk Production and Health of Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci.
91:2595-2603. 2008.
[34] J. W. Wilton, E. B. Burnside, and J. C. Rennie. The effects of days
dry and days open on the milk and butterfat production of Holstein-
Friesian cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 47:85-90. 1967.
[35] D. A. Whitaker, W. J. Goodger, M. Garcia, B. Perera, and F.
Wittwer. Use of metabolic profiles in dairy cattle in tropical and
subtropical countries on smallholder dairy farms. Prev. Vet. Med.
38:119-131. 1999.
[1] J. B.Andersen, T. G. Madsen, T. Larsen, K. L. Ingvartsen, and M. O.
Nielsen. The effects of dry period versus continuous lactation on
metabolic status and performance in periparturient cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 88:3530-3541. 2005.
[2] E. L.Annen, R. J. Collier, M. A. McGuire, J. L. Vicini, J. M. Ballam,
and M. J. Lormore. Effect of modified dry period lengths and bovine
somatotropin on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows. J.
Dairy Sci. 87:3746-3761. 2004.
[3] K. C. Bachman. Milk production of dairy cows treated with estrogen
at the onset of a short dry period. J. Dairy Sci. 85:797-803. 2002.
[4] K. C. Bachman and M. L. Schairer. Invited review: Bovine studies
on optimal lengths of dry periods. J. Dairy Sci. 86:3027-3037. 2003.
[5] A. V. Capuco, R. M. Akers, and J. J. Smith. Mammary growth in
Holstein cows during the dry period: Quantification of nucleic acids
and histology. J. Dairy Sci. 80:477-487. 1997.
[6] C. E. Coppock, R. W. Everett, R. P. Natzke, and H. R. Ainslie. Effect
of dry period length on Holstein milk production and selected
disorders at parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 57:712-718. 1974.
[7] M. A. De Feu, A. C. O. Evans, p. Lonergan, and S. t. Butler. The
effect of dry period duration and dietary energy density on milk
production, bioenergetic status, and postpartum ovarian function in
Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 6011-6022. 2009.
[8] J. K. Drackley. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period:
The final frontier. J. Dairy Sci. 82:2259-2273. 1999.
[9] A. J. Edmonson, I. J. Lean, L. D. Weaver, T. Farver, and G. Webster.
A body condition scoring chart for Holstein Dairy Cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 72:68-78. 1989.
[10] E. Farries and S. Hoheisel. The influence of reduced dry periods on
some performance and metabolism traits in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci.
72(Suppl.1):565. (Abstr.) 1989.
[11] D. A. Funk, A. E. Freeman, and P. J. Berger. Effects of previous days
open, previous days dry and present days open on lactation yield. J.
Dairy Sci. 70:2366-2373. 1987.
[12] R. R. Grummer. Strategies to improve fertility of high yielding dairy
farms: Management of the dry period. Theriogenology 68s: s281-
s288. 2007.
[13] R. R. Grummer and R. R. Rastani. Why reevaluate dry period length?
J. Dairy Sci. 87(E-Suppl.):E77-E85. 2004.
[14] M. S. Gulay, M. J. Hayen, H. H. Head, C. J. Wilcox, and K. C.
Bachman. Milk production from Holstein half udders after
concurrent thirty- and seventy-day dry periods. J.Dairy. Sci. 88:
3953_3962. 2005.
[15] M. S. Gulay, M. J. Hayen, K. C. Bachman, T. Belloso, M. Liboni,
and H. H. Head. Milk production and feed intake of Holstein cows
given short (30-d) or normal (60-d) dry periods. J. Dairy Sci.
86:2030-2038. 2003.
[16] R. N. Heitmann and J. M. Fernandez. Autoregulation of Alimentary
and Hepatic Ketogenesis in Sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1270-1281. 1986.
[17] K. L. Ingvartsen and J. B. Andersen. Integration of metabolism and
intake regulation: A review focusing on periparturient animals. J.
Dairy Sci. 83:1573-1597. 2000.
[18] J. W. Klein and T. E. Woodward. Influence of length of dry period
upon the quantity of milk produced in the subsequent lactation. J.
Dairy Sci. 26:705-713. 1943.
[19] E. Lotan and J. H. Adler. Observations on the effect of shortening the
dry period on milk yield, body weight, and circulating glucose and
FFA levels in dairy cows. Tijdsch. Diergeneeskd. 101:77-82. 1976.
[20] T. G. Madsen, M. O. Nielsen, J. B. Andersen, and K. L. Ingvartsen.
Continuous lactation in dairy cows: Effect on milk production and
mammary nutrient supply and extraction J. Dairy Sci. 91:1791-1801.
2008.
[21] D. Mashek, K. L. Ingvartsen, J. B. Andersen, M. Vestergaard, and T.
Larsen. Effects of a four-day hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in
early and mid-lactation dairy cows on plasma concentrations of
metabolites, hormones, and binding proteins. Domest. Anim.
Endocrinol. 21:169-185. 2001.
[22] A. Pezeshki, J. Mehrzad, G. R. Ghorbani, H. R. Rahmani, R. J.
Collier, and C. Burvenich. Effect of short dry periods on
performance and metabolic status in Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy
Sci. 90:5531-5541. 2007.
[23] R. R. Rastani, R. R.Grummer, S. J. Bertics.A. Gumen, M.C.
Wiltbank, D. G. Mashek, and M. C. Rich. Effects of varying dry
period length and prepartum diet on metabolic profiles and lactation
of periparturient dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1):154. (Abstr.)
2003.
[24] R. R. Rastani, , R. R. Grummer, S. J. Bertics, A. Gumen, M. C.
Wiltbank, D. G. Mashek, and M. C. Schwab. Reducing dry period
length to simplify feeding transition cows: Milk production, energy
balance, and metabolic profiles. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1004-1014. 2005.
[25] B. Remond, J. Kerouanton, and V. Brocard. The effect of reducing or
omitting the dry period on the performance of dairy cows. Prod.
Anim. 10:301-315. 1997.
[26] SAS Institute. User-s Guide: Statistics. Version 8 ed. SAS Institute,
Cary, NC. 1999.
[27] H. Seifi, M. Gorji-Dooz, M. Mohri, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, and N.
Farzaneh. Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites
during transition period in dairy cows. Comp. Clin. Pathol. 16:253-
258. 2007.
[28] L. R. Schaeffer and C. R. Henderson. Effects of days dry and days
open on Holstein milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 55:107-112. 1972.
[29] M. L. Schairer. Estrogen treatments for the initiation of dry off in
dairy cows. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 2001.
[30] A. Smith, , J. V. Wheelock, and F. H. Dodd. Effect of milking
throughout pregnancy on milk secretion in the succeeding lactation.
J. Dairy Res. 34:145-150. 1967.
[31] J. T. Sorensen and C. Enevoldsen. Effect of dry period length on
milk production in subsequent lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1277-1283.
1991.
[32] E. W. Swanson. Comparing continuous milking with sixty-day dry
periods in successive lactations. J. Dairy Sci. 48:1205-1209. 1965.
[33] R. D. Watters, , J. N. Guenther, A. E. Brickner, R. R. Rastani, P. M.
Crump, P. W. Clark, and R. R. Grummer. Effects of Dry Period
Length on Milk Production and Health of Dairy Cattle. J. Dairy Sci.
91:2595-2603. 2008.
[34] J. W. Wilton, E. B. Burnside, and J. C. Rennie. The effects of days
dry and days open on the milk and butterfat production of Holstein-
Friesian cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 47:85-90. 1967.
[35] D. A. Whitaker, W. J. Goodger, M. Garcia, B. Perera, and F.
Wittwer. Use of metabolic profiles in dairy cattle in tropical and
subtropical countries on smallholder dairy farms. Prev. Vet. Med.
38:119-131. 1999.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:63051", author = "Akbar Soleimani and Alireza Heravi Moussavi and Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran and Abolqasem Golian", title = "Effects of Dry Period Length on, Milk Production and Composition, Blood Metabolites and Complete Blood Count in Subsequent Lactation of Holstein Dairy Cows", abstract = "Twenty - nine Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effects of different dry period (DP) lengths on milk yield and composition, some blood metabolites, and complete blood count (CBC). Cows were assigned to one of 2 treatments: 1) 60-d dry period, 2) 35-d DP. Milk yield, from calving to 60 days, was not different for cows on the treatments (p =0.130). Cows in the 35-d DP produced more milk protein and SNF compare with cows in treatment 1 (p ≤ 0.05). Serum glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta hydroxyl butyrate acid (BHBA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were all similar among the treatments. Body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), complete blood count (CBC) and health problems were similar between the treatments. The results of this study demonstrated we can reduce the dry period length to 35 days with no problems.
", keywords = "complete blood count, dairy cows, dry period, milk yield", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "656-6", }
