Effects of Aerobic Dance on Cardiovascular Level and Body Weight among Women
Aerobic dance has becoming a popular mode of
exercise especially among women due to its fun nature. With a catchy
music background and joyful dance steps, aerobic dancers would be
able to have fun while sweating out. Depending on its level of
aggressiveness, aerobic may also improve and maintain
cardiorespiratory fitness other than being a great tool for weight loss.
This study intends to prove that aerobic dance activity can bring the
same, if not better impacts on health than other types of
cardiovascular exercise such as jogging and cycling. The objective of
this study was to evaluate and identify the effect of six weeks aerobic
dance on cardiovascular fitness and weight loss among women. This
study, which was held in Seremban Fit Challenge, used a quasiexperimental
design. The subjects selected include a total of 14
women (n = 14) with age (32.4 years old ± 9.1), weight (65.93 kg ±
11.24) and height (165.36 ± 3.46) who joined the Seremban Fit
Challenge Season 13. The subjects were asked to join an aerobic
dance class with a duration of one hour for six weeks in a row. As for
the outcome, cardiovascular fitness was measured with a 1-mile run
test while any changes on weight were measured using the weighing
scale. The result showed that there was a significant difference
between pre and post-test for cardiovascular fitness when p = 0.02 <
0.05 and weight loss when p = 0.00 < 0.05. In conclusion, a six-week
long aerobic dance program would have a positive effect on
cardiovascular fitness and weight. Therefore, aerobic dance may be
used as an alternative for people who wish to lead a healthy lifestyle
in a fun way.
[1] Arena, R., Riebe, D. and Thompson, P. D. With Linda S. Pescatello;
associate editors (2013) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription. 9th edn. Philadephia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins Health.
[2] Baumgartner, T. A. (2012) Conducting and reading research in
kinesiology. 5th edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
[3] Caspersen, C., Powell, K., & Christenson, G. (1985). Physical activity,
exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for healthrelated
research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126. Retrieved 18
March 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1424733/.
[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Aerobic Activity
Routines. Retrieved 25 May 2015, from
http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/downloads/pa_examples.pdf.
[5] Chee, H., L., Kandiah, M., Khalid, M., Shamsuddin, K., Jamaluddin, J.,
Nordin, N., A., M., M., Shuib, R. and Osman, I. (2004). Body mass
index and factors related to overweight among women workers in
electronic factories in Peninsular Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
2004;13 (3): 248- 254.
[6] Driskell, J. A., B.R. Meckna and N.E. Scales. (2006). Differences exist
in the eating habits of university men and women at fast-food restaurant.
Nutrition Research 26, no. 10:524-530.
[7] Fahlman, M., M., Hall, H., L. and Lock, R. (2006). Ethnic and
socioeconomic comparisons of fitness, activity levels, and barriers to
exercise in high school females. J Sch Health. 2006; 76(1): 12-17.
[8] George, J., Vehrs, P., Allsen, P., Fellingham, G., & Fisher, A. (1993).
VO2max estimation from a submaximal 1-mile track jog for fit collegeage
individuals. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25(3), 401-
406. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/
14744769_VO2max_estimation_from_a_submaximal_1-
mile_track_jog_for_fit_college-age_individuals.
[9] Gutin, B., Barbeau, P., Owens, S., Lemmon, C., Bauman, M., & Allison,
J. et al. (2002). Effects of exercise intensity on cardiovascular fitness,
total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese adolescents.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75(5), 818-26. Retrieved 3 May
2015, from
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/11393162_Effects_of_exercise_
intensity_on_cardiovascular_fitness_total_body_composition_and_visce
ral_adiposity_of_obese_adolescents?ev=prf_cit.
[10] Halvorsen, S., Haakstad, LA., Edvardsen, E., & Bø, K. (2012). Effect of
aerobic dance on cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women: a
randomized controlled trial. PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved 7 April 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23186730.
[11] Heyward, V.H. (2006) Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise
Prescription. 5th edn. Leeds: Human Kinetics Publishers.
[12] Howley, E. (2015). Type of activity: resistance, aerobic and leisure
versus occupational physical activity. - PubMed - NCBI.
Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427761.
[13] Hui, E., Chui, B., T., K. and Woo, J. (2009). Effects of dance on
physical and psychological well-being in older persons. Archives of
Gerontology and Geriatrics 49 (2009) e45–e50.
[14] Jakubec, A., Stejskal, P., Kováčová, L., Elfmark, M., Řehová, I., Botek,
M. and Petr, M. (2008). Changes in heart rate variability after a six
month long aerobic dance or step-dance programme in women 40–65
years old: The influence of different degrees of adherence, intensity and
initial levels. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Gymn. 2008, vol. 38, no. 2.
[15] Jaywant, P. (2015). Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy -
Effect of aerobic dance on the body fat distribution and cardiovascular
endurance in middle aged women (Health Collection) - Informit.
Exercise Fitness and Health Alliance, 9(1), 6. Retrieved 3 March 2015,
from
http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=798618964266656
;res=IELHEA.
[16] Leelarungrayub, D., Saidee, K., Pothongsunun, P., Pratanaphon, S.,
YanKai, A., & Bloomer, R. (2015). Six weeks of aerobic dance exercise
improves blood oxidative stress status and increases interleukin-2 in
previously sedentary women. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved 20 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21665113.
[17] Li, C., Tseng, H., Tseng, R., Lee, S. (2015). The effectiveness of an
aerobic exercise intervention on worksite health-related physical fitness-
-a case in a high-tech company. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved on 15 May 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16642733.
[18] Metsios, G., S., Kalinoglou, A., S., Zanten, J., J., C., S., V., V.,
Treharne, G., J., Panoulas, V., F., Douglas, K., M., J., Koutedakis, Y.
and Kitas, G., D. (2008). Rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease
and physical exercise: A systematic review. Rheumatology 2008;
47:239–248.
[19] Ministry of Health (2011). National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011.
Retrieved on November, 4, 2015 from http://www.moh.gov.my/
index.php/file_manager/dl_item/554756755a584a696158526862693948
59584a70637942515957356b645746754c31426c626d6431636e567a595
734675330567a615768686447467549435967613246335957786862694
277655774706443394559584a70494556754c6c7068615735315a476c75
49454a4c5543387a636d5176546b684e553138794d44457858305a42513
1526655306846525651756347526d.
[20] Murrock, C., J. and Gary, F., A. (2008). Culturally specific dance to
reduce obesity in African American women. Health Promot Pract Online
First, published on December 19, 2008 as
doi:10.1177/1524839908323520. [21] Okura, T., Nakata, Y., Lee, D., J., Ohkawara, K. and Tanaka, K. (2005).
Effects of aerobic exercise and obesity phenotype on abdominal fat
reduction in response to weight loss. International Journal of Obesity
(2005)29, 1259–1266.
[22] Pantelic, S., Milanovic, Z., Sporis, G., & Stojanovic-Tosic, J. (2013).
Effects of a Twelve-Week Aerobic Dance Exercises on Body
Compositions Parameters in Young Women. Int. J. Morphol., 31(4),
1243-1250. Retrieved 20 May 2015, from http://www.researchgate.net/
publication/260836977_Effects_of_a_Twelve-Week_Aerobic_
Dance_Exercises_on_Body_Compositions_Parameters_in_Young_Wom
en.
[23] Petrofsky, J., Batt, J., Berk, L., Collins, K., Yang, T., & LeMoine, M. et
al. (2008). The Effect of an Aerobic Dance and Diet Program on
Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Women.
The Journal of Applied Research, 8(3). Retrieved 14 April 2015, from
http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/.../179-
188_PetrofskyVol8No3_.pdf.
[24] Rahimi, R. (2006). Effect of moderate and high intensity weight training
on the body composition of overweight men. Facta universitatis-series:
Physical Education and Sport. Retrieved 14 April 2015, from
http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pe/pe200602/pe200602-02n.pdf.
[25] Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Khor, G., L., Zain, A., M., Ooyub, S., Rahmat,
R., Ghani, S., N. and Krishnan, J. (2007). A national study on the
prevalence of obesity among 16,127 Malaysians. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
2007;16 (3):561-566.
[26] Ruiz, J., R., Ortega, F., B., Rizzo, N., S., Villa, I., Wennlöf, A., H., Oja,
L. and Sjöström, M. (2007). High cardiovascular fitness is associated
with low metabolic risk score in children: The European Youth Heart
study. Pediatr Res 2007; 61 (3): 350–355.
[27] Sayers, B., M., E., Farley, R., S., Fuller, D., K., Morgan, D., W. and
Caputo, J., L. (2009). Physical fitness and academic achievement in
elementary school children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health,
2009, 6, 99-104.
[28] Shigematsu, R., Chang, M., Yabushita, N., Sakai, T., Nakagaichi, M., &
Nho, H. (2002). Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of
falling risk in older women. Research Gate. Retrieved 7 April 2015,
from http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ryosuke_Shigematsu/
publication/11234302_Dancebased_
aerobic_exercise_may_improve_indices_of_falling_risk_in_older
_women/links/0a85e53510e08518b7000000.pdf.
[29] Shimamoto, H., Adachi, Y., Takahashi, M., & Tanaka, K. (1998). Low
Impact Aerobic Dance as a Useful Exercise Mode for Reducing Body
Mass in Mildly Obese Middle-Aged Women. APPLIED HUMAN
SCIENCE Journal Of Physiological Anthropology, 17(3), 109-114.
doi:10.2114/jpa.17.109.
[30] Sowers, M., Zheng, H., Tomey, K., Gutierrez, C., K., Jannausch, M., Li,
X., Yosef, M. and Symons, J. (2007). Changes in body composition in
women over six years at midlife: Ovarian and chronological aging. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92(3):895–901.
[31] Wang, Y., Beydoun, M., Liang, L., Caballero, B., & Kumanyika, S.
(2015). Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. - PubMed - NCBI.
Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719634.
[32] World Health Organization (2015). Physical activity. Retrieved 18 June
2015, from http://www.who.int/topics/physical_activity/en/.
[33] Wing, R., R. and Phelan, S. (2005). Long-term weight loss maintenance.
Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(suppl):222S–5S.
[34] Wyon, M., A. and Redding, E. (2005). Physiological monitoring of
cardiorespiratory adaptations during rehearsal and performance of
contemporary dance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,
2005, 19(3), 611–614.
[1] Arena, R., Riebe, D. and Thompson, P. D. With Linda S. Pescatello;
associate editors (2013) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and
prescription. 9th edn. Philadephia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins Health.
[2] Baumgartner, T. A. (2012) Conducting and reading research in
kinesiology. 5th edn. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
[3] Caspersen, C., Powell, K., & Christenson, G. (1985). Physical activity,
exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for healthrelated
research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126. Retrieved 18
March 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1424733/.
[4] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Aerobic Activity
Routines. Retrieved 25 May 2015, from
http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/downloads/pa_examples.pdf.
[5] Chee, H., L., Kandiah, M., Khalid, M., Shamsuddin, K., Jamaluddin, J.,
Nordin, N., A., M., M., Shuib, R. and Osman, I. (2004). Body mass
index and factors related to overweight among women workers in
electronic factories in Peninsular Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
2004;13 (3): 248- 254.
[6] Driskell, J. A., B.R. Meckna and N.E. Scales. (2006). Differences exist
in the eating habits of university men and women at fast-food restaurant.
Nutrition Research 26, no. 10:524-530.
[7] Fahlman, M., M., Hall, H., L. and Lock, R. (2006). Ethnic and
socioeconomic comparisons of fitness, activity levels, and barriers to
exercise in high school females. J Sch Health. 2006; 76(1): 12-17.
[8] George, J., Vehrs, P., Allsen, P., Fellingham, G., & Fisher, A. (1993).
VO2max estimation from a submaximal 1-mile track jog for fit collegeage
individuals. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 25(3), 401-
406. Retrieved from http://www.researchgate.net/publication/
14744769_VO2max_estimation_from_a_submaximal_1-
mile_track_jog_for_fit_college-age_individuals.
[9] Gutin, B., Barbeau, P., Owens, S., Lemmon, C., Bauman, M., & Allison,
J. et al. (2002). Effects of exercise intensity on cardiovascular fitness,
total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese adolescents.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75(5), 818-26. Retrieved 3 May
2015, from
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/11393162_Effects_of_exercise_
intensity_on_cardiovascular_fitness_total_body_composition_and_visce
ral_adiposity_of_obese_adolescents?ev=prf_cit.
[10] Halvorsen, S., Haakstad, LA., Edvardsen, E., & Bø, K. (2012). Effect of
aerobic dance on cardiorespiratory fitness in pregnant women: a
randomized controlled trial. PubMed - NCBI.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved 7 April 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23186730.
[11] Heyward, V.H. (2006) Advanced Fitness Assessment and Exercise
Prescription. 5th edn. Leeds: Human Kinetics Publishers.
[12] Howley, E. (2015). Type of activity: resistance, aerobic and leisure
versus occupational physical activity. - PubMed - NCBI.
Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 14 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427761.
[13] Hui, E., Chui, B., T., K. and Woo, J. (2009). Effects of dance on
physical and psychological well-being in older persons. Archives of
Gerontology and Geriatrics 49 (2009) e45–e50.
[14] Jakubec, A., Stejskal, P., Kováčová, L., Elfmark, M., Řehová, I., Botek,
M. and Petr, M. (2008). Changes in heart rate variability after a six
month long aerobic dance or step-dance programme in women 40–65
years old: The influence of different degrees of adherence, intensity and
initial levels. Acta Univ. Palacki. Olomuc., Gymn. 2008, vol. 38, no. 2.
[15] Jaywant, P. (2015). Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy -
Effect of aerobic dance on the body fat distribution and cardiovascular
endurance in middle aged women (Health Collection) - Informit.
Exercise Fitness and Health Alliance, 9(1), 6. Retrieved 3 March 2015,
from
http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=798618964266656
;res=IELHEA.
[16] Leelarungrayub, D., Saidee, K., Pothongsunun, P., Pratanaphon, S.,
YanKai, A., & Bloomer, R. (2015). Six weeks of aerobic dance exercise
improves blood oxidative stress status and increases interleukin-2 in
previously sedentary women. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved 20 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21665113.
[17] Li, C., Tseng, H., Tseng, R., Lee, S. (2015). The effectiveness of an
aerobic exercise intervention on worksite health-related physical fitness-
-a case in a high-tech company. - PubMed - NCBI. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Retrieved on 15 May 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16642733.
[18] Metsios, G., S., Kalinoglou, A., S., Zanten, J., J., C., S., V., V.,
Treharne, G., J., Panoulas, V., F., Douglas, K., M., J., Koutedakis, Y.
and Kitas, G., D. (2008). Rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease
and physical exercise: A systematic review. Rheumatology 2008;
47:239–248.
[19] Ministry of Health (2011). National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011.
Retrieved on November, 4, 2015 from http://www.moh.gov.my/
index.php/file_manager/dl_item/554756755a584a696158526862693948
59584a70637942515957356b645746754c31426c626d6431636e567a595
734675330567a615768686447467549435967613246335957786862694
277655774706443394559584a70494556754c6c7068615735315a476c75
49454a4c5543387a636d5176546b684e553138794d44457858305a42513
1526655306846525651756347526d.
[20] Murrock, C., J. and Gary, F., A. (2008). Culturally specific dance to
reduce obesity in African American women. Health Promot Pract Online
First, published on December 19, 2008 as
doi:10.1177/1524839908323520. [21] Okura, T., Nakata, Y., Lee, D., J., Ohkawara, K. and Tanaka, K. (2005).
Effects of aerobic exercise and obesity phenotype on abdominal fat
reduction in response to weight loss. International Journal of Obesity
(2005)29, 1259–1266.
[22] Pantelic, S., Milanovic, Z., Sporis, G., & Stojanovic-Tosic, J. (2013).
Effects of a Twelve-Week Aerobic Dance Exercises on Body
Compositions Parameters in Young Women. Int. J. Morphol., 31(4),
1243-1250. Retrieved 20 May 2015, from http://www.researchgate.net/
publication/260836977_Effects_of_a_Twelve-Week_Aerobic_
Dance_Exercises_on_Body_Compositions_Parameters_in_Young_Wom
en.
[23] Petrofsky, J., Batt, J., Berk, L., Collins, K., Yang, T., & LeMoine, M. et
al. (2008). The Effect of an Aerobic Dance and Diet Program on
Cardiovascular Fitness, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Women.
The Journal of Applied Research, 8(3). Retrieved 14 April 2015, from
http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/.../179-
188_PetrofskyVol8No3_.pdf.
[24] Rahimi, R. (2006). Effect of moderate and high intensity weight training
on the body composition of overweight men. Facta universitatis-series:
Physical Education and Sport. Retrieved 14 April 2015, from
http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pe/pe200602/pe200602-02n.pdf.
[25] Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Khor, G., L., Zain, A., M., Ooyub, S., Rahmat,
R., Ghani, S., N. and Krishnan, J. (2007). A national study on the
prevalence of obesity among 16,127 Malaysians. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
2007;16 (3):561-566.
[26] Ruiz, J., R., Ortega, F., B., Rizzo, N., S., Villa, I., Wennlöf, A., H., Oja,
L. and Sjöström, M. (2007). High cardiovascular fitness is associated
with low metabolic risk score in children: The European Youth Heart
study. Pediatr Res 2007; 61 (3): 350–355.
[27] Sayers, B., M., E., Farley, R., S., Fuller, D., K., Morgan, D., W. and
Caputo, J., L. (2009). Physical fitness and academic achievement in
elementary school children. Journal of Physical Activity and Health,
2009, 6, 99-104.
[28] Shigematsu, R., Chang, M., Yabushita, N., Sakai, T., Nakagaichi, M., &
Nho, H. (2002). Dance-based aerobic exercise may improve indices of
falling risk in older women. Research Gate. Retrieved 7 April 2015,
from http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ryosuke_Shigematsu/
publication/11234302_Dancebased_
aerobic_exercise_may_improve_indices_of_falling_risk_in_older
_women/links/0a85e53510e08518b7000000.pdf.
[29] Shimamoto, H., Adachi, Y., Takahashi, M., & Tanaka, K. (1998). Low
Impact Aerobic Dance as a Useful Exercise Mode for Reducing Body
Mass in Mildly Obese Middle-Aged Women. APPLIED HUMAN
SCIENCE Journal Of Physiological Anthropology, 17(3), 109-114.
doi:10.2114/jpa.17.109.
[30] Sowers, M., Zheng, H., Tomey, K., Gutierrez, C., K., Jannausch, M., Li,
X., Yosef, M. and Symons, J. (2007). Changes in body composition in
women over six years at midlife: Ovarian and chronological aging. The
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92(3):895–901.
[31] Wang, Y., Beydoun, M., Liang, L., Caballero, B., & Kumanyika, S.
(2015). Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the
progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. - PubMed - NCBI.
Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 19 June 2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719634.
[32] World Health Organization (2015). Physical activity. Retrieved 18 June
2015, from http://www.who.int/topics/physical_activity/en/.
[33] Wing, R., R. and Phelan, S. (2005). Long-term weight loss maintenance.
Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82(suppl):222S–5S.
[34] Wyon, M., A. and Redding, E. (2005). Physiological monitoring of
cardiorespiratory adaptations during rehearsal and performance of
contemporary dance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,
2005, 19(3), 611–614.
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:71856", author = "Mohd Faridz Ahmad and Muhammad Amir Asyraf Rosli", title = "Effects of Aerobic Dance on Cardiovascular Level and Body Weight among Women", abstract = "Aerobic dance has becoming a popular mode of
exercise especially among women due to its fun nature. With a catchy
music background and joyful dance steps, aerobic dancers would be
able to have fun while sweating out. Depending on its level of
aggressiveness, aerobic may also improve and maintain
cardiorespiratory fitness other than being a great tool for weight loss.
This study intends to prove that aerobic dance activity can bring the
same, if not better impacts on health than other types of
cardiovascular exercise such as jogging and cycling. The objective of
this study was to evaluate and identify the effect of six weeks aerobic
dance on cardiovascular fitness and weight loss among women. This
study, which was held in Seremban Fit Challenge, used a quasiexperimental
design. The subjects selected include a total of 14
women (n = 14) with age (32.4 years old ± 9.1), weight (65.93 kg ±
11.24) and height (165.36 ± 3.46) who joined the Seremban Fit
Challenge Season 13. The subjects were asked to join an aerobic
dance class with a duration of one hour for six weeks in a row. As for
the outcome, cardiovascular fitness was measured with a 1-mile run
test while any changes on weight were measured using the weighing
scale. The result showed that there was a significant difference
between pre and post-test for cardiovascular fitness when p = 0.02 ", keywords = "Aerobic dance, cardiovascular fitness, weight loss,
1-mile run test.", volume = "9", number = "12", pages = "874-9", }
