Effects of a Recreational Workout Program on Task-Analyzed Exercise Performance of Adults with Severe Cognitive Impairments
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a recreational workout program for adults with disabilities over two semesters. This investigation was an action study conducted in a naturalistic setting. Participants included equal numbers of adults with severe cognitive impairments (n = 35) and adults without disabilities (n = 35). Adults with disabilities severe cognitive impairments were trained 6 self-initiated workout activities over two semesters by adults without disabilities. The numbers of task-analyzed steps of each activity performed correctly by each participant at the first and last weeks of each semester were used for data analysis. Results of the paired t-tests indicate that across two semesters, significant differences between the first and last weeks were found on 4 out of the 6 task-analyzed workout activities at a statistical level of significance p < .05. The recreational workout program developed in this study was effective.
<p>[1] D. Auxter, J. Pyger, and C. Huettig, Principles and methods in adapted
physical education and recreation. Times Mirror/Mosby, St. Louis, MO,
2005.W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
[2] T.A. Baumgartner and C.H. Strong, Conducting and reading in research
in health and human performance, WCB/McRaw-Hill, Boston, MA,
1998.
[3] M.E. Block. A teacher’s guide to including students with disabilities in
regular physical education. Brooks, Baltimore, MD, 2007.
[4] M. Bogard and J. Zhang, "The use of a data-based recreational program
on training soccer activities to young adults with disabilities’, The
Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of National Consortium for
Physical Education and Recreation for Individuals with Disabilities,
2010, pp. 16.
[5] C.C. Bullock, M.L. Mahon, and C.L. Killingdworth, Introduction to
recreation services for people with disabilities: A person-centered
approach, Sagamore Publishing, Champaign, IL, 2010.
[6] A. Chiotti and J. Zhang, "The Effects of an integrated recreational
program on training sports activities to young adults with disabilities”,
The Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of National Consortium for
Physical Education and Recreation for Individuals with Disabilities,
2010 pp. 17.
[7] M.J. Dunn and C.A. Leitschuh, Special physical education,
Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 2010.
[8] C. B. Eichstaedt and B.W. Lavay, Physical activity for individuals with
mental retardation. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL: 1992.
[9] S.L. Kasser and R.K. Lytle, Inclusive physical activity: A lifetime of
opportunities. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL: 2005.
[10] D.J. Greenwood and M. Levin, Introduction to action research: Social
research for change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.
[11] T. Overton, Assessing learners with special needs. An applied
approach, Merrill Prentice-Hall, Columbus, OH, 2003.
[12] M.E Snell, Systematic instruction of persons with severe handicaps,
Merill, Columbus, OH, 1987.
[13] C. Sherrill, Adapted physical education and recreation: A
crossdisciplinary and lifetime, McGraw-Hill, Dubuque, IW, 2004.
[14] J.R. Thomas, and J.K. Nelson, Research methods in physical activity,
Human Kinetics, Champagn, IL, 2005.
[15] L.M. Voeltz, B.B. Wurch, and C.H. Bockhaut, "Social validation of
leisure activities training with severely handicapped youth”, Journal of
the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 7(4), 2010, pp. 3-13.
[16] J. Zhang, The Integrated sport and exercise program training manual,
Copy Desk Publishing, Kalamazoo, MI, 2009.
[17] J. Zhang, Annual Grant Performance Report to US Department of
Education for Implementing the Integrated Recreational Sport Activity
Program for Young Adults with Disabilities in 2009-2010. A report
submitted to US Department of Education, 2010.
[18] J. Zhang, Annual Grant Performance Report to US Department of
Education for Implementing the Integrated Recreational Sport Activity
Program for Young Adults with Disabilities in 2010-2011. A report
submitted to US Department of Education, 2011.
[19] J. Zhang and D. Berkey, "Use of an ecological-based program for
teaching motor skills to individuals with disabilities”, Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 94, 2002, pp. 235-240.
[20] J. Zhang, A. Chiotti, and M. Bogard, "Effectiveness of an integrated
recreational sport and exercises training program”, Research Quarterly
for Sport and Exercises, 82 (Suppl.), 2011, pp. 77.
[21] J. Zhang and J. Yang, "The effect of an ecological-based program on
teaching volleyball skills to young adults with mild mental retardation’,
ICHPER.SD Journal of Research, 3, 2008, pp. 65-70.
[22] J. Zhang and C. Weideman, "The integrated recreational sport activity
program for young adults with disabilities’, The Proceedings of the 2010
Conference of National Consortium for Physical Education and
Recreation for Individuals with disabilities, 2010, pp. 15.
[23] J. Zhang, C. Weideman, M. Bogard, and C. Amanda, "Integrated
recreational sport activity program for young adults with intellectual and
developmental Disabilities”, The Proceedings of the 14th Annual RAS
Project Directors’ Conference, 2011, pp. 5.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 78 2013
1417</p>
<p>[1] D. Auxter, J. Pyger, and C. Huettig, Principles and methods in adapted
physical education and recreation. Times Mirror/Mosby, St. Louis, MO,
2005.W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont,
CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
[2] T.A. Baumgartner and C.H. Strong, Conducting and reading in research
in health and human performance, WCB/McRaw-Hill, Boston, MA,
1998.
[3] M.E. Block. A teacher’s guide to including students with disabilities in
regular physical education. Brooks, Baltimore, MD, 2007.
[4] M. Bogard and J. Zhang, "The use of a data-based recreational program
on training soccer activities to young adults with disabilities’, The
Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of National Consortium for
Physical Education and Recreation for Individuals with Disabilities,
2010, pp. 16.
[5] C.C. Bullock, M.L. Mahon, and C.L. Killingdworth, Introduction to
recreation services for people with disabilities: A person-centered
approach, Sagamore Publishing, Champaign, IL, 2010.
[6] A. Chiotti and J. Zhang, "The Effects of an integrated recreational
program on training sports activities to young adults with disabilities”,
The Proceedings of the 2010 Conference of National Consortium for
Physical Education and Recreation for Individuals with Disabilities,
2010 pp. 17.
[7] M.J. Dunn and C.A. Leitschuh, Special physical education,
Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 2010.
[8] C. B. Eichstaedt and B.W. Lavay, Physical activity for individuals with
mental retardation. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL: 1992.
[9] S.L. Kasser and R.K. Lytle, Inclusive physical activity: A lifetime of
opportunities. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL: 2005.
[10] D.J. Greenwood and M. Levin, Introduction to action research: Social
research for change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998.
[11] T. Overton, Assessing learners with special needs. An applied
approach, Merrill Prentice-Hall, Columbus, OH, 2003.
[12] M.E Snell, Systematic instruction of persons with severe handicaps,
Merill, Columbus, OH, 1987.
[13] C. Sherrill, Adapted physical education and recreation: A
crossdisciplinary and lifetime, McGraw-Hill, Dubuque, IW, 2004.
[14] J.R. Thomas, and J.K. Nelson, Research methods in physical activity,
Human Kinetics, Champagn, IL, 2005.
[15] L.M. Voeltz, B.B. Wurch, and C.H. Bockhaut, "Social validation of
leisure activities training with severely handicapped youth”, Journal of
the Association for the Severely Handicapped, 7(4), 2010, pp. 3-13.
[16] J. Zhang, The Integrated sport and exercise program training manual,
Copy Desk Publishing, Kalamazoo, MI, 2009.
[17] J. Zhang, Annual Grant Performance Report to US Department of
Education for Implementing the Integrated Recreational Sport Activity
Program for Young Adults with Disabilities in 2009-2010. A report
submitted to US Department of Education, 2010.
[18] J. Zhang, Annual Grant Performance Report to US Department of
Education for Implementing the Integrated Recreational Sport Activity
Program for Young Adults with Disabilities in 2010-2011. A report
submitted to US Department of Education, 2011.
[19] J. Zhang and D. Berkey, "Use of an ecological-based program for
teaching motor skills to individuals with disabilities”, Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 94, 2002, pp. 235-240.
[20] J. Zhang, A. Chiotti, and M. Bogard, "Effectiveness of an integrated
recreational sport and exercises training program”, Research Quarterly
for Sport and Exercises, 82 (Suppl.), 2011, pp. 77.
[21] J. Zhang and J. Yang, "The effect of an ecological-based program on
teaching volleyball skills to young adults with mild mental retardation’,
ICHPER.SD Journal of Research, 3, 2008, pp. 65-70.
[22] J. Zhang and C. Weideman, "The integrated recreational sport activity
program for young adults with disabilities’, The Proceedings of the 2010
Conference of National Consortium for Physical Education and
Recreation for Individuals with disabilities, 2010, pp. 15.
[23] J. Zhang, C. Weideman, M. Bogard, and C. Amanda, "Integrated
recreational sport activity program for young adults with intellectual and
developmental Disabilities”, The Proceedings of the 14th Annual RAS
Project Directors’ Conference, 2011, pp. 5.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 78 2013
1417</p>
@article{"International Journal of Medical, Medicine and Health Sciences:59783", author = "Jiabei Zhang and Amanda Rapelje and Christopher Farr and Kristin Colwell and Zezhao Chen", title = "Effects of a Recreational Workout Program on Task-Analyzed Exercise Performance of Adults with Severe Cognitive Impairments", abstract = "The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a recreational workout program for adults with disabilities over two semesters. This investigation was an action study conducted in a naturalistic setting. Participants included equal numbers of adults with severe cognitive impairments (n = 35) and adults without disabilities (n = 35). Adults with disabilities severe cognitive impairments were trained 6 self-initiated workout activities over two semesters by adults without disabilities. The numbers of task-analyzed steps of each activity performed correctly by each participant at the first and last weeks of each semester were used for data analysis. Results of the paired t-tests indicate that across two semesters, significant differences between the first and last weeks were found on 4 out of the 6 task-analyzed workout activities at a statistical level of significance p < .05. The recreational workout program developed in this study was effective.
", keywords = "Workout program, exercise performance, adults,
sever cognitive impairment.", volume = "7", number = "6", pages = "280-5", }
