Effect of Nutrient Induced Salinity on Growth, Membrane Permeability, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Proline Content and Macronutrient Concentrations of Tomato Grown in Greenhouse
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of nutrients induced salinity on the growth, membrane permeability, nitrate reductase activity, proline content and macronutrient concentrations of tomato plants. The plants were subjected to six different treatments: 1 (control) containing basic solution, 2 basic solution+40mM of NaCl, 3 basic solution+40 mM of KNO3, 4 basic solution+20 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, 5 basic solution+20 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O and 6 basic solution+20 mM of KNO3+5 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O+5 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Membrane permeability was increased significantly only with addition of NaCl, and then decreased to its lower level with addition of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Proline accumulation were followed the same trend of results when they had been exposed to NaCl salinity. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was significantly affected by addition of different types of nutrient induced salinity.
[1] M. Zekri, L.R. Parsons, "Growth and root hydraulic conductivity of
several citrus rootstocks under salt and polyethylene glycol stresses".
Physiologia Plant. 77, 99-106, 1989.
[2] A. Cerda, V. Martinez, "Nitrogen fertilization under saline conditions in
tomato and cucumber plants". J. Hort. Sci. 63, 451-458, 1988.
[3] D., Savvas, F. Lenz, "Effects of NaCl or nutrient-induced salinity on
growth, yield and composition of eggplants grown in rockwool". Sci.
Hortic. 84, 37-47, 2000.
[4] R. S. Dhindsa, P. Plumb-Dhindsa, T.A. Thorpe, "Leaf senescence
correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid
peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and
catalase". J. Exp. Bot. 32, 93-101, 1981.
[5] M.A.L. Smith, L.A. Spomer, R.A. Shibli, S.L. Knight, "Effects of NaCl
salinity on miniature dwarf tomato micro-tom 2. Shoot and root growth
responses, fruit production, and osmotic adjustment". J. Plant Nutr. 15,
2329-2341, 1992.
[6] J.M.S. Scholberg, S.J. Locascio, "Growth response of snap bean and
tomato as affected by salinity and irrigation method". Hort. Sci. 34, 259-
264, 1999.
[7] J. D. Rhoades, "Practices to control salinity in irrigated soil. In: Leith,
H., Al-Masoom, A. (Ed.), Towards the rational use of high salinity
tolerant plants". Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Netherlands,
2: 379-389, 1993.
[8] N. Sultana, T. Ikeda, R. Itoh, "Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis
and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains". Environ. Exp.
Bot. 42, 211-220, 1999.
[9] P. Hasegawa, R.A. Bressan, J.K. Zhu, H.J. Bohnert, "Plant cellular and
molecular responses to high salinity". Annu. Rew. Plant Mol. Biol. 51:
463-499, 2000.
[10] S.R. Grattan, C.M. Grieve, "Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in
horticultural crops". Sci. Hortic. 78, 127-157, 1999.
[11] M.C. Shannon, C.M. Grieve, "Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity".
Sci. Hortic. 78, 5-38, 1999.
[12] G. R. Cramer, A. Lauchli, E. Epstein, "Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on ion
Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth in Cotton".
Plant Physiol. 81, 792-797, 1986.
[13] D. S. Busch, "Calcium regulation in plant cell and its role in signaling".
Annu. Rew. Plant Physiol. 46, 95-102, 1995.
[14] H. Marschner, "Mineral Nutrition in Higher Plants". London, UK:
Academic Press. 1986.
[15] X. Yu, S. Sukumaran, L. Marton, "Differential expression of the
Arabidopsis Nia1 and Nia2 genes: cytokinin-induced nitrate reductase
activity is correlated with Nia1 transcription and mRNA levels". Plant
Physiol. 116, 1091-1096, 1998.
[16] R. L. Warner, C.J. Lin, A. Kleinhofs, "Nitrate reductase-deficient
mutants in barley". Nature 269, 406-407, 1977.
[17] A. Kleinhofs, R.L. Warner, "Advances in nitrate assimilation". In:
Miflin, B.J., Lea, P.J. (Ed.), The biochemistry of plants. Academic Press
San Diego CA, 16:89-120, 1990.
[18] D. Aspinall, L.G. Paleg, "Proline accumulation: physiological aspects.
In: Paleg, L.G., Aspinall, D. (Ed.), The Physiology and Biochemistry of
Drought Resistance in Plants". Academic Press, Sydney, pp. 205-241,
1981.
[19] W. Claussen, "Growth, water use efficiency, and proline content of
hydroponically grown tomato plants as affected by nitrogen source and
nutrient concentration". Plant Soil 247, 199-209 2002.
[20] W. Claussen, "Proline as a measure of stress in tomato plants". Plant
Science 168, 241-248, 2005.
[21] B. Yan, Q. Dai, X. Liu, S. Huang, Z. Wang, "Flooding-induced
membrane damage. Lipid oxidation and activated oxygen generation in
corn leaves". Plant Soil 179, 261-268, 1996.
[22] L. Klepper, D. Flesher, R.H. Hageman, "Generation of reduced
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for nitrate reduction in green leaves".
Plant Physiol. 20, 580-590, 1971.
[23] W. Troll, J.A. Lindsley, "A method for the determination of proline". J.
Biol. Chem. 215, 655-660, 1955.
[24] C. Magn'e, H. Larher, "High sugar content of extracts interferes with
colorimetric determination of amino acids and free proline". Analytical
Biochem. 200, 115-118, 1992.
[25] J. M. Bremner, “Total nitrogen. In: Black, C.A. (Ed.), Methods of soil
analysis”. Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, Agronomy, No. 9, Part 2,
pp. 1149-1178, 1965.
[26] D. A. Cataldo, M. Haroon, L.E. Schrader, V.L. “Youngs, Rapid
colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of
salicylic acid”. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6, 71-80, 1975.
[27] J. M. Johnson, A. Ulrich, “Analytical Methods for Use in Plant Analysis.
II”. California: Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, 1975..
[28] J. Murphy, J.P. Riley, “A modified single solution method for the
determination of phosphate in natural waters”. Analytica Chim. Acta 27,
31-36, 1962.
[29] A. Aziz, J. Martin-Tanguy, F. Lather, “Salt stress-induced proline
accumulation and changes in tyramine and polyamine levels are linked
to ionic adjustment in tomato leaf discs”. Plant Sci. 145, 83-91, 1999.
[30] S. B. Roy, A.K. Bera, “Individual and combined effects of mercury and
manganese on phenol and proline content in leaf and stem of mungbean
seedlings”. J. Environ. Biol. 23, 433-435, 2002.
[31] A. Inal, C. Tarakcıoğlu, “Effects of Nitrogen Forms on the Growth,
Nitrate Accumulation, Membrane Permeability, and Nitrogen Use
Efficiency of Hydroponically Grown Bunch Onion (Allium cepa L. var
Radar) under Boron Deficiency and Toxicity”. Journal of Plant
Nutrition, 24 (10): 1521-1534, 200.
[32] C. Tarakcioglu, A. Inal, “Changes induced by salinity, demarcating
specific ion ratio (Na/Cl) and osmolality in ion and proline
accumulation, nitrate raductase activity and growth performance of
lettuce”. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 27-41, 2002.
[33] C. Kaya, D. Higgs, “Calcium nitrate as a remedy for salt-stressed
cucumber Plants”. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 861-871, 2002.
[34] P. Adams, “Some responses of tomatoes grown in NFT to sodium
chloride”. Proc. 7. International Congress Soilless Culture, 59-70, 1988.
[35] P. Adams, “Effects of increasing the salinity of the nutrient solution with
major nutrients or sodium chloride on the yield, quality and composition
of tomatoes grown in rockwool”. J. Hort. Sci. 66, 201-207, 1991.
[1] M. Zekri, L.R. Parsons, "Growth and root hydraulic conductivity of
several citrus rootstocks under salt and polyethylene glycol stresses".
Physiologia Plant. 77, 99-106, 1989.
[2] A. Cerda, V. Martinez, "Nitrogen fertilization under saline conditions in
tomato and cucumber plants". J. Hort. Sci. 63, 451-458, 1988.
[3] D., Savvas, F. Lenz, "Effects of NaCl or nutrient-induced salinity on
growth, yield and composition of eggplants grown in rockwool". Sci.
Hortic. 84, 37-47, 2000.
[4] R. S. Dhindsa, P. Plumb-Dhindsa, T.A. Thorpe, "Leaf senescence
correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid
peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and
catalase". J. Exp. Bot. 32, 93-101, 1981.
[5] M.A.L. Smith, L.A. Spomer, R.A. Shibli, S.L. Knight, "Effects of NaCl
salinity on miniature dwarf tomato micro-tom 2. Shoot and root growth
responses, fruit production, and osmotic adjustment". J. Plant Nutr. 15,
2329-2341, 1992.
[6] J.M.S. Scholberg, S.J. Locascio, "Growth response of snap bean and
tomato as affected by salinity and irrigation method". Hort. Sci. 34, 259-
264, 1999.
[7] J. D. Rhoades, "Practices to control salinity in irrigated soil. In: Leith,
H., Al-Masoom, A. (Ed.), Towards the rational use of high salinity
tolerant plants". Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Netherlands,
2: 379-389, 1993.
[8] N. Sultana, T. Ikeda, R. Itoh, "Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis
and dry matter accumulation in developing rice grains". Environ. Exp.
Bot. 42, 211-220, 1999.
[9] P. Hasegawa, R.A. Bressan, J.K. Zhu, H.J. Bohnert, "Plant cellular and
molecular responses to high salinity". Annu. Rew. Plant Mol. Biol. 51:
463-499, 2000.
[10] S.R. Grattan, C.M. Grieve, "Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in
horticultural crops". Sci. Hortic. 78, 127-157, 1999.
[11] M.C. Shannon, C.M. Grieve, "Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity".
Sci. Hortic. 78, 5-38, 1999.
[12] G. R. Cramer, A. Lauchli, E. Epstein, "Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on ion
Activities in Complex Nutrient Solutions and Root Growth in Cotton".
Plant Physiol. 81, 792-797, 1986.
[13] D. S. Busch, "Calcium regulation in plant cell and its role in signaling".
Annu. Rew. Plant Physiol. 46, 95-102, 1995.
[14] H. Marschner, "Mineral Nutrition in Higher Plants". London, UK:
Academic Press. 1986.
[15] X. Yu, S. Sukumaran, L. Marton, "Differential expression of the
Arabidopsis Nia1 and Nia2 genes: cytokinin-induced nitrate reductase
activity is correlated with Nia1 transcription and mRNA levels". Plant
Physiol. 116, 1091-1096, 1998.
[16] R. L. Warner, C.J. Lin, A. Kleinhofs, "Nitrate reductase-deficient
mutants in barley". Nature 269, 406-407, 1977.
[17] A. Kleinhofs, R.L. Warner, "Advances in nitrate assimilation". In:
Miflin, B.J., Lea, P.J. (Ed.), The biochemistry of plants. Academic Press
San Diego CA, 16:89-120, 1990.
[18] D. Aspinall, L.G. Paleg, "Proline accumulation: physiological aspects.
In: Paleg, L.G., Aspinall, D. (Ed.), The Physiology and Biochemistry of
Drought Resistance in Plants". Academic Press, Sydney, pp. 205-241,
1981.
[19] W. Claussen, "Growth, water use efficiency, and proline content of
hydroponically grown tomato plants as affected by nitrogen source and
nutrient concentration". Plant Soil 247, 199-209 2002.
[20] W. Claussen, "Proline as a measure of stress in tomato plants". Plant
Science 168, 241-248, 2005.
[21] B. Yan, Q. Dai, X. Liu, S. Huang, Z. Wang, "Flooding-induced
membrane damage. Lipid oxidation and activated oxygen generation in
corn leaves". Plant Soil 179, 261-268, 1996.
[22] L. Klepper, D. Flesher, R.H. Hageman, "Generation of reduced
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for nitrate reduction in green leaves".
Plant Physiol. 20, 580-590, 1971.
[23] W. Troll, J.A. Lindsley, "A method for the determination of proline". J.
Biol. Chem. 215, 655-660, 1955.
[24] C. Magn'e, H. Larher, "High sugar content of extracts interferes with
colorimetric determination of amino acids and free proline". Analytical
Biochem. 200, 115-118, 1992.
[25] J. M. Bremner, “Total nitrogen. In: Black, C.A. (Ed.), Methods of soil
analysis”. Amer. Soc. Agron. Madison, WI, Agronomy, No. 9, Part 2,
pp. 1149-1178, 1965.
[26] D. A. Cataldo, M. Haroon, L.E. Schrader, V.L. “Youngs, Rapid
colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of
salicylic acid”. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 6, 71-80, 1975.
[27] J. M. Johnson, A. Ulrich, “Analytical Methods for Use in Plant Analysis.
II”. California: Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin, 1975..
[28] J. Murphy, J.P. Riley, “A modified single solution method for the
determination of phosphate in natural waters”. Analytica Chim. Acta 27,
31-36, 1962.
[29] A. Aziz, J. Martin-Tanguy, F. Lather, “Salt stress-induced proline
accumulation and changes in tyramine and polyamine levels are linked
to ionic adjustment in tomato leaf discs”. Plant Sci. 145, 83-91, 1999.
[30] S. B. Roy, A.K. Bera, “Individual and combined effects of mercury and
manganese on phenol and proline content in leaf and stem of mungbean
seedlings”. J. Environ. Biol. 23, 433-435, 2002.
[31] A. Inal, C. Tarakcıoğlu, “Effects of Nitrogen Forms on the Growth,
Nitrate Accumulation, Membrane Permeability, and Nitrogen Use
Efficiency of Hydroponically Grown Bunch Onion (Allium cepa L. var
Radar) under Boron Deficiency and Toxicity”. Journal of Plant
Nutrition, 24 (10): 1521-1534, 200.
[32] C. Tarakcioglu, A. Inal, “Changes induced by salinity, demarcating
specific ion ratio (Na/Cl) and osmolality in ion and proline
accumulation, nitrate raductase activity and growth performance of
lettuce”. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 27-41, 2002.
[33] C. Kaya, D. Higgs, “Calcium nitrate as a remedy for salt-stressed
cucumber Plants”. J. Plant Nutr. 25, 861-871, 2002.
[34] P. Adams, “Some responses of tomatoes grown in NFT to sodium
chloride”. Proc. 7. International Congress Soilless Culture, 59-70, 1988.
[35] P. Adams, “Effects of increasing the salinity of the nutrient solution with
major nutrients or sodium chloride on the yield, quality and composition
of tomatoes grown in rockwool”. J. Hort. Sci. 66, 201-207, 1991.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:59616", author = "Figen Eraslan and Abdel Karim Hassan Awad Elkarim and Aydın Gunes and Ali Inal", title = "Effect of Nutrient Induced Salinity on Growth, Membrane Permeability, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Proline Content and Macronutrient Concentrations of Tomato Grown in Greenhouse", abstract = "A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of nutrients induced salinity on the growth, membrane permeability, nitrate reductase activity, proline content and macronutrient concentrations of tomato plants. The plants were subjected to six different treatments: 1 (control) containing basic solution, 2 basic solution+40mM of NaCl, 3 basic solution+40 mM of KNO3, 4 basic solution+20 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, 5 basic solution+20 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O and 6 basic solution+20 mM of KNO3+5 mM of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O+5 mM of Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Membrane permeability was increased significantly only with addition of NaCl, and then decreased to its lower level with addition of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O and Mg(NO3)2.6H2O. Proline accumulation were followed the same trend of results when they had been exposed to NaCl salinity. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was significantly affected by addition of different types of nutrient induced salinity.
", keywords = "Membrane Permeability, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Nutrient induced salinity, Proline.", volume = "6", number = "11", pages = "1029-5", }
