Effect of Nano-Silver on Growth of Saffron in Flooding Stress
Saffron (Crocus sativus) is cultivated as spices,
medicinal and aromatic plant species. At autumn season, heavy
rainfall can cause flooding stress and inhibits growth of saffron. Thus
this research was conducted to study the effect of silver ion (as an
ethylene inhibitor) on growth of saffron under flooding conditions.
The corms of saffron were soaked with one concentration of nano
silver (0, 40, 80 or 120 ppm) and then planting under flooding stress
or non flooding stress conditions. Results showed that number of
roots, root length, root fresh and dry weight, leaves fresh and dry
weight were reduced by 10 day flooding stress. Soaking saffron
corms with 40 or 80 ppm concentration of nano silver rewarded the
effect of flooding stress on the root number, by increasing it.
Furthermore, 40 ppm of nano silver increased root length in stress.
Nano silver 80 ppm in flooding stress, increased leaves dry weight.
[1] D. J. Mabberley, The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the vascular
plants, 2nded, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 154.
[2] M. K. Rangahau, Growing Saffron - The worlds most expensive spice,
Crop and Food Research, 2003, vol.20, pp. 1-4.
[3] R. V. Molina, M. Valero and Y. Navarro, Temperature effects on flower
formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), Scientia Horticulturae, 2005,
vol.103, pp. 361-379.
[4] E. keyhani and J. keyhani, Hypoxiya/anoxia as signaling for increased
alcohol dehydrohenase activity in saffron corm, New York academy of
science, Doi: 10.1196/annals.1329.056, 2004.
[5] B. F. Mathew, ÔÇÿCrocus L.- in Tutin T G, Heywood V H, Burges N A,
Moore D M, Valentine D H, Walters S M and Webb D A (Eds), Flora
Europaea, 2001, Vol. 5, pp. 92-9.
[6] P. Perata and A. Alpi, Plant responses to anaerobiosis, 1993, Plant Sci.
Vol. 93, pp. 1-17.
[7] R. M. M. Crawford, and R. B. Andle, Oxygen deprivation stress in a
changing environment, J. 1996, Exp. Bot. 47, pp. 145-159.
[8] S. Biemelt, M. R. Hajirezai, M. Melzer, Sucrose synthase activity does
not restrict glycolysis in roots of transgenic potato plants under hypoxic
conditions, 1999, Planta, Vol. 210, pp. 41-49.
[9] E. J. W. Visser, R. H. M. Nabben, C. W. P. M. Blom, and L. A. C. J.
Voesenek, Elongation by primary lateral roots and adventitious roots
during conditions of hypoxia and high ethylene concentrations, Plant
Cell Environ, 1997, Vol. 20, pp. 647-653.
[10] E. J. W. Visser, R. Pierik, Inhibition of root elongation by ethylene in
wetland and non-wetland plant species and the impact of longitudinal
ventilation, Plant Cell Environ, 2007, Vol. 30 (1): pp. 31-38. [31-38.
[11] E. M. Beyer, A potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants, Plant
Physiology, 1976a, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 268-271.
[12] A. E. Chamani, B. A. Khalighi, A. C. Joyce, E. Donald, A. Irving, B.
Zamani, B. Mostofi, B. M. Kafi, 2005, Ethylene and anti-ethylene
treatment effects on cut ÔÇÿFirst Red- rose, Hortic, Vol. 7(1), pp. 3-7.
[13] N. Gad, M. A. Atta-Aly, Effect of Cobalt on the Formation, Growth and
Development of Adventitious Roots in Tomato and Cucumber
Cuttings, 2006, Sci. Res, vol. 2(7), pp. 423-429.
[14] R. Reggiani, A role for ethylene in low-oxygen signaling in rice
roots, Amino Acids, 2006, Vol. 30, pp. 31-38.
[15] J. An, M. Zhang, S. H. Wang, J. Tang, Physical, chemical and
microbiological change in stored green asparagus spears as affected by
coating of silver nanoparticle-pvp, LWT., 2008, Vol. 41, pp. 1100-1107.
[16] J. Eo, B. Y. Lee, Effects of ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin on fruit
abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.), Scientia
Horticulturae, 2009, Vol. 123, pp. 224-227.
[17] M. Sharon, A. Kr. Choudhary, and R. Kumar, Nanotechnology in
agricultural diseases and food safety, Journal of Phytology, 2010, Vol.
2(4), pp. 83-92.
[18] M. Seif sahandi, A. Sorooshzadeh, H. Rezazadeh, and H. A.
Naghdiabadi, Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of
borage. Journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, Vol. 5(2), pp. 171-
175.
[19] K. J. Bradford, Effect of soil flooding on leaf gas exchange of plants,
Plant Physiol, 1983, Vol. 73, pp. 475-479.
[20] S. R. Pezeshiki, A. D. DeLaune, H. K. Klude, H. S. Choi,
Photosynthesis and growth responses of cattail (Typha domingensis) and
sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) to soil redox conditions, Aquat, Bot,
1996, Vol. 54, pp. 25-35.
[21] D. A. Gravatt, C. J. Kirby, Patterns of photosynthesis and starch
allocation in seedlings of four bottomland hardwood tree species
subjected to flooding, Tree Physiol, 1998, Vol. 18, pp. 411-417.
[22] J. R. Pallas, S. J. Kays, Inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene a
stomatal effect, Plant Physiol, 1982, Vol. 70, pp. 598-601.
[23] R. L. Wample, R. K. Thornton, Differences in the responses of
sunflower (Helanthus annuus) subjected to flooding and drought stress,
Physiol, Plant, 1984, Vol. 61: pp. 611-616.
[24] R. G. Hongjun Chen, Qualls and R. Robert Blank, Effect of soil flooding
on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the
invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium, Aquatic Botany, 2005, Vol. 82, pp.
250-268.
[25] J. W. Sij, and C. A. Swanson, Effect of petiole anoxia on
phloemtransport in squash, Plant Physiol, 1973, Vol. 51: pp. 368-371.
[26] M. A. Topa, J. M. Cheeseman, Carbon and phosphorus partitioning in
Pinus serotina seedlings growing under hypoxic and low-phosphorus
conditions, Tree Physiol, 1992, Vol. 10, pp. 95-207.
[27] W. T. Jackson, Flooding injury studied by approach graft and split root
system techniques, Am. J. Bot, 1956, Vol. 43, pp. 496-502.
[28] Z. C. Tang, T. T. Kozlowski, Some physiological and morphological
responses of Quercus macrocarpa seedlings to flooding, Can. J. Res,
1982, Vol. 12, pp. 196-202.
[29] N. S. Turkova, Growth reactions in plants under excessive watering,
Dokl. Acad, Nauk, SSSR, 1944, Vol. 42, pp. 87-90.
[30] M. B. Jackson and D. J. Campbell, Ethylene and water logging effects in
tomato, Ann, Appl. Biol, 1975, Vol. 81, pp. 102-105.
[31] M. B. Jackson and D. J. Campbell, Waterlogging and petiole epinasty in
tomato: The role of ethylene and low oxygen, New Phytol, 1976, Vol.
76, pp. 21-29.
[32] K. J. Bradford and D. R. Dilley, Effects of root anaerobiosis on ethylene
production, epinasty and growt[h of tomato plants, Plant Physiol, 1978,
Vol. 61, pp. 506-509.
[33] M. B. Jackson, K. Gales, D. J. Campbell, Effect of waterlogged soil
conditions on the production of ethylene and on water relationships in
tomato plants, J. Exp. Bot, 1978, Vol. 29, pp. 83-193.
[34] E. Knaap, M. Sauter, R. Wilford and H. Kende, Identification of a
gibberellin-induced receptor-like kinase indeepwater rice, Plant Physiol,
1996, Vol. 112, Vol.1397-1401.
[35] M. Banga, G. M., Bogemann C. W. P. M. Blom and L. A. C. J,
Voesenek, Flooding resistance of Rumex speciesstrongly depends on
their response to ethylene: Rapid shoot elongation or foliar senescence,
Physiol Plant, 1997, Vol. 99, pp. 415-422.
[36] P. Grichko Varvara and Glick, R. Bernard, Ethylene and flooding stress
in plants, Plant Physiol, Biochem, 2001, Vol. 39, pp. 1−9.
[37] C. Hongjun, G. Q. Robert, C. M. Glenn, Adaptive responses of
Lepidium latifolium to soil flooding: biomass allocation, adventitious
rooting, aerenchyma formation and ethylene production, Environmental
and Experimental Botany, Vol. 48, pp. 119-128.
[38] K. L. C. Wang, L. Hai and J. R. Ecker, "Ethylene biosynthesis and
signaling networks", Plant Cell, 2002, S131-S151 Supplement.
[39] F. B. Abeles, Ethylene in plant biology, New York, Academic press, Ant
Cell Reports, 1973, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 547-555.
[40] J. P. Roustan, A. Latche and J. Fallot, Control of carrot somatic
embryogenesis by AgNO3 an inhibitor of ethylene action effect on
arginine decarboxilase activity, Plant Science, 1990, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp.
89-95.
[41] N. L. Biddington, The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture, Plant
Growth Regulation, 1992, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 173-178.
[42] E. C. Pua and G. L. Chi, De novo shoot morphogenesis and plant growth
of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in vitro in relation to ethylene.
Physiologia Plantarum, 1993, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 467-474.
[43] H. P. Bais, G. Sudha, B. Suresh and G. A. Ravishankar, AgNO3
influences in vitro root formation in Decalepis hamiltonii Wight, Arn,
Current Science, 2000, Vol. 79, pp. 894-898.
[44] H. P. Bais, G. S. Sudha, and G. A. Ravishankar, Influence of putrescine
AgNO3 and polyamine inhibitors on the morphogenetic response in
untransformed and transformed tissues of Chichorium in tybus and their
regenerants, 2001a, pp. 1.
[45] H. P. Bais, G. S. Sudha, and G. A. Ravishankar, Putrescine influences
growth and production of coumarins in transformed and untransformed
root cultures of witloof chicory (Chichorium intybus L cv Lucknow
Local), Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 2001b, Vol. 23, pp. 319-327.
[46] H. P. Bais, R. T. Venkatesh, A. Chandrashekar, and G. A. Ravishankar,
Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of witl of chiocory
in vitro shoot regeneration and induction of flowering, Current Science,
2001c, Vol. 80, pp. 83-87.
[47] P. Giridhar, E. P. Indu, D. Vijaya ramu, and G. A. Ravishankar, Effect
of silver nitrate on in vitro shoot growth of Coffee, Tropical Science,
2003, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 144-146.
[48] E. M. Beyer, Silver ion: a potent anti-ethylene agent in cucumber and
tomato. HortScience, 1976b, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 175-196.
[49] H. Turhan, The effect of silver nitrate (Ethylene inhibitor) on in vitro
shoot development in potato (solanum tuberosum L.), Biotechnology,
2004, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 72-74.
[50] C. Sunandakumari, K. P. Martin, M. Chithra, and P. V. Madhusoodanan,
Silver nitrate induced rooting and flowering in vitro on rare
rhoeophytic woody medicinal plant, Rotula aquatica Lour, Indian
Journal of Biotechnology, July 2004, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 418-421.
[51] B. K. M. Chraibi, A. latche, J. P. raustan, and J. Fallot, Stimulation of
shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Helianthus annuus by ethylene
inhibitors silver and cobalt, Plant Cell Reports. 1991, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp.
204-207.
[52] J. P. Ouma, M. M. Young, N. A. Reichert, Optimization of in vitro
regeneration of multiple shoots from hypocotyl sections of cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L.), Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2004, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.
169-173.
[53] S. D. Ganesh, and H. L. Sreenath, Silver nitrate enhanced shoot
development in cultured apical shoot buds of Coffea arabica Cv
Cauvery, Journal of Plantation Crops, 1996, Vol. 24, pp. 577-580.
[54] M. M. Kushad, B. W. Poovaiah, Deferal of senescence and abscission
by chemical inhibition of ehtylene synthesis and action in bean
explants, Plant Physiol, 1984, Vol. 76, pp. 293-296.
[55] J. Taylor, C. Whitelaw, Singal in abscission, Tencley review, 2001, No.
127. USA.
[56] A. Mishra, S. Khare, P. K. Trivedi, P. Nath, Effect of ethylene, 1-
MCP, ABA and IAA on break strength, cellulose and
polygalacturonase activities during cotton leaf abscission, S. Afr. J.
Bot, 2008, Vol. 282, pp. 6-12.
[1] D. J. Mabberley, The Plant Book. A portable dictionary of the vascular
plants, 2nded, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 154.
[2] M. K. Rangahau, Growing Saffron - The worlds most expensive spice,
Crop and Food Research, 2003, vol.20, pp. 1-4.
[3] R. V. Molina, M. Valero and Y. Navarro, Temperature effects on flower
formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), Scientia Horticulturae, 2005,
vol.103, pp. 361-379.
[4] E. keyhani and J. keyhani, Hypoxiya/anoxia as signaling for increased
alcohol dehydrohenase activity in saffron corm, New York academy of
science, Doi: 10.1196/annals.1329.056, 2004.
[5] B. F. Mathew, ÔÇÿCrocus L.- in Tutin T G, Heywood V H, Burges N A,
Moore D M, Valentine D H, Walters S M and Webb D A (Eds), Flora
Europaea, 2001, Vol. 5, pp. 92-9.
[6] P. Perata and A. Alpi, Plant responses to anaerobiosis, 1993, Plant Sci.
Vol. 93, pp. 1-17.
[7] R. M. M. Crawford, and R. B. Andle, Oxygen deprivation stress in a
changing environment, J. 1996, Exp. Bot. 47, pp. 145-159.
[8] S. Biemelt, M. R. Hajirezai, M. Melzer, Sucrose synthase activity does
not restrict glycolysis in roots of transgenic potato plants under hypoxic
conditions, 1999, Planta, Vol. 210, pp. 41-49.
[9] E. J. W. Visser, R. H. M. Nabben, C. W. P. M. Blom, and L. A. C. J.
Voesenek, Elongation by primary lateral roots and adventitious roots
during conditions of hypoxia and high ethylene concentrations, Plant
Cell Environ, 1997, Vol. 20, pp. 647-653.
[10] E. J. W. Visser, R. Pierik, Inhibition of root elongation by ethylene in
wetland and non-wetland plant species and the impact of longitudinal
ventilation, Plant Cell Environ, 2007, Vol. 30 (1): pp. 31-38. [31-38.
[11] E. M. Beyer, A potent inhibitor of ethylene action in plants, Plant
Physiology, 1976a, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 268-271.
[12] A. E. Chamani, B. A. Khalighi, A. C. Joyce, E. Donald, A. Irving, B.
Zamani, B. Mostofi, B. M. Kafi, 2005, Ethylene and anti-ethylene
treatment effects on cut ÔÇÿFirst Red- rose, Hortic, Vol. 7(1), pp. 3-7.
[13] N. Gad, M. A. Atta-Aly, Effect of Cobalt on the Formation, Growth and
Development of Adventitious Roots in Tomato and Cucumber
Cuttings, 2006, Sci. Res, vol. 2(7), pp. 423-429.
[14] R. Reggiani, A role for ethylene in low-oxygen signaling in rice
roots, Amino Acids, 2006, Vol. 30, pp. 31-38.
[15] J. An, M. Zhang, S. H. Wang, J. Tang, Physical, chemical and
microbiological change in stored green asparagus spears as affected by
coating of silver nanoparticle-pvp, LWT., 2008, Vol. 41, pp. 1100-1107.
[16] J. Eo, B. Y. Lee, Effects of ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin on fruit
abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.), Scientia
Horticulturae, 2009, Vol. 123, pp. 224-227.
[17] M. Sharon, A. Kr. Choudhary, and R. Kumar, Nanotechnology in
agricultural diseases and food safety, Journal of Phytology, 2010, Vol.
2(4), pp. 83-92.
[18] M. Seif sahandi, A. Sorooshzadeh, H. Rezazadeh, and H. A.
Naghdiabadi, Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of
borage. Journal of medicinal plants research, 2011, Vol. 5(2), pp. 171-
175.
[19] K. J. Bradford, Effect of soil flooding on leaf gas exchange of plants,
Plant Physiol, 1983, Vol. 73, pp. 475-479.
[20] S. R. Pezeshiki, A. D. DeLaune, H. K. Klude, H. S. Choi,
Photosynthesis and growth responses of cattail (Typha domingensis) and
sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) to soil redox conditions, Aquat, Bot,
1996, Vol. 54, pp. 25-35.
[21] D. A. Gravatt, C. J. Kirby, Patterns of photosynthesis and starch
allocation in seedlings of four bottomland hardwood tree species
subjected to flooding, Tree Physiol, 1998, Vol. 18, pp. 411-417.
[22] J. R. Pallas, S. J. Kays, Inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene a
stomatal effect, Plant Physiol, 1982, Vol. 70, pp. 598-601.
[23] R. L. Wample, R. K. Thornton, Differences in the responses of
sunflower (Helanthus annuus) subjected to flooding and drought stress,
Physiol, Plant, 1984, Vol. 61: pp. 611-616.
[24] R. G. Hongjun Chen, Qualls and R. Robert Blank, Effect of soil flooding
on photosynthesis, carbohydrate partitioning and nutrient uptake in the
invasive exotic Lepidium latifolium, Aquatic Botany, 2005, Vol. 82, pp.
250-268.
[25] J. W. Sij, and C. A. Swanson, Effect of petiole anoxia on
phloemtransport in squash, Plant Physiol, 1973, Vol. 51: pp. 368-371.
[26] M. A. Topa, J. M. Cheeseman, Carbon and phosphorus partitioning in
Pinus serotina seedlings growing under hypoxic and low-phosphorus
conditions, Tree Physiol, 1992, Vol. 10, pp. 95-207.
[27] W. T. Jackson, Flooding injury studied by approach graft and split root
system techniques, Am. J. Bot, 1956, Vol. 43, pp. 496-502.
[28] Z. C. Tang, T. T. Kozlowski, Some physiological and morphological
responses of Quercus macrocarpa seedlings to flooding, Can. J. Res,
1982, Vol. 12, pp. 196-202.
[29] N. S. Turkova, Growth reactions in plants under excessive watering,
Dokl. Acad, Nauk, SSSR, 1944, Vol. 42, pp. 87-90.
[30] M. B. Jackson and D. J. Campbell, Ethylene and water logging effects in
tomato, Ann, Appl. Biol, 1975, Vol. 81, pp. 102-105.
[31] M. B. Jackson and D. J. Campbell, Waterlogging and petiole epinasty in
tomato: The role of ethylene and low oxygen, New Phytol, 1976, Vol.
76, pp. 21-29.
[32] K. J. Bradford and D. R. Dilley, Effects of root anaerobiosis on ethylene
production, epinasty and growt[h of tomato plants, Plant Physiol, 1978,
Vol. 61, pp. 506-509.
[33] M. B. Jackson, K. Gales, D. J. Campbell, Effect of waterlogged soil
conditions on the production of ethylene and on water relationships in
tomato plants, J. Exp. Bot, 1978, Vol. 29, pp. 83-193.
[34] E. Knaap, M. Sauter, R. Wilford and H. Kende, Identification of a
gibberellin-induced receptor-like kinase indeepwater rice, Plant Physiol,
1996, Vol. 112, Vol.1397-1401.
[35] M. Banga, G. M., Bogemann C. W. P. M. Blom and L. A. C. J,
Voesenek, Flooding resistance of Rumex speciesstrongly depends on
their response to ethylene: Rapid shoot elongation or foliar senescence,
Physiol Plant, 1997, Vol. 99, pp. 415-422.
[36] P. Grichko Varvara and Glick, R. Bernard, Ethylene and flooding stress
in plants, Plant Physiol, Biochem, 2001, Vol. 39, pp. 1−9.
[37] C. Hongjun, G. Q. Robert, C. M. Glenn, Adaptive responses of
Lepidium latifolium to soil flooding: biomass allocation, adventitious
rooting, aerenchyma formation and ethylene production, Environmental
and Experimental Botany, Vol. 48, pp. 119-128.
[38] K. L. C. Wang, L. Hai and J. R. Ecker, "Ethylene biosynthesis and
signaling networks", Plant Cell, 2002, S131-S151 Supplement.
[39] F. B. Abeles, Ethylene in plant biology, New York, Academic press, Ant
Cell Reports, 1973, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 547-555.
[40] J. P. Roustan, A. Latche and J. Fallot, Control of carrot somatic
embryogenesis by AgNO3 an inhibitor of ethylene action effect on
arginine decarboxilase activity, Plant Science, 1990, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp.
89-95.
[41] N. L. Biddington, The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture, Plant
Growth Regulation, 1992, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 173-178.
[42] E. C. Pua and G. L. Chi, De novo shoot morphogenesis and plant growth
of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in vitro in relation to ethylene.
Physiologia Plantarum, 1993, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 467-474.
[43] H. P. Bais, G. Sudha, B. Suresh and G. A. Ravishankar, AgNO3
influences in vitro root formation in Decalepis hamiltonii Wight, Arn,
Current Science, 2000, Vol. 79, pp. 894-898.
[44] H. P. Bais, G. S. Sudha, and G. A. Ravishankar, Influence of putrescine
AgNO3 and polyamine inhibitors on the morphogenetic response in
untransformed and transformed tissues of Chichorium in tybus and their
regenerants, 2001a, pp. 1.
[45] H. P. Bais, G. S. Sudha, and G. A. Ravishankar, Putrescine influences
growth and production of coumarins in transformed and untransformed
root cultures of witloof chicory (Chichorium intybus L cv Lucknow
Local), Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 2001b, Vol. 23, pp. 319-327.
[46] H. P. Bais, R. T. Venkatesh, A. Chandrashekar, and G. A. Ravishankar,
Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of witl of chiocory
in vitro shoot regeneration and induction of flowering, Current Science,
2001c, Vol. 80, pp. 83-87.
[47] P. Giridhar, E. P. Indu, D. Vijaya ramu, and G. A. Ravishankar, Effect
of silver nitrate on in vitro shoot growth of Coffee, Tropical Science,
2003, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 144-146.
[48] E. M. Beyer, Silver ion: a potent anti-ethylene agent in cucumber and
tomato. HortScience, 1976b, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 175-196.
[49] H. Turhan, The effect of silver nitrate (Ethylene inhibitor) on in vitro
shoot development in potato (solanum tuberosum L.), Biotechnology,
2004, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 72-74.
[50] C. Sunandakumari, K. P. Martin, M. Chithra, and P. V. Madhusoodanan,
Silver nitrate induced rooting and flowering in vitro on rare
rhoeophytic woody medicinal plant, Rotula aquatica Lour, Indian
Journal of Biotechnology, July 2004, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 418-421.
[51] B. K. M. Chraibi, A. latche, J. P. raustan, and J. Fallot, Stimulation of
shoot regeneration from cotyledons of Helianthus annuus by ethylene
inhibitors silver and cobalt, Plant Cell Reports. 1991, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp.
204-207.
[52] J. P. Ouma, M. M. Young, N. A. Reichert, Optimization of in vitro
regeneration of multiple shoots from hypocotyl sections of cotton
(Gossypium hirsutum L.), Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2004, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.
169-173.
[53] S. D. Ganesh, and H. L. Sreenath, Silver nitrate enhanced shoot
development in cultured apical shoot buds of Coffea arabica Cv
Cauvery, Journal of Plantation Crops, 1996, Vol. 24, pp. 577-580.
[54] M. M. Kushad, B. W. Poovaiah, Deferal of senescence and abscission
by chemical inhibition of ehtylene synthesis and action in bean
explants, Plant Physiol, 1984, Vol. 76, pp. 293-296.
[55] J. Taylor, C. Whitelaw, Singal in abscission, Tencley review, 2001, No.
127. USA.
[56] A. Mishra, S. Khare, P. K. Trivedi, P. Nath, Effect of ethylene, 1-
MCP, ABA and IAA on break strength, cellulose and
polygalacturonase activities during cotton leaf abscission, S. Afr. J.
Bot, 2008, Vol. 282, pp. 6-12.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:60568", author = "N. Rezvani and A. Sorooshzadeh and N. Farhadi", title = "Effect of Nano-Silver on Growth of Saffron in Flooding Stress", abstract = "Saffron (Crocus sativus) is cultivated as spices,
medicinal and aromatic plant species. At autumn season, heavy
rainfall can cause flooding stress and inhibits growth of saffron. Thus
this research was conducted to study the effect of silver ion (as an
ethylene inhibitor) on growth of saffron under flooding conditions.
The corms of saffron were soaked with one concentration of nano
silver (0, 40, 80 or 120 ppm) and then planting under flooding stress
or non flooding stress conditions. Results showed that number of
roots, root length, root fresh and dry weight, leaves fresh and dry
weight were reduced by 10 day flooding stress. Soaking saffron
corms with 40 or 80 ppm concentration of nano silver rewarded the
effect of flooding stress on the root number, by increasing it.
Furthermore, 40 ppm of nano silver increased root length in stress.
Nano silver 80 ppm in flooding stress, increased leaves dry weight.", keywords = "Flooding stress, Nano-silver, Saffron.", volume = "6", number = "1", pages = "34-6", }
